[pt] Com uma crescente preocupação mundial com as emissões de gases de efeito estufa ( e seus impactos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente, o transporte passa a ser um tema central sendo responsável por 14 porcento das emissões humanas de GEE. A fim de construir resistência às mudanças climáticas os serviços de transporte devem não só se adaptar ao cenário atual, mas também agir rapidamente para evitar mudanças futuras. Mudanças profundamente enraizadas nos sistemas socio técnicos serão necessárias para alcançar uma redução significativa de CO 2 e garantir o bem estar das gerações futuras. Os objetivos deste estudo são ( alcançar uma visão abrangente do estado atual da mitigação de carbono no setor de transporte e ( contribuir para o cenário de sustentabilidade atual, aumentando a conscientização entre acadêmicos e profissionais. Isso é feito através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com base nas teorias de transições socio técnicas e contingência, e por meio do desenvolvimento de uma calculadora de CO 2 Vinte e um artigos de revisão são selecionados para leitura de texto completo na área de emissões de carbono em transporte. Habilitadores, barreiras, benefícios, desvantagens e métricas sobre o tópico são identificados e um framework é construído Os resultados fornecem uma visão do cenário atual de sustentabilidade em transportes e permitem um melhor entendimento dos fatores que influenciam a redução de emissões de carbono retratados na literatura existente. Um aplicativo móvel iOS é desenvolvido para estimar as emissões de CO2. O aplicativo está disponível para download na App Store com o nome de Calculadora de Emissões de Carbono. Uma simulação de planejamento de cenário é oferecida, mostrando os usos potenciais do produto tecnológico. O software também será submetido a registro no instituto brasileiro do INPI. / [en] With a worldwide growing concern for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their impact on human health and the environment, transportation becomes a central theme in mitigation, being responsible for 14 percent of human GHG emissions. In order to build endurance to climate change, transportation services must not only adapt to the current scenario, but also act quickly to avert future changes. Deeply rooted changes in socio-technical systems will be necessary to achieve significant CO2 reduction and secure the wellbeing of future generations. The objectives of this study are to (1) achieve a comprehensive view of the current state of carbon mitigation in the transportation sector and (2) contribute to the current sustainability scenario by raising awareness among scholars and practitioners. This is done thorough a systematic literature review, engrained in the socio-technical transition theory and in the structural theory of contingency, and through the development of a CO2 calculator. Twenty-one review papers are selected for full-text examination in the area of carbon emissions in transportation. Enablers, barriers, benefits, disadvantages and metrics in carbon emissions reduction are identified and a comprehensive framework is built. Results provide a view of the current scenario of sustainability in transportation and allow a better understanding of the factors influencing carbon emission initiatives in transportation, as well as its outcomes. A mobile iOS app is developed to estimate CO2 emissions. The app is available for download at the App Store under the name of LogCO2: Carbon Emissions Calculator. A scenario planning simulation is offered, showing potential uses of the technological product. The software will also be submitted for registration at the Brazilian INPI institute.

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Yes / Research shows that big data analytics capability (BDAC) is a major determinant of firm performance. However, scant research has theoretically articulated and empirically tested the mechanisms and conditions under which BDAC influences performance. This study advances existing knowledge on the BDAC–performance relationship by drawing on the knowledge-based view and contingency theory to argue that how and when BDAC influences market performance is dependent on the intervening role of disruptive business models and the contingency role of competitive intensity. We empirically test this argument on primary data from 360 firms in the United Kingdom. The results show that disruptive business models partially mediate the positive effect of BDAC on market performance, and this indirect positive effect is strengthened when competitive intensity increases. These findings provide new perspectives on the business model processes and competitive conditions under which firms maximize marketplace value from investments in BDACs.

Background: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various sectors, with higher education institutions (HEIs) being no exception, necessitating strategic changes to harness its benefits, such as enhanced educational practices and efficiency, while addressing challenges like ethical concerns and job displacement risks. However, the integration of AI in higher education (HE) is not uniform and varies across various disciplines, influenced by factors such as technological readiness, professional culture, and stakeholders. By applying contingency theory, insights are provided into the alignment of organizational strategies with specific environmental factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the rise of AI on strategic changes within HEIs and examine how these changes are contingent on distinct organizational cultures across various disciplines. Method: A single case qualitative study was utilized with an abductive approach, collecting empirical data from 10 participants with roles of higher responsibility in the HEI through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, a thematic analysis was used to examine the gathered data. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that the rise of AI necessitates strategic changes within HEIs, driven by opportunities and challenges. Integrating AI is seen as an ongoing process requiring flexibility and adaptability to changing environments, related to contingency theory. While some institutions begin to incorporate education about AI and develop guidelines, full implementation is still in the planning stages for many. The study underscores variations in AI adoption across disciplines, highlighting the need to tailor strategies to organizational cultures, including aspects such as different professional cultures and technological readiness cultures. Ultimately, this research enhances the understanding of strategic change management as a reaction to the rise of AI, offering an overarching framework for HEIs to adapt to a dynamic educational environment.

Background: Management Control Systems (MCS) have been withheld as useful tools to support managers and increase performance, whereas Simons’ Levers of Control (LOC) increase the understanding of relations between different MCS. The characteristics of the public sector induce new dimensions of complexity in a municipal setting, where this study reveals how tensions exist between both levers and managers in turn impacting the performance of the organization.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the comprehensive use and efficiency of the MCS within Swedish municipal organizations. By using existing frameworks to acknowledge the unique challenges inherent, the relation between LOC and municipal performance is tested.  Method: The study reconciles with the pragmatic paradigm, following an abductive mixed-method approach. The research problem is addressed through a sequential explanatory method, where the quantitative research accounts for the foundation of the study, and to further enhance the understanding of the data, qualitative interviews were conducted.  Conclusion: This thesis reveals the intricate relationship between MCS and performance in Swedish municipal organizations, confirming the significance of MCS while challenging assumptions about LOCs’ direct impact on performance. By exploring the moderating role of professional discretion, the study underscores the importance of considering contextual factors in designing effective control mechanisms tailored to organizational needs.

This quantitative research study investigated the impact of organisational context on the process and success of strategic IS planning (SISP) in post-implementation information systems in Libyan organisations. A set of direct and indirect relationships were investigated in the research model. The organisational context presented as a contingent situational variable mediated by SISP process and predicted by SISP success (the criterion variable). The causality of the relationship set was developed from the contingency theory of information systems and supported by fit models in strategic management research. The study deployed multivariate analysis represented in the structural equation modelling (SEM) to develop robust construct measurements and analyse data collected from executives responsible for information systems planning in both public and private Libyan organisations. Multi-dimensional multi-items constructs were used in the path analysis model after they were extensively validated. The path analysis model represented as mediation model, where hypothesise suggest that SISP context has an impact SISP success, through the influence of the SISP process. In the model, four dimensions of the SISP context construct were found to have a significant impact on SISP success directly and indirectly through the SISP process. Two of these dimensions are components of the leadership orientation construct, namely “Creative and Controlling” leadership. The other two dimensions are “Organisation centralisation structure and the Riskiness of organisation strategies”. The environmental uncertainty and planning resource constructs were found to have no impact on SISP success in Libyan organisations. Furthermore, this study validated six out of seven dimensions of SISP process construct measurement; only five exhibited acceptable fit level in the path analysis model and all were affected by the SISP context. However, just three out of five SISP process constructs had an impact on SISP success namely “Comprehensiveness, Focus and Intuition planning process”. Different SISP processes were associated with different levels of SISP success, “Intuition” was the most effective SISP process approach. The second most effective SISP process approach was the “Focus on innovation”, followed by “Limited comprehensiveness”. The SISP success measured by the fulfilment of key objectives that has three measurements constructs namely “Analysis, Alignment, and Cooperation”. The research suggest that under the effect of organisation context the most successful SISP produced by (CIO, CEO, or top executives) who rely less on personal judgment, focus more on innovation rather than control and limit their comprehensiveness of information systems planning process.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / A capabilities-based approach to contingency planning offers important opportunities to strengthen both Homeland Defense and Homeland Security. The Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have already begun moving beyond traditional threat-based and scenario-based planning methodologies toward a more capabilities-based approach, but require embracing this concept more in order to counter challenges in developing contingency plans against current threats to the US Homeland. Additionally, given the critical responsibilities of state and local governments in Homeland Security, this planning approach might be applied far beyond the Federal government. This thesis examines ways that a specialized capabilities-based planning process might be applied to Homeland Defense and Homeland Security, and applies the proposed methodology to two case studies: the US Navy Component of US Northern Command and the New York City Fire Department. / Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army

Understanding organizational behavior (OB) has profoundly influenced organizational performance and how people behave in organizations. Researchers have suggested various micro and macro organizational behaviors to be the impetus for high-performing organizations. Through a policy capturing approach this study builds on these findings by specifically examining the perceptions of micro and macro organizational behaviors in an organizational setting. The participants (n =181) completed a Micro and Macro Organizational Behavior Perceptions Questionnaire. Results showed perception differences exist between subordinates and supervisors. Additionally, participants perceived job satisfaction to be the most important micro organizational behavior, whereas organizational design was perceived to be the most important macro organizational behavior. However when comparing hierarchal positions in the organization, supervisors weighted leadership as the most important and subordinates weighted job satisfaction as the most important organizational behavior. While these findings only scratch the surface as to how organizational behavior is perceived, the implications challenge leaders to close the OB perception gap. Correspondingly, organizational behavior thinking may result in improving individual and organizational performance.

The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a theory that helps explain the conditions under which firms select certain project evaluation techniques. This study uses contingency theory to analyze the impact of environmental uncertainty on the choice of project evaluation techniques. In addition to a direct measure of uncertainty, several dimensions of uncertainty are included in this study. These dimensions of uncertainty include control structure, method of financing, foreign assets, method of growth, and product domination. This study also analyzes the use of project evaluation, management science and risk management techniques in US firms over time and in UK firms over time in order to compare to prior research. A comparison of firms in the two countries are also provided. The primary method of data collection was a survey instrument. Data were also collected from annual reports and various other public sources. The variables that appear significant in the choice of project evaluation technique in US firms are environmental uncertainty, control structure, method of financing, foreign assets, and product domination. The variable that appear significant in the choice of project evaluation technique in UK firms is method of financing. US firms favor discounted cash flow techniques although this study detected a slight decrease over time. UK firms continue to use non-discounted cash flow techniques, although the use of discounted cash flow techniques is widespread. There are significant differences between US and UK firms. US firms tend to use discounted cash flow techniques to a greater extent than UK firms. This research makes a significant contribution in attempting to develop a theory explaining the use of project evaluation techniques in firms in the US and UK. In addition, several other developments relating to project evaluation, management science and risk management are discussed. The results of this study can be used by managers in refining and improving their existing project evaluation processes.