The thesis uses the case study of software industry development to investigate the role of the state, relationship with the private sectors, and its transformation. Besides, This paper adopts Peter Evans¡¦ ¡§embedded autonomy¡¨ and Linda Weiss¡¦s ¡§governed interdependence theory¡¨ to explain these situations. As far as Taiwan, the state helped develop software industry after 1980s. At that time, there was no software programming or service company in Taiwan. Like the other strategy industry, the state set up the pilot agency, III, to support software industry, but the state didn¡¦t intervene in production. The unique character of software industrial development has been its synchronized globalization among developed and developing world. To out-compete among others in software industry is quite a gap for Taiwan. Besides, Taiwan¡¦s labor cost is higher then India and Mainland China. So, Taiwan has no chance to get the low-level business. In the analysis, the state¡¦s e-government budget didn¡¦t benefit to software industry. The state have no obvious network with society, have no control force to software private sectors, and the state¡¦s capacity was be doubted. So the state only just plays a ¡§husbandry¡¨ ideal-type.

Interdependence theory (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978), one of the most widely used theories in the literature on interpersonal relationships, posits that both partners in a romantic relationships play integral roles in maintaining their relationship. Based in interdependence theory, research on the investment model of commitment (Rusbult, 1980) has revealed that individuals’ greater satisfaction and investments and lower alternatives predict greater commitment to their relationships, and commitment in turn promotes a variety of relationship-maintenance behaviors. However, no past research had examined the role of partners. Across three studies, I examined the notion that partner investments would predict individuals’ commitment above and beyond their own satisfaction, investments, and alternatives. Study 1 found that higher levels of partner investments predicted higher levels of commitment within ongoing marriages. Study 2 provided experimental support by manipulating the degree to which individuals thought their romantic partners would sacrifice for their relationship. Specifically, participants told their partners would sacrifice a great deal reported higher levels of commitment than did those told their partner would sacrifice very little. Further, the perception of partner investments mediated the relationship between the partner investments prime and commitment. Study 3 was a couples study designed to examine both actual and perceived partner investments. Despite failing to provide additional support, the findings can inform designs for future dyadic research. Studies 1 and 2 provided the first evidence of partner effects in the investment model and advance the understanding of relationship functioning by demonstrating how both partners can work to strengthen each others’ commitment.

The present thesis aims to analyse the divine-human relationship in Paul's theology, focusing on Paul's portrayal of the relationship in Romans 1-8. The issue of the divine-human relationship has been treated by multiple Pauline studies with various foci, for instance, the issues of agency, the apocalyptic character of Paul's gospel, the concept of charis, and the covenantal relationship. Nevertheless, these approaches often do not pay sufficient attention to the fact that the divine-human relationship in Romans is not static but exhibits progression and development towards a goal. As a result of this, such studies cannot effectively address the significance of the human agent's role in the relationship, a role which changes at each stage of the relationship's development. In order to offer a different perspective, the present thesis utilises a social psychological theory, namely, interdependence theory (IT). IT offers a consistent analytic framework for diagnosing the interactions in a dyadic relationship in terms of the dependency created by each partner's expectations of outcomes. By deploying IT, we explore several key stages of the divine-human relationship and the direction in which the relationship develops throughout Romans 1-8 in order to highlight the significance of the human partners in the course of the development. The key stages include: betrayal (1.18-3.20), restoration (3.21-26; 5.1-11), the oppressive relationship with Sin (5.12-8.11), and the investment for the future (8.12-39). From our investigation, we conclude that although the foundation of the relationship rests on God's initiative, the divine outworking guides the relationship so that it facilitates mutual participation of the human partners in the restoration and development of the relationship toward the ultimate goal. Another contribution of the present study can be found in our attempt to introduce IT to the field of NT studies through our methodological considerations.

This thesis engages peace studies in a liberalist approach in International Relations. The three main schools of liberalism have their shortage. Democratic peace theory suggests the correlation between democracy and peace, but cannot proof there be a necessary causality between them. Neo-liberal institutionalism claims that international institutions help to assure peace. However, institutions cannot be fair to every country. Interdependent theory claims that closer interdependence could bring peace. Nevertheless, the more interdependent countries are, the more conflicts there are. This thesis applies spontaneous order theory in international peace studies , which stresses the importance of freedom and law-making for keeping the best and free status of human being.

This thesis from a constructivist approach to explore the neoliberal interdependence theory, the structural power of nationalism theory, in constructed out of Mainland China to control the East Asian system, how restricting contact sign, Taiwan and Thailand the opportunities of Economic Cooperation Agreement (ECA). Learned from the theory and data analysis, we know that Thailand is relatively dependent on the extent of Taiwan, and the interdependence of economic and social exchange behavior of multi-track each other. Although the basis of comparative advantage that favor positive contact Taiwan and Thailand signed the ECA and the optimum behavior of integration, limited to the new amendment to Article 190 of the Constitution of Thailand must get Congress to vote on the signing of an international agreement approved by the provisions, as well as the rise of Mainland China in East Asia caused by nationalism asymmetry interdependent the structural power constraints, resulting in consistent sign of Taiwan and Thailand ECA system failure, the phenomenon of zero, contrary to the rules of the market liberal institutionalism theory. How to break through Mainland China in the East Asian the structural power system constructed of path dependence, reversing the international status of Taiwan disadvantage, from the analysis of the theory, competence structure and fieldwork, Taiwan and Thailand signed ECA feasibility contact program with specific practices.

The primary aim of this study is to better understand the link between supportive and influential communication among individuals in romantic relationships and health behavior changes in their partners. Interdependence theory (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959) posits that individuals in relationships may interact in ways that emphasize their interconnected relationship by making behavioral transformations to align their own behavior with their partner (Kelley, 1979). In general, research suggests that behavioral transformations are associated with rewarding relationship outcomes (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003), yet little is known about the communication climate within relationships and why individuals may engage in healthy or unhealthy behaviors for the sake of their relational partners. The present study examines how individuals make health-related transformations and how these transformations- both healthy and unhealthy- are associated with relationship quality, social support, and positive and negative social influence. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy & Cook, 2006) and cross-sectional dyadic data from 169 couples, results indicate that individuals in relationships engage in healthy and unhealthy transformations for their partners and that interdependence theory assumptions can be applied to an interpersonal health communication context. Specifically, being in a supportive relationship was positively associated with health, relationship quality, and healthy behavior transformations. Social influence results were mixed. Positive social influence was associated with an individual's own health, relationship satisfaction, and their partner's health behavior transformations; negative social influence was associated with lower relationship satisfaction and commitment and more frequent unhealthy behavior transformations. Individuals who reported making healthy behavior changes for their partners experienced better relationship quality. Taken together, the results of this study highlight the importance of investigating health behaviors and communication as interdependent components of interpersonal relationships.

This thesis aims to study the relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation in the post Soviet era. The thesis examines the political, military and economic aspects of the relations between these two countries in Eurasia. The thesis argues that economic factors have played a determining role in development of relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation in the post Soviet era. Contrary to the mainstream literature which suggests that the relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation are destined to be conflictual due to the geopolitical factors as well as the traditional distrust between them, the thesis shows that cooperation and trust between these two countries could develop further if both parties continue to take economic relations as the basis for improving their relations. There are six chapters in this thesis. The introductory first chapter is followed by the second chapter on the historical background of the relations between Turkey and the Russia. The third chapter examines the political relations while the fourth chapter discusses the security aspects of relations between these two countries. The fifth chapter explores the economic basis of Turkish-Russian relations in the post Soviet era. The sixth chapter is the conclusion.

Syftet med den här kvalitativa studien var att undersöka, beskriva och analysera hur högstadieelever upplever att bedömning påverkar samarbete vid grupparbete. Studien har ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och för att kunna undersöka elevers upplevelser användes fokusgrupper. Deltagarna var högstadieelever (N=54) och datainsamlingen utfördes i 12 fokusgrupper på tre skolor i två städer. Resultatet illustrerar hur elevers upplevelse av att bli bedömda vid grupparbete kan leda till ett destruktivt samarbete med bedömningsstress och ojämställdhet men även till ett konstruktivt samarbete med gemenskapande och bedömningstillfredsställelse. Eleverna föredrog lärarbedömning framför kamratbedömning och ansåg att lärarbedömning hade störst påverkan på samarbetet vid grupparbete. I diskussionen problematiseras resultatet med hjälp av Social interdependence theory, begreppen social loafing, social facilitation samt genus. Studien bidrar till ökade kunskaper kring hur elever upplever att bedömning vid grupparbete kan leda till ett destruktivt samarbete som kan liknas vid ett samarbete i grupp men även till ett konstruktivt samarbete som kan ses som ett samarbete som grupp.

Denna studie har fokuserat kooperativt lärande, hur elevers betyg påverkas av ett arbetssätt som kooperativt lärande och vilken inverkan metoden har på pedagogernas arbetssätt inom planering och undervisning. Studien är inspirerad av aktionsforskning i samarbete med två undervisande pedagoger för åk 8 i ämnena religion och biologi. Pedagogerna har i sin undervisning testat metoden kooperativt lärande där eleverna har samarbetat indelade i små heterogena grupper. Studien består av en metodkombination innefattande en kvalitativ del med intervjuer med de två pedagogerna och en kvantitativ del bestående av individuellt sluttest för eleverna. I studien ingår även två kontrollklasser i vilka eleverna undervisades utan planerade samarbeten mellan eleverna. Studien utgår från teorin om socialt ömsesidigt beroende. Resultaten från studien visar att pedagogerna har fått syn på elevernas kunskaper genom hela arbetsperioden med kooperativt lärande, vilket har gjort att pedagogerna har kunnat sätta in rätt stöd genom följdfrågor till eleverna tidigt i arbetsprocessen. Dessutom visar studien att pedagogerna fått bra underlag för betygsättning redan innan sluttestet. I det kooperativa arbetssättet beskriver pedagogerna att de inte har behövt sätta in extra anpassningar som till exempel muntligt prov vid det individuella sluttestet. Elevernas betygsresultat på sluttestet och terminsbetyget efter studien visar att i interventionsklasserna har fler elever fått betyget A i jämförelse med kontrollklasserna.

Boksamtal och kooperativt lärande är två lärandemetoder som enligt forskning har en positiv inverkan på elevers engagemang och motivation. Dock visar resultat från tidigare forskning att lärare har svårt att implementera dessa metoder i sin undervisning. Därför är syftet med studien att studera hur svensklärare uppfattar sin undervisningspraktik när de kombinerar boksamtal med kooperativt lärande, samt eventuella hinder och möjligheter som lärarna upplever med denna kombination. Till grund för resultatet ligger svar från intervjuer och loggböcker, där tre svensklärare som är verksamma i årskurs 4–6, fått reflektera kring boksamtal och kooperativt lärande. I studien har vi tagit fram färdiga lektionsupplägg som lärarna fått genomföra i klassrummet. Resultat från studien visar att boksamtal med hjälp av kooperativa strukturer inte endast ger lärare möjlighet att skapa mer variation på boksamtalen, utan också bidrar till ett större engagemang och ökat samarbete hos eleverna. Men för att en implementering ska lyckas behöver lärarna få stöttning genom utbildning och ha en egen vilja att använda dessa. Sammanfattningsvis visardet slutgiltiga resultatet av studien att lärarna upplever fler möjligheter än hinder med att kombinera dessa lärandemetoder. Samtliga lärare uppgav att kombinationen med boksamtal och kooperativt lärande är något de vill fortsätta med i sitt arbete med skönlitteratur.