La diversité des accords bilatéraux a constitué un moyen pour l'Union européenne d'étendre ses compétences externes. Cela rend compte du volontarisme mais surtout du pragmatisme de son action extérieure, ce qui n'est pas sans poser de problèmes.La mise en cohérence des accords bilatéraux devient alors une exigence impérieuse. Cette rationalisation des accords devra être confortée par un schéma institutionnel rénové autant que par la reformulation synthétique des fondements juridiques de la compétence externe de l'Union européenne. / The different bilateral agreement is a tool for the European Union to wide its external competences. This illustrates it voluntarism but even more it pragmatism of it external action, what is not without raise problems.The harmonization of bilateral agreements is a very strong need. This rationalization should be hold by an institutional scheme and by a reformulation of legal basis.

This thesis from a constructivist approach to explore the neoliberal interdependence theory, the structural power of nationalism theory, in constructed out of Mainland China to control the East Asian system, how restricting contact sign, Taiwan and Thailand the opportunities of Economic Cooperation Agreement (ECA). Learned from the theory and data analysis, we know that Thailand is relatively dependent on the extent of Taiwan, and the interdependence of economic and social exchange behavior of multi-track each other. Although the basis of comparative advantage that favor positive contact Taiwan and Thailand signed the ECA and the optimum behavior of integration, limited to the new amendment to Article 190 of the Constitution of Thailand must get Congress to vote on the signing of an international agreement approved by the provisions, as well as the rise of Mainland China in East Asia caused by nationalism asymmetry interdependent the structural power constraints, resulting in consistent sign of Taiwan and Thailand ECA system failure, the phenomenon of zero, contrary to the rules of the market liberal institutionalism theory. How to break through Mainland China in the East Asian the structural power system constructed of path dependence, reversing the international status of Taiwan disadvantage, from the analysis of the theory, competence structure and fieldwork, Taiwan and Thailand signed ECA feasibility contact program with specific practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Laredo.pdf: 49101782 bytes, checksum: 13c61a26c161e1172dffdd2878f055d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-21 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research approaches the implementation of Praça Victor Civita (Victor Civita Square), situated in Pinheiros district, in São Paulo. The area, once environmentally degraded, was rehabilitated through a funding and management modality called public-private partnership . By researching concepts that define what is public and what is private, we try to determine if the public space created through the partnership between the government and the private sector is actually public and made for the public, and its meaning. We use examples of international experiences to compare the situation observed in São Paulo, aiming at recognizing the differences that make partnerships more effective, when we consider not only the private business, but also society as a partner in shaping the public space. This work offers an overview of the partnership, including its conception, processes, project and deployment of Praça Victor Civita. / Esta pesquisa aborda a implantação da Praça Victor Civita, localizada no bairro de Pinheiros, na cidade de São Paulo. Em uma área marcada pela degradação ambiental, surge a possibilidade de reabilitação por meio da modalidade de financiamento e gestão denominada parceria público-privada . Ao levantar conceitos que definem o que é público e o que é privado, tentamos verificar se o espaço público, criado por meio da parceria entre o poder público e o setor privado, é de fato público e feito para o público, e o seu real significado. Utilizamos alguns exemplos de experiências internacionais para traçar um paralelo com a situação observada na cidade de São Paulo com o objetivo de reconhecer as diferenças que tornam as parcerias mais efetivas, considerando não só a iniciativa privada, mas também a sociedade, como parceiras na construção do espaço público. Este trabalho oferece um panorama de como foi o processo da parceria, concepção, projeto e implantação da Praça Victor Civita.

8. 5. 2019 Abstract Diploma thesis Political and Civic Rights in Cuba in the light of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between Cuba and the European Union Adéla Chamrádová Institute of Political Science Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University 2018/2019 This diploma thesis is dealing with the compliance of human rights in Cuba related to the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement that Cuba has concluded with the European Union at the end of 2016. Every EU's trade, cooperation or political dialogue agreement with third states has to contain a so-called human rights clause. This clause guarantees that both sides comply with human rights, democracy and the rule of law principles. The objective of my thesis is, therefore, to investigate if Cuba has indeed made a progress in the area of human rights under the influence of this treaty. I focus on political and civic rights, as Cuba continues to be criticized by the international community for their long-term violation. The subject of my research will be freedom of expression and thought and right to peaceful assembly and association.

This master thesis deals with the development of the academic relations between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany during the so-called normalization, so from the beginning of the 1970s to the fall of the so-called Iron Curtain. The main focus lies on the inter-university partnership between Charles University in Prague and the University of Hamburg, which was concluded in Prague in 1980 and is successfully carried out till today. It was the first cooperation agreement Charles University made with a West German university during the period of the cold war. The thesis analyses, in which way both universities approached the partnership and how the cooperation could be put into practice. The main objective of the text is to find out which dynamics the partnership in the observed period gained and if the cooperation even managed to overcome the original expectations of the main actors considering the given conditions within the domestic and international politics. The examined cooperation is put into a broader context, not only of the development of the Czechoslovak-West German relations but also of the situation within international politics. The partnership was possible to negotiate thanks to bilateral agreements, which arranged the further development of the...

近年因社會經濟產業結構轉變，擇業態度改變，漁船工作具危險性且相較於陸上工作待遇及福利之優勢不再，再加上「少子化」因素，國人從事漁船工作意願低落，外來船員逐漸成為補充漁業勞動力來源，尤其大陸船員語言及文化習慣與國人相近，頗受我國漁船主青睞，惟我國漁船主境外僱用大陸船員陸續所衍生的問題，在漁船主、民間團體及漁政主管機關努力下，終於98年12月22日第四次江陳會談簽署「海峽兩岸漁船船員勞務合作協議」可望獲得解決。 大陸船員引進機制在我國不開放陸勞前提下，維持「境外僱用、境外作業、過境暫置」原則，但就入出國管理角度觀之，大陸船員現行以搭乘兩岸直航客船來臺再搭專車接駁至其他漁港作法，卻與實質入境無異，本研究透過各地區漁船主對大陸船員引進機制意見調查，瞭解漁船主對現行大陸船員引進機制的看法，並藉以提出大陸船員引進機制之建議。 / In the recent years, the industrial structure of social economics has transformed, people’s attitudes of career choice have changed, and the pays and benefits of dangerous works on fishing boats are no longer better than those of works on land. Plus the factor of “low birthrate”, people are not willing to do works on fishing boats in Taiwan. Foreign crew members have graduate become the source of supplementary labors in the fishing industry. Crew members from Mainland China are similar to Taiwanese in the aspects of language and cultural habits. Therefore, they are very preferred by fishing boat owners in Taiwan. However, there have been many issues caused by Taiwanese fishing boat owners hiring crew members from Mainland China. With the efforts put in by fishing boat owners, non-governmental organizations, and fishery management authorities, these issues are expected to be resolved after the “Cross Strait Fishing Boat Crew Affairs Cooperation Agreement” was signed in the Fourth Chen-Chiang Summit on 2009/12/22. Under the premise of not opening up labor from Mainland China, the “offshore employment, offshore operation, and temporary transit arrangement” principle is maintained for the mechanism of Mainland China crew employment. However, in the aspect of entry and exit control, the practice of crew members from Mainland China taking cross-strait direct passenger ships to Taiwan and going to fishing ports by special buses is no difference from actually entering Taiwan. This study explored fishing boat owners’ opinions on the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members through surveys to find out their viewpoints and provide suggestions regarding the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members.

Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é contribuir para a compreensão dos padrões das regras de comércio de serviços propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais, verificando se houve mudanças, se houve repetições desses padrões e quais seriam as causas de um resultado ou outro. O comércio de serviços, após uma assertiva estratégia dos negociadores americanos, entrou para a agenda da Rodada Uruguai de Negociações Comerciais Multilaterais do então GATT e chegou como principal tema nas negociações dos grandes acordos preferenciais de comércio – nomeadamente TPP e TTIP – liderados pelos negociadores americanos. Verifica-se que os padrões em referência espelham uma trajetória traçada a partir de uma campanha também agressiva de organizações e outros agentes, liderados especialmente pelo setor de serviços financeiros, em defesa de seus interesses. Tais atores, que foram essenciais no lançamento dessa agenda, continuaram dando sustentação aos acordos comerciais ao longo de todos esses anos, constituindo os maiores demandeurs a favor da liberalização. Entretanto, os negociadores americanos, se por um lado manifestaram total interesse em realizar ganhos com tal liberalização, alinhando-se a esses demandeurs, por outro, viram-se desde o início desafiados por constrangimentos internos e externos. A argumentação central defendida aqui é que as regras de comércio propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internac... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Submitted by NEUSA MARIA PEREIRA BOJIKIAN null (neusa.bojikian@terra.com.br) on 2017-07-05T16:47:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado VERSAO FINAL.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-12T19:23:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bojikian_nmp_dr_mar.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T19:23:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bojikian_nmp_dr_mar.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta tese é contribuir para a compreensão dos padrões das regras de comércio de serviços propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais, verificando se houve mudanças, se houve repetições desses padrões e quais seriam as causas de um resultado ou outro. O comércio de serviços, após uma assertiva estratégia dos negociadores americanos, entrou para a agenda da Rodada Uruguai de Negociações Comerciais Multilaterais do então GATT e chegou como principal tema nas negociações dos grandes acordos preferenciais de comércio – nomeadamente TPP e TTIP – liderados pelos negociadores americanos. Verifica-se que os padrões em referência espelham uma trajetória traçada a partir de uma campanha também agressiva de organizações e outros agentes, liderados especialmente pelo setor de serviços financeiros, em defesa de seus interesses. Tais atores, que foram essenciais no lançamento dessa agenda, continuaram dando sustentação aos acordos comerciais ao longo de todos esses anos, constituindo os maiores demandeurs a favor da liberalização. Entretanto, os negociadores americanos, se por um lado manifestaram total interesse em realizar ganhos com tal liberalização, alinhando-se a esses demandeurs, por outro, viram-se desde o início desafiados por constrangimentos internos e externos. A argumentação central defendida aqui é que as regras de comércio propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais sobre serviços – especificamente serviços financeiros; serviços de telecomunicações; serviços audiovisuais; serviços de transporte marítimo – no GATS-Rodada Uruguai, mas efetivamente institucionalizadas no NAFTA, em função das circunstâncias adversas enfrentadas pelo México, resultaram das demandas de vários atores privados e públicos e foram moldadas dentro dos limites institucionais existentes. Tal institucionalização, ao mesmo tempo em que caracterizou uma resposta dos negociadores americanos ao padrão institucional que estava sendo adotado no GATSRodada Uruguai, tornou-se um padrão que teve influência recorrente e amplamente determinante nas regras resultantes das negociações envolvendo Estados Unidos que surgiram a partir de então. Tais argumentos estão ancorados nos pressupostos da abordagem analítica institucionalista histórica e nos conceitos path dependence, conjuntura crítica, nos mecanismos feedback positivo, sequenciamento e nos conceitos de transformações graduais, que ajudam a identificar o desenvolvimento institucional. / The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the standards of service trade rules proposed and/or adopted by the United States in the context of international trade negotiations, verifying if there were changes, if there were repetitions of these standards and what would be the causes of a result or another. Trade in services, following an assertive strategy of American negotiators, entered the agenda of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations of the then GATT and came up with as the main topic in the negotiations of the major preferential trade agreements – notably TPP and TTIP – led by the American negotiators. The standards in question reflect a path traced from an aggressive campaign of organizations and other agents, led especially by the financial services sector, in defense of their interests. These actors, who were essential in launching this agenda, continued to support trade agreements throughout all these years, making them the largest demandeurs in favor of liberalization. However, the American negotiators, if on the one hand expressed full interest in making gains from such liberalization, by aligning themselves with these demandeurs, on the other, found themselves challenged from the outset by internal and external constraints. The central argument advocated here is that the trade rules proposed and/or adopted by the United States in the context of international trade negotiations on services – specifically financial services; telecommunication services; audiovisual services; maritime transport services – in the Uruguay Round GATS, but effectively institutionalized in NAFTA, due to the adverse circumstances faced by Mexico, resulted from the demands of several private and public actors and were shaped within the existing institutional limits. Such institutionalization, while that featured a response from the American negotiators to institutional standard that was being adopted in the GATS-Uruguay Round, became a pattern that had recurrent and largely determining influence on the rules resulting from the negotiations involving the United States that emerged thereafter. Such arguments are anchored in the assumptions of the historical institutionalist analytical approach and in the concepts of path dependence, critical juncture, in the positive feedback and sequencing mechanisms, and in the concepts of gradual transformations that help identify institutional development.

隨著世界各國開放市場，事業間的競爭已步入國際化，是以競爭法制與政策也必須國際化，然而各國間競爭法規範的調和並未隨著經貿自由化而自然達成。本文點出競爭法與國際接軌的重要性，進一步檢視各國就競爭法案件在單邊、雙邊、複邊等層次將面臨哪些執法上的問題。又因國際反競爭案件越趨頻仍，競爭法主管機關間的合作需求隨之提高，究竟在執法合作上可能面臨哪些困難與限制，未來在合作上發展的趨勢如何，本文將循序漸進加以探討。目前國際間迄未形成一套強勢的競爭法制，世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）亦放棄在杜哈談判回合處理競爭議題，然經貿自由化對國際競爭法制仍持續注入新元素。譬如各國簽訂之自由貿易協定與區域經濟整合，多設有競爭相關章節，並開始關注國營事業涉及的反競爭問題（即競爭中立的問題），此等新發展亦屬本文探討之範圍。 / Along with the trend of trade liberaliztion, the competition among enterprises has gone global. However, the competition rules seem to have no chance to reach international coordination in the near future. This article emphasizes that it’s important for a nation to coordinate its own competition law with other countries. Thus, the issues of competiton law enforcement at unilateral level, bilateral level, plurilateral level, regional level, and mutilateral level are also well discussed in this article. Due to the increasing number of anti-competition cases, the need for enforcement cooperation has risen. As a result, this article spends many efforts on recognizing the restraints and obstacles when cooperating with other competition authorities, trying to find the solutions to the problems of cooperation. Despite the fact that WTO failed to deal with international competition issues, there are many ambitious FTAs and reginal trade agreements trying to make common competition rules, which induce new elements into the field of international competition laws and policies. For exaples, TPP and many FTAs are in the negotiation of competitive neutrality requirement in the draft agreements. Such new development will not be excluded when speaking of international competition laws and policies.

L’accord d’association Algérie-Union Européenne, paraphé à Bruxelles le 19 décembre 2001 et entré en vigueur le 1er septembre 2005, fonde un partenariat en matière des droits de l’homme. Déclenché par la Déclaration de Barcelone du 27 et 28 novembre 1995, il fournit aujourd’hui le modèle le plus complet pour une meilleure mise en œuvre réelle et effective des droits de l’homme dans le cadre des accords d’associations. Inspiré, d’une politique euro-méditerranéenne qui a pour objectif la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme, tel qu’énoncée dans la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, inspire les politiques internes et internationales des parties et constitue un élément essentiel pour la mise en œuvre de l’accord d’association Algérie-UE. Y’a-t-il une réelle mise en œuvre de l’accord d’association Algérie-Union Européenne dans les perspectives du respect des droits de l’homme ? Et quels sont les moyens mis en place? / The Algerian-European association, signed on 19 December 2001 in Brussels and enforced on 1 September 2005, represents a partnership in terms of human rights. Sett off by the Barcelona Declaration of 27 & 28 November 1995, it nowadays serves as the best model for a genuine implementation of human rights in the field of assocation agreements. Inspired by Euro-Mediterranean policy whose objective is the promotion as well as protection of human rights, as stated in the universal declaration of human rights, it affects the parties, domestic and international policies and represents and essential element in the implementation of the Algerian-European association agreement. Is there a genuine implementation of the Algerian-European association agreement in the perspective of the respect of human rights? And what are the means used for that propose?