Estudo de fase III, prospectivo, aleatorizado e duplo-cego de prevenção de mucosite oral com laser de baixa potência. Foram incluídos pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioquimioterapia. Grupo A laser 2,5 J/cm2 diariamente durante o tratamento e grupo B laser placebo. Inclusão de 75 pacientes (A/B 37/38). Grau III /IV mucosite: A/B 2a semana (4/5) P=1.0, 4a semana (4/12) P=0.04 e 6a semana (8/9) P=1.0. Interrupções da RT devido à mucosite A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Dor severa A/B 2a semana (5/5), 4a semana (8/8) e 6a semana (8/8) P=1.0. O tratamento com laser foi efetivo, tendo adiado o aparecimento da mucosite severa e reduzido as interrupções da radioterapia. / Phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of oral mucositis prophylaxis by low energy laser. Patients included had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer and were managed with radiochemotherapy. Arm A laser 2.5 J/cm2 daily throughout treatment and B sham laser. Inclusion of 75 patients (A/B 37/38). Grade III /IV mucositis A/B: week 2 (4/5) P=1.0, week 4 (4/12) P=0.04 and week 6 (8/9) P=1.0. Treatment breaks due to mucositis A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Severe pain A/B week 2 (5/5), week 4 (8/8) and week 6 (8/8) P=1.0. Low laser therapy was effective, delaying severe mucositis and reducing radiotherapy breaks.

Orientador: João Luiz de Carvalho Pinto e Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_RosenyFlavia_D.pdf: 2218392 bytes, checksum: ae46ec8279637321e393aa3f2e2f2303 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: As algias posturais são sintomas que afetam oito em cada dez gestantes brasileiras, e o uso do Yoga tem sido considerado para seu tratamento e cuidado. Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência das algias na coluna vertebral, identificar possíveis fatores de risco na gestação e avaliar a efetividade do método do Hatha Yoga para reduzir a PLBP e PGP relacionadas à gravidez. Métodos: a dor na coluna vertebral foi identificada através de estudo de corte transversal com 245 gestantes em atenção pré-natal selecionadas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Paulínia (Estado de São Paulo), através de entrevistas usando-se questionário estruturado pelos autores. Também foram convidadas 60 grávidas com PLBP e/ou PGP, para participar de um ensaio clínico prospectivo randomizado. Participaram gestantes com idade de 14 a 40 anos, idade gestacional de 4 a 40 semanas, no estudo de prevalência, e de 12 a 32 semanas para o ensaio clínico. Foram excuídas as grávidas submetidas a algum tipo de intervenção para o tratamento destas algias. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: o Grupo YOGA (GY), que praticou exercícios orientados pelo método, e o Grupo Orientação Postural (GOP), que realizou orientações posturais padronizadas contidas em folheto preparado por fisioterapeutas. As gestantes foram acompanhadas por dez semanas, no período de junho 2009 a junho 2011. Foram utilizados a Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) para medir a intensidade da dor e os testes de provocação de dores lombar e pélvica posterior para verificação da presença da dor. Para análise estatística foram utilizados analise descritiva por medidas de posição e tendência central, frequência absoluta e relativa, testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mc Nemar, Wilcoxon pareado, Análise de covariância, Regressão logística binária múltipla e Método Stepwise. Resultados: a prevalência de dor nas costas foi de 78,8%, sendo a região lombopélvica referida por 69%. A intensidade da dor foi relatada por 35,9% para a dor moderada e 32,7% para a dor severa. A dor lombopélvica foi 11,16 mais frequente para o período noturno e 4,03 para o vespertino e a postura corporal em pé foi 2,9, comparativamente às que não sentiam dor . Observou-se que a mediana do escore de dor referido pelas gestantes foi menor no GY (p< 0,0058) quando comparada ao GOP. Houve diminuição da reatividade nos testes de provocação de dor lombar em relação aos testes de dor pélvica posterior. Observou-se a redução gradativa da intensidade da dor durante as dez sessões do Hatha Yoga programadas (p< 0,024). Conclusão: A prevalência de dor na coluna vertebral foi de 78,8% e a região lombopélvica foi a mais referida. O modelo de regressão logística apontou que os períodos noturnos, vespertinos e a posição corporal em pé são fatores preditivos associados para a dor lombopélvica durante a gestação. O método do Yoga foi mais efetivo para a diminuição da intensidade da PLBP e PGP quando comparado ao grupo de mulheres submetidas às orientações posturais / Abstract: Introduction: The back pain are symptoms that affect eight out of ten pregnant Brazilian women, and the use of Yoga for treatment and care have been considered. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of pain in the spine, to identify possible risk factors in Brazilian pregnant women and evaluate the effectiveness of the method Hatha Yoga to reduce pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP) and pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain (PGP). Methods: pain in the spine was identified through cross-sectional study with 245 pregnant women in prenatal care selected in the Primary Healthcare Services in Paulínia (São Paulo State Brazil). Interviews using a structured questionnaire was used. Also were invited 60 pregnant with PLBP and / or PGP, to participate in a prospective randomized clinical trial, age 14 to 40 years and 4 to 40 gestacional age for prevelence and 12 to 32 gestacional age for the clinical trial. We excluded pregnant women who were being subjected to some type of intervention to treat these pains. The women were divided into two groups: Yoga Group (YG), who practiced exercises guided by the method, and the Postural Orientation Group (POG) that performed, postural standardized guidelines contained in booklet prepared by physical therapists. The women were followed for ten weeks, from June 2009 Summary to June 2011. We used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure the intensity of pain and provocation tests to verify the presence of the low back pain and posterior pelvic pain. Statistical analysis included measures of central tendency and position, absolute and relative frequency. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, McNemar, Wilcoxon Tests, analysis of covariance, Multiple binary logistic regression and stepwise method .Results: The prevalence of back pain was 78.8% and the lumbopelvic region was reported by 69%. The pain intensity was 35.9% for moderate and 32.7% for severe pain. The lumbopelvic pain was more prevalent 11.16 during night time, 4.03 during evening and standing posture was found 2.9 more frequent compared to those who felt no pain. Was also observed that the median pain score was lower in YG (p <0.0058) when compared to the POG. There was relief of the pain during low back pain provocation tests in relation to posterior pelvic pain tests. There was a gradual reduction of pain intensity during the ten sessions scheduled of Hatha Yoga (p <0.024). Conclusion: The prevalence of pain in the spine was 78.8% and lumbopelvic region was the most reported. The logistic regression model showed that the night-time, evening and standing position are predictive factors associated to lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy. Yoga was the more effective method in reducing the intensity of PLBP and PGP when compared with postural orientations / Doutorado / Saúde Materna e Perinatal / Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with a prevalence of 1-2 %, frequently leads a chronic course. Persons with OCD are often reluctant to seek help and, if they do, their OCD is often missed. This is unfortunate, since active treatment may substantially improve social function and quality of life. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have welldocumented efficacy in OCD, but delayed response may be problematic. Methods to predict response have been lacking. Because SRIs are effective, pathophysiological research on OCD has focussed on serotonin. However, no clear aberrations of serotonin have been found, thus other mechanisms ought to be involved. Our aims were to facilitate clinical detection and assessment of OCD, to search for biochemical correlates of response and side-effects in SRI treatment of OCD and to identify any possible involvement of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of OCD. In study I, we tested in 402 psychiatric out-patients the psychometric properties of a concise rating scale, “Brief Obsessive Compulsive Scale” (BOCS). BOCS was shown to be easy to use and have excellent discriminant validity in relation to other common psychiatric diagnoses. Studies II-V were based on 36 OCD patients from a randomised controlled trial of paroxetine, clomipramine or placebo. In study II, contrary to expectation, we found that the change (decrease) of serotonin in whole blood was most pronounced in non-responders to SRI. This is likely to reflect inflammatory influence on platelet turnover rather than serotonergic processes within the central nervous system. In studies IV-V, we found relations between changes of oxytocin in plasma and the anti-obsessive response, and between oxytocin and the SRI related delay of orgasm, respectively. In both cases, the relation to central oxytocinergic mechanisms is unclear. In males, delayed orgasm predicted anti-obsessive response.

Globally, psychological health problems are currently among the most serious public health challenges. Adolescent girls suffer from internalizing problems, such as somatic symptoms and mental health problems, at higher rates than in decades. By age 15, over 50 % of all girls experience multiple health complaints more than once a week and one in five girls reports fair or poor health. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effects of and experiences with an after-school dance intervention for adolescent girls with internalizing problems. The intervention comprised dance that focused on resources twice weekly for 8 months. Specifically, this thesis aimed to: I) investigate the effects on self-rated health (SRH), adherence and over-all experience; II) evaluate the effects on somatic symptoms, emotional distress and use of medication; III) explore the experiences of those participating in the intervention; and IV) assess the cost-effectiveness. A total of 112 girls aged 13 to 18 years were included in a randomized controlled trial. The dance intervention group comprised 59 girls, and the control group 53. In paper I, the dance group showed increased SRH scores compared to the control group (p = .02). Girls in the intervention group showed high adherence and a positive overall experience. In paper II, the dance group exhibited a decrease in somatic symptoms (p = .021), emotional distress (p = .023) and use of medication (p = .020) compared to the control group. In paper III, a strategic sample of 24 girls was interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was performed, and five generic categories emerged. Two were “An Oasis from Stress” and “Supportive Togetherness”, which was shown to represent the fundamental basis and setting of the intervention. The main category, participants’ central experience, was understood as “Finding embodied self-trust that opens new doors”. Paper IV revealed that, due to decreased number of visits to the school nurse and an increase in health related quality of life; the intervention was considered to be cost-effective (combined with the usual school health services). In summary, the results of this thesis show that this dance intervention for adolescent girls with internalizing problems generated positive health effects and proved to be cost-effective. For this target group, a non-judgmental environment and supportive togetherness proved to be of importance for participation. The results of this study may provide practical information for school health care staff and caregivers in designing future interventions.

Falls and injuries related to falls are one of the most common health problems among older people and are becoming increasingly more frequent. Regular exercise has been identified as one of the most effective fall-prevention activities for older people; however, awareness of the impact of exercise programmes and adherence to recommended exercise among the elderly population is generally low. Research examining how an exercise programme is administered to and experienced by elderly community-dwelling people is needed. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility, experiences and effects of and adherence to the fall-preventive Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) with or without motivational interviewing (MI) among community-dwelling people aged 75 years or older. Four studies were performed from October 2012 to May 2016 in a sample of 175 people. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The methods included the feasibility for conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (I), individual face-to-face interviews (II), an RCT (III) and a prospective cohort study (IV). The intervention was given to two groups. The participants who received OEP with or without MI were compared with a control group that received standard care. The feasibility of performing an exercise intervention with or without MI was acceptable from the perspective of the participating physiotherapists. From the perspective of the older participants performing the exercise with behavioural change support, the inclusion of monitored exercises in everyday life and daily routines was important. The participants also expressed experiencing more strength, improved physical functioning and greater hope for an extended active life during old age. From the short-term perspective, there were significant improvements within the OEP combined with MI group in terms of physical performance, fall self-efficacy, activity level, and handgrip strength. Improved physical performance and fall self-efficacy were also found within the control group; however, corresponding differences did not occur in the OEP group without MI. There were no significant differences between the study groups after 12 weeks of regular exercise. Adherence to the exercises in the pooled exercise group was 81% at the 12-week follow-up. At the 52-week follow-up, the behavioural factors being physically active and obtaining behavioural support in terms of MI had a significant association with adherence to the exercise programme. These studies provide some support for the combination of OEP with MI as the addition of MI was valuable for achieving adherence to the exercise programme over time in older community-dwelling people.

No description available.

Background High blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. The shape of association between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events is debated. Some researchers suggest that the association is linear or log-linear, whereas others suggest it is J-shaped. Randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive treatment have been successful in hypertension, but ambiguous in the high normal blood pressure range. Previous systematic reviews have not found any interaction between baseline systolic blood pressure and treatment effect, with beneficial effects at systolic blood pressure levels well below what is currently recommended. These reviews, however, use a method to standardize treatment effects and study weights according to within-trial blood pressure differences that may introduce bias. Methods We performed two systematic reviews to assess the effect of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease and mortality at different blood pressure levels. The first review was limited to people with diabetes mellitus. The second review included all patient categories except those with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Both reviews were designed with guidance from Cochrane Collaborations Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and are reported according to PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials assessing any antihypertensive agent against placebo or any blood pressure targets against each other. Results were combined in random-effects meta-analyses, stratified by baseline systolic blood pressure. Non-stratified analyses were performed for coronary heart disease trials and post-stroke trials. Interaction between blood pressure level and treatment effect was assessed with Cochran’s Q in the first review, and multivariable-adjusted metaregression in the second review. The third paper builds on data from the second paper, and assesses the effect of standardization according to within-trial blood pressure differences on the results of meta-analyses. We performed non-standardized analyses, analyses with standardized treatment effects, and analyses with standardized treatment effects and standard errors. We compared treatment effect measures and heterogeneity across different methods of standardization. We also compared treatment effect estimates between fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses within each method of standardization. Lastly, we assessed the association between number of events and study weights, using linear regression. Results Forty-nine trials assessed the effect of antihypertensive treatment in people with diabetes mellitus. Treatment effect on cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction decreased with lower baseline systolic blood pressure. Treatment reduced the risk of death and cardiovascular disease if baseline systolic blood pressure was 140 mm Hg or higher. If baseline systolic blood pressure was below 140 mm Hg, however, treatment increased the risk of cardiovascular death by 15 % (0-32 %). Fifty-one trials assessed the effect of antihypertensive treatment in primary prevention. Treatment effect on cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, and heart failure decreased with lower baseline systolic blood pressure. If baseline systolic blood pressure was 160 mm Hg or higher treatment reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 22 % (95 % confidence interval 13-30 %). If systolic blood pressure was 140-159 mm Hg treatment reduced the risk by 12 % (4-20 %), whereas if systolic blood pressure was below 140 mm Hg, treatment effect was neutral (4 % increase to 10 % reduction). All-cause mortality was reduced if systolic blood pressure was 140 mm Hg or higher, with neutral effect at lower levels. Twelve trials compared antihypertensive treatment against placebo in people with coronary heart disease. Mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 138 mm Hg. Treatment reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 10 % (3-16 %), whereas the effect on mortality was neutral (7 % increase to 11 % reduction). Standardization of treatment effects resulted in more extreme effect estimates for individual trials. This caused increased between-study heterogeneity, and different results with fixed- and random-effects model. Standardization of standard errors shifted weights from trials with many events to trials with large blood pressure differences. This caused biased overall effect estimates. Standardization of standard errors also resulted in wider confidence intervals, masking the previously increased heterogeneity. This reduced the possibility to find different treatment effects at different blood pressure levels. Conclusion The effect of antihypertensive treatment depends on blood pressure level before treatment. Treatment reduces the risk of death and cardiovascular disease if baseline systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher. Below this level, treatment is potentially harmful in people with diabetes, has neutral effect in primary prevention, but might offer additional protection in people with coronary heart disease. Standardization should generally be avoided in meta-analyses of antihypertensive treatment. Previous meta-analyses using standardized methods should be interpreted with caution. / Hjärt-kärlsjukdomar leder till fler dödsfall och fler förlorade levnadsår än någon annan sjukdomsgrupp. Den enskilt viktigaste riskfaktorn som bidrar till hjärtkärlsjukdomar ur ett befolkningsperspektiv är högt blodtryck. Risken att drabbas av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar minskar om man behandlar högt blodtryck men till vilken nivå blodtrycket skall behandlas är kontroversiellt. Denna avhandling innefattar två systematiska översikter och meta-analyser samt ett arbete som jämför olika sätt att hantera skillnader mellan studier i meta-analyser. De systematiska översikterna sammanställer data från randomiserade kontrollerade studier av blodtryckssänkande behandling. Vår övergripande frågeställning var om effekten av behandling påverkas av blodtrycksnivån innan behandling. Mer specifikt studerades hur behandling påverkade risken att dö eller drabbas av hjärt-kärlsjukdom vid olika blodtrycksnivåer. Det första arbetet fokuserade på personer med diabetes. För dessa fann vi att blodtryckssänkande behandling minskar risken att dö eller drabbas av hjärtkärlsjukdom vid nivåer ≥ 140 mmHg. Vi fann ingen nytta, men möjligen en skadlig effekt av behandling, vid lägre blodtrycksnivåer. Det andra arbetet inkluderade studier oberoende av vilka sjukdomar deltagarna hade. Vi fann att den förebyggande effekten av blodtryckssänkande behandling berodde på blodtrycksnivån. Vid blodtryck &gt; 160 mmHg minskade risken att drabbas av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar med 22 % hos de som erhöll behandling. Om blodtrycket var 140-160 mmHg minskade risken med 12 %, men om blodtrycket var &lt; 140 mmHg sågs ingen behandlingseffekt. Hos personer med känd kranskärlssjukdom, och ett medelblodtryck på 138 mmHg, fann vi en något minskad risk för hjärt-kärlhändelser med ytterligare behandling. I det tredje arbetet fann vi att skillnader i resultat mellan olika studier inte kan antas bero endast på olika grad av blodtryckssänkning i studierna. När resultaten standardiserades, som om alla studier hade sänkt blodtrycket lika mycket, ökade nämligen skillnaderna mellan studierna. Detta resulterade i sin tur i snedvridning av resultaten från meta-analyser av standardiserade värden. Sammanfattningsvis minskar blodtryckssänkande behandling risken att dö eller drabbas av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar om blodtrycket är 140 mmHg eller högre. Vid lägre nivåer är nyttan med behandling osäker samtidigt som det finns potentiella risker. Standardisering bör inte användas rutinmässigt vid metaanalyser av blodtrycksstudier. Tidigare meta-analyser som använt denna metod bör tolkas med försiktighet.

Introdução: A dor lombar crônica inespecífica é um importante problema de saúde e de ordem socioeconômica responsável por alto índice de absenteísmo no trabalho e redução do desempenho funcional. A utilização da acupuntura manual como terapia alternativa no tratamento de dor lombar e a eletroacupuntura para potencializar o tratamento, tem se mostrado eficaz, entretanto, com poucas evidências sobre sua efetividade. Objetivo: Comparar a efetividade da eletroacupuntura versus acupuntura manual no tratamento da dor e incapacidade funcional em pacientes com dor lombar crônica inespecífica Método: Sessenta e seis pacientes com dor lombar crônica inespecífica foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo eletroacupuntura (GE n=33) e grupo acupuntura (GA n=33). Os desfechos clínicos primários foram dor, avaliada com a escala numérica de dor e incapacidade funcional pelo questionário de Incapacidade Roland Morris e os desfechos secundários foram: qualidade da dor medida com o questionário McGill de dor, percepção global com escala da percepção do efeito global, qualidade de vida por meio do Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), depressão com o inventário Beck de Depressão, e cinesiofobia com a Escala Tampa de Cinesiofobia. Os grupos foram tratados duas vezes por semana com duração de 40 minutos, durante seis semanas, totalizando 12 sessões. Foram realizadas três avaliações: inicial, final e follow-up de três meses. O nível de significância foi de alfa < 0,05. Resultados: Ambos os grupos relataram melhora na intensidade da dor e incapacidade funcional, sem diferença entre os grupos. Na intensidade e incapacidade escores de dor entre os grupos foram -0,4 (95% intervalo de confiança [IC] = -1,7 a -0,8) e -2,5 pontos (IC 95% = -5,6 a 0,6), respectivamente. Nos desfechos secundários, observamos uma diferença entre grupos apenas para cinesiofobia (diferença = -4.1 pontos, IC95% = -7,0 a -1,1) no grupo acupuntura manual. Conclusão: A eletroacupuntura e a acupuntura manual são eficazes na melhora da dor e incapacidade funcional em pacientes com dor lombar crônica inespecífica / Introduction: Chronic nonspecific low back pain is significant problem of health and socioeconomic order responsible for high rate of absenteeism at work and reduced functional performance. The use of manual acupuncture as an alternative therapy in the treatment of low back pain and electroacupuncture to enhance the treatment has been proven effective, however, with little evidence of effectiveness. Objective: Compare the effectiveness of electroacupuncture versus manual acupuncture in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods: Sixty-six patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were divided into: electroacupuncture (n=33) and acupuncture group (n=33). The primary clinical outcomes were pain, assessed with the numerical Scale of Pain and functional disability by questionnaire Disability Roland Morris and secondary outcomes were quality of pain measure with the McGill Pain Questionnaire, global perception with the perception of the Global Scale Effect, quality of life through the Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF- 36), depression with the Beck depression inventory, and kinesiophobia with Tampa Scale kinesiophobia. The groups were treated twice a week lasting 40 minutes for six weeks, 12 sessions. Were three evaluations: baseline, post treatment and follow-up of three months. The level of significance was alfa < 0.05. Results: Both groups reported improvements in pain intensity and disability with no difference between groups. Differences in intensity and disability scores of pain between groups were -0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.7 to - 0.8) and -2.5 points (95% CI = -5 6 to 0.6), respectively. Regarding secondary outcomes, we observed a difference between-groups for kinesiophobia (difference= -4.1 points, 95% CI - 7.0 -1.1) in acupuncture group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture have similar efficacy in reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain

Objetivo: Comparar a efetividade da atividade gradual versus programa de exercícios supervisionados em pacientes com dor lombar crônica não específica para os desfechos intensidade da dor, qualidade da dor, incapacidade funcional, qualidade de vida, percepção do efeito global, retorno ao trabalho, atividade física, capacidade física e cinesiofobia. Método: Participaram do estudo 66 indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 65 anos com dor lombar crônica não específica, randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo atividade gradual (n=33) e Grupo fisioterapia (n=33). Os desfechos primários foram: intensidade da dor (Escala Numérica de dor) e incapacidade funcional (Questionário de Incapacidade de Roland Morris) e os defechos secundários: Qualidade da dor (Questionário de dor de McGill) qualidade de vida (Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire), Percepção do Efeito Global (Escala de Percepção do Efeito Global), retorno ao trabalho, atividade física (Questionário de atividade física habitual de Baecke), capacidade física (Teste sentado para de pé e Teste de Caminhada de 15,2 metros), cinesiofobia (Escala Tampa para Cinesiofobia). As intervenções foram individualizadas, com duração de uma hora, por seis semanas e frequência de duas vezes por semana. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado na linha de base e no follow up de seis semanas, três e seis meses após o tratamento. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de ?=0,05. Resultados: Após seis meses, ambos os grupos melhoraram, porém não houve diferença significante entre os grupos para intensidade da dor (média da diferença de 0,1 pontos; IC a 95% -1,1 a 1,5) e incapacidade funcional (média da diferença de 0,0; IC a 95% -2,9 a 3,0). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para os demais desfechos. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que atividade gradual e fisioterapia apresentam efetividade similar na redução da intensidade da dor e melhora da incapacidade funcional em pacientes com dor lombar crônica não específica / Objective: To compare the effectiveness of graded activity versus physiotherapy in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain for pain intensity, quality of pain, disability, quality of life, global perceive effect, return to work, physical capacity and kinesiophobia. Methods: Sixty-six patients between 18 to 65 years old with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomized into two groups: Graded activity group (n=33) and physiotherapy group (n = 33). The primary outcomes were: Intensity pain (Numerical Pain Scale) and disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire). The secondary outcomes were: Quality of pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire), Global perceived effect (Global perceived effect scale), return to work, physical activity (Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity), physical capacity (sit-to-stand test and 15.24m walk test) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) The intervention was individualized, twice a week, one hour for six weeks. The participants were assessment for a blind assessor in the baseline and six weeks, three and six month\'s follow-up. The level of significance was established in ?=0.05. Results: After six weeks, both groups improved, but we not observed significance difference between groups (mean difference 0.1 points; CI 95% -1.1 a 1.5) and disability (mean difference 0.0; IC a 95% -2.9 a 3.0). We not observed statistical difference between groups for all outcomes. Conclusion: Our study provide high quality evidence that graded activity and physiotherapy have similar effectiveness reducing intensity pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain

Estudo de fase III, prospectivo, aleatorizado e duplo-cego de prevenção de mucosite oral com laser de baixa potência. Foram incluídos pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioquimioterapia. Grupo A laser 2,5 J/cm2 diariamente durante o tratamento e grupo B laser placebo. Inclusão de 75 pacientes (A/B 37/38). Grau III /IV mucosite: A/B 2a semana (4/5) P=1.0, 4a semana (4/12) P=0.04 e 6a semana (8/9) P=1.0. Interrupções da RT devido à mucosite A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Dor severa A/B 2a semana (5/5), 4a semana (8/8) e 6a semana (8/8) P=1.0. O tratamento com laser foi efetivo, tendo adiado o aparecimento da mucosite severa e reduzido as interrupções da radioterapia. / Phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of oral mucositis prophylaxis by low energy laser. Patients included had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer and were managed with radiochemotherapy. Arm A laser 2.5 J/cm2 daily throughout treatment and B sham laser. Inclusion of 75 patients (A/B 37/38). Grade III /IV mucositis A/B: week 2 (4/5) P=1.0, week 4 (4/12) P=0.04 and week 6 (8/9) P=1.0. Treatment breaks due to mucositis A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Severe pain A/B week 2 (5/5), week 4 (8/8) and week 6 (8/8) P=1.0. Low laser therapy was effective, delaying severe mucositis and reducing radiotherapy breaks.