Bakgrund: Stålet är en av Sveriges viktigaste exportvaror. Det stål som produceras i Sverige går huvudsakligen till exportmarknaden. För att ligga i framkant vad gäller teknik och utveckling samt att vara en attraktiv arbetsplats för framtiden har branschföreningen Jernkontoret arbetat fram en gemensam vision för 2050. En god arbetsmiljö anses vara en framgångsfaktor. Syfte: Syftet med rapporten är dels att utreda arbetsmiljön i kontrollrummen på ett stålverk i Mellansverige för att kunna får en uppfattning om dagens förhållanden. Ytterligare ett syfte är att undersöka hur man vid en ombyggnation av kontrollrum anordnar goda förhållanden ur arbetsmiljösynpunkt och hur de fysiska, kognitiva och psykosociala behoven bör tas i beaktande för att få en god arbetsmiljö som främjar hälsan hos operatörerna och gynnar produktionen. Dessa arbetsmiljöfaktorer ska visas i en kravspecifikation för respektive arbetsmiljöområde. Ett tredje syfte är att undersöka om det finns stöd i litteraturen att en bra arbetsmiljö för operatörer i kontrollrum kan ge kvalitets- och produktionsvinster och på så vis bättre lönsamhet för företaget. Metod/Genomförande: Magisteruppsatsen är baserad på litteraturgenomgång, intervjuer med medarbetare, observationer och exponeringsmätningar med avseende på buller, vibrationer, belysning och termiskt klimat på berörd enhet på företaget. Studiebesök har gjorts hos ett företag som planerar och projekterar kontrollrum. Resultat: Litteraturstudien har visat att de arbetsmiljöfaktorer som undersökts på enheten kan påverka arbetstagares hälsa och prestationer i arbetet. Resultaten av intervjuerna där medarbetarnas uppfattning om brister i arbetsmiljön beskrevs bekräftas också av litteraturstudien. Dessutom påvisas vikten av delaktighet och inflytande vid förändringsarbete. Ytterligare resultat som framkommit påvisar hinder och möjligheter av teknisk karaktär vid flytt av operatörshytterna som måste lösas. Slutsats: Det bekräftas att de faktorer som personalen uppger som brister i sin arbetsmiljö i operatörshytterna idag kan påverka hälsan i arbetslivet, arbetsprestationen och ohälsotalen på enheten. Bedömningen är att en förändring av arbetsmiljön får positiva effekter på undersökta faktorer. Rekommendationen är att flytta operatörshytterna från den direkta arbetsprocessen och utforma enligt de kravspecifikationerna som tagits fram i bilaga 3 för respektive arbetsmiljöfaktor. Många frågor och tekniska utmaningar ur ett MTO-perspektiv måste lösas innan en flytt av operatörshytterna kan bli verklighet. Lyhördhet för medarbetarnas uppfattningar och kunskaper är av största vikt för att få en delaktighet, helhet och ett lyckat förändringsarbete. / Abstract Background: The steel is one of Sweden's most important export goods. The steel produced in Sweden goes mainly to the export market. To be at the forefront in terms of technology and development, and to be an attractive workplace for the future, the industry association Jernkontoret worked out a common vision for 2050. Good work environment is one factor to be successful. Objective: The aim of this report is both to investigate the working environment in control rooms at a steel mill in central Sweden in order to get an idea of the current conditions. Another purpose is to examine how the rebuilding of control arranges good conditions, the working environment and their physical, cognitive and psychosocial needs should be taken into account to get a good work environment that promotes the health of operators and favor the production. These environmental factors are displayed in a requirements specification for each working area. A third purpose is to examine whether there is support in the literature that a good working environment for operators in the control room can provide quality and productivity gains and thus better profitability for the company. Method: Master's thesis is based on literature review, interviews with staff, observations and exposure measurements for noise, vibration, lighting and thermal environment in the relevant department of the company. Visits were made with a company that plans and designs the control room. Results: The literature has shown that the work environment factors examined in the department could affect health and work performance. The results of the interviews, where employees' opinion of deficiencies in the work environment described is also confirmed by the literature. Moreover, the importance of participation and influence to get a successful change management was demonstrated. Additional results obtained, demonstrates the obstacles and opportunities of a technical nature at the relocation of the control room away from the work process that must be resolved. Conclusion: It is confirmed that the factors that staff stated as deficiencies in their work environment in the operator cabins today can affect health in working life, work performance and illness in the department. The assessment is that a change of work environment has positive effects on the investigated factors. The recommendation is to move the operator cabs from the direct workprocess and design according to the specifications developed in Annex 3 for each factor. Many issues and technical challenges from an MTO perspective must be resolved before a relocation of operator cabs can become a reality. Responsiveness to employees' perceptions and knowledge is of utmost importance to get a participatory, holistic and successful change management.

One of the mixing engineers most important tool when listening, analyzing and taking decisions is the physical space in which the reproduction system and the monitors are placed. The space needs to fulfill certain aspects to be able to qualify as a control room considered good for taking these decisions. In this study an active listening test was conducted to investigate if the RT60 of the natural reverberation in the room affected a mixing engineers’ decisions when adjusting parameters on an artificial reverb. 16 subjects participated, the subjects adjusted reverb level and reverb time of an artificial reverb in two different acoustical environments, with two different values of RT60. The environments were based on a professional control room made for mixing and mastering. The two values for RT60 was achieved through manipulating the room with diffusors and absorbing material. It was found that the subjects were able to adapt to the different acoustical environments, although other differences were found. The order of the which of the environments the subjects started in and which parameter the subject started adjusting, showed a considerable impact on the result. As well as what kind of factors the subjects considered when adjusting the artificial reverb.

In this thesis, a particular class of agent is singled out for examination. In order to provide a guiding metaphor, we speak of control room agents. Our focus is on rational decision- making by such agents, where the circumstances obtaining are such that rationality is bounded. Control room agents, whether human or non-human, need to reason and act in a changing environment with only limited information available to them. Determining the current state of the environment is a central concern for control room agents if they are to reason and act sensibly. A control room agent cannot plan its actions without having an internal representation (epistemic state) of its environment, and cannot make rational decisions unless this representation, to some level of accuracy, reflects the state of its environment. The focus of this thesis is on three aspects regarding the epistemic functioning of a control room agent: 1. How should the epistemic state of a control room agent be represented in order to facilitate logical analysis? 2. How should a control room agent change its epistemic state upon receiving new information? 3. How should a control room agent combine available information from different sources? In describing the class of control room agents as first-order intentional systems hav- ing both informational and motivational attitudes, an agent-oriented view is adopted. The central construct used in the information-theoretic approach, which is qualitative in nature, is the concept of a templated ordering. Representing the epistemic state of a control room agent by a (special form of) tem- plated ordering signals a departure from the many approaches in which only the beliefs of an agent are represented. Templated orderings allow for the representation of both knowledge and belief. A control room agent changes its epistemic state according to a proposed epistemic change algorithm, which allows the agent to select between two well-established forms of belief change operations, namely, belief revision and belief update. The combination of (possibly conflicting) information from different sources has re- ceived a lot of attention in recent years. Using templated orderings for the semantic representation of information, a new family of purely qualitative merging operations is developed. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Computer Science)

In this thesis, a particular class of agent is singled out for examination. In order to provide a guiding metaphor, we speak of control room agents. Our focus is on rational decision- making by such agents, where the circumstances obtaining are such that rationality is bounded. Control room agents, whether human or non-human, need to reason and act in a changing environment with only limited information available to them. Determining the current state of the environment is a central concern for control room agents if they are to reason and act sensibly. A control room agent cannot plan its actions without having an internal representation (epistemic state) of its environment, and cannot make rational decisions unless this representation, to some level of accuracy, reflects the state of its environment. The focus of this thesis is on three aspects regarding the epistemic functioning of a control room agent: 1. How should the epistemic state of a control room agent be represented in order to facilitate logical analysis? 2. How should a control room agent change its epistemic state upon receiving new information? 3. How should a control room agent combine available information from different sources? In describing the class of control room agents as first-order intentional systems hav- ing both informational and motivational attitudes, an agent-oriented view is adopted. The central construct used in the information-theoretic approach, which is qualitative in nature, is the concept of a templated ordering. Representing the epistemic state of a control room agent by a (special form of) tem- plated ordering signals a departure from the many approaches in which only the beliefs of an agent are represented. Templated orderings allow for the representation of both knowledge and belief. A control room agent changes its epistemic state according to a proposed epistemic change algorithm, which allows the agent to select between two well-established forms of belief change operations, namely, belief revision and belief update. The combination of (possibly conflicting) information from different sources has re- ceived a lot of attention in recent years. Using templated orderings for the semantic representation of information, a new family of purely qualitative merging operations is developed. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Computer Science)

The goal of this project is to test the possibility to connect the Cogenerational generation of power 138 MW (still in the development stage) to the control room 110 kV in Prostejov production. This merge would product the electrical energy as well as the heat energy for all local area. In this dissertation we will be considering the solution of the steady state (stationary state) of system with the voltage level of 110kV, as well as the influence of the generation of power on this system, there by the suggesting a connection. The Congenerational production indicates higher effectiveness in the transformation of energy during primary production process due to the production of heat energy as well as the electrical energy from the primary power sources. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.