Introdução: O atendimento nos Serviços de Emergência não está direcionado para a prevenção de agravos, como a ocorrência de úlceras por pressão (UP), visto que é centrado na manutenção da vida e na estabilização das condições hemodinâmicas dos pacientes. Contudo, há evidências de que poucas horas de permanência em leitos de observação são suficientes para o desenvolvimento de UP tornando fundamental a identificação dos pacientes de risco e a adoção precoce de medidas preventivas. Objetivo: Avaliar os custos e a eficácia da implantação de um protocolo de prevenção de UP na Unidade de Pronto Socorro Adulto (PSA) do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP). Método: Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, na modalidade de estudo de caso único. Previamente a implantação do protocolo realizou-se o levantamento dos índices de prevalência e de incidência de UP. Em seguida foi desenvolvido um programa educacional teórico-prático, com ênfase na prevenção de UP, destinado à equipe de enfermagem. Três meses após a implementação do protocolo levantou-se, novamente, os índices de prevalência e de incidência de UP. Para a apuração dos custos diretos foram mapeadas as etapas relativas à aquisição de produtos, acessórios e equipamentos e levantamento dos índices de prevalência e incidência de UP antes e depois da implementação do protocolo. O salário hora/profissional foi multiplicado pelo tempo despendido em cada atividade e o custo unitário dos insumos multiplicado pela quantidade adquirida para a viabilização do protocolo. Resultados: Antes da implantação do protocolo de prevenção de UP, foi obtido o índice de prevalência de 6,67% e de incidência de 3%. Os custos diretos da implantação do protocolo totalizaram R$ 31.870,00 (100%) sendo R$ 11.650,93 (36,56%) relativos às atividades de implementação; R$ 10.102,90 (31,70%) referentes à MOD das enfermeiras que levantaram os índices de prevalência e incidência de UP antes da implantação; R$ 7.079,67 (22,21%) referentes à MOD das enfermeiras que levantaram os índices de prevalência e incidência de UP depois da implementação e R$ 3.036,50 (9,53%) para a aquisição de produtos, acessórios e equipamentos. Após a implementação evidenciou-se a diminuição nos índices de prevalência e de incidência para 0% e 1,38%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O investimento na capacitação teórico-prática dos profissionais de enfermagem e a aquisição de produtos, acessórios e equipamentos, necessários para viabilizar a exequibilidade do protocolo de prevenção, são fatores indissociáveis para o alcance de um resultado eficaz e, consequentemente, melhoria contínua da qualidade da assistência. / Introduction: The care in Emergency Services is not directed at the prevention of diseases, as the occurrence of pressure ulcers (PU), since its focus is based on the maintenance of life and stabilization of hemodynamic conditions of patients. However, there is evidence that a few hours spent in observation beds are sufficient for the development of PU, being important to identify risk patients and the early adoption of preventive measures. Objective: To evaluate the cost and effectiveness for the implementation of a PU prevention protocol in Adult Emergency Services (AES) at the University Hospital of the Universidade de São Paulo (UH-USP). Method: This is quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, with a single case study design. Previously to the protocol implementation, a survey on the prevalence and incidence of PU was carried out. Next, theoretical and practical educational program, with emphasis on prevention of PU, was developed for the nursing staff. Three months after the protocol implementation, again, the prevalence and incidence of PU was assessed. For the calculation of direct costs, the stages related to the acquisition of products, accessories and equipment were mapped, and also a survey on the prevalence and incidence of PU before and after protocol implementation was performed. The hourly wage / professional was multiplied by the time spent on each activity and the unit cost of inputs multiplied by the amount acquired for the viability of the protocol. Results: Before the implementation of PU prevention protocol, the prevalence rate of 6.67% and incidence of 3% were obtained. The direct costs for implementing the protocol amounted to R $ 31.870.00 (100%) being R $ 11.650,93 (36.56%) regarding the implementation of activities; R $ 10.102,90 (31.70%) for the MOD of nurses who raised the prevalence and incidence of UP rate before implementation; R $ 7.079,67 (22.21%) for the MOD of nurses who raised the prevalence and incidence of UP rates after implantation and R $ 3.036,50 (9.53%) for the acquisition of products, accessories and equipment. After implantation it was observed a decrease in prevalence and incidence rates to 0% and 1.38% respectively. Conclusion: Investment in theory and practice training for nurses and the acquisition of products, accessories and equipment necessary to enable the feasibility of the prevention protocol, are factors inextricably linked to achieving an effectively outcome and consequently improving continuous quality of care.

The purpose of this project was to develop an employer handbook to assist them in developing a return to work program for industrially injured workers.

Sweden’s real estate portfolio has a major renovation requirement. A large part of the renovations that need to be carried out are pipe replacement projects. These are major projects and not all housing associations are aware of the extent financial consequences it brings. Therefore, planning in the economy throughout the project are important. This thesis aims at seeing what affects a production estimate to differ from the actual final cost.ÅF infrastructure division thought that their calculations of the estimated cost for production too often differs to the actual final cost. At a first meeting with ÅF, it appeared that there has been discussion and thought for solutions to the problem for some time. The thesis is based on 3 issues that will provide answers on how to make a better production estimate.In order to answer the questions, project managers have been interviewed and literature has been studied. The assigned reference objects have been analyzed and compared in tables. This thesis has resulted in the insight of that the project managers at ÅF are relatively good at estimating the original cost of what the contractor produces for the pipe replacement projects. After the analysis, recommendations have been presented that can be developed and implemented in the ÅF approach to calculate their estimated cost of production even better. By calculating the costs that are not included in the original cost for the contractors in a more methodical manner, based on experience, the production cost can be optimized.The work has been going on for a limited time with delimitations and a selection of projects. The results presented in the report should be applied with caution and awareness about the differences in the projects.

The article analyzes the state of the administrative law institute of public procurement at the present stage, reflects the main problems, focuses on the need to introduce complex contract schemes, presents modern theories and approaches to the modernization of public procurement mechanisms on electronic platforms. In order to improve the institutional and legal regulation in the field of public procurement, new formal institutions are constantly being introduced. Some violation of the legal framework and unstable and chaotic legal framework create the ground for corruption and “control for the sake of control”. The main theory in the field of public procurement is the theory of efficiency which is a political and managerial task for practitioners in the field of public procurement. The legal and regulatory framework governing public procurement should be clear and understandable, promote fairness and eliminate all forms of discrimination and favouritism.The use of an integrated information system to centralize information on public procurement should be recognized as objectively correct and the only correct one. The main problems of electronic trading platforms are: the unclear rental business model; the emergence in procurement of financial relations that are outside the credit and banking regulation; a negative impact on the development of the contract system and corporate procurement, procedural control; etc. Failures of institutional regulation of procurement procedures significantly affect their effectiveness and form a negative public opinion in relation to public procurement. Thus, an effective institutional structure in the field of public procurement on electronic platforms is formed quite slowly, due to the lack of legal entities and government agencies associated with public procurement, appropriate incentives. Fundamental changes in the sphere of public procurement should also contribute to the creation of positive motivation for state and municipal customers. Such promotions should provide the material interest of state customers in budget. / Выпускная квалификационная работа на тему «Административно-правовой институт государственных закупок на электронных площадках: проблемы функционирования и развития» содержит введение, 3 главы, 6 параграфов, включающие 5 рисунков, 2 таблицы, заключение и библиографический список. Научная работа содержит 66 листов машинописного текста, 72 литературных источников. В первой главе «Теоретические основы и исторические предпосылки формирования административно-правового института государственных закупок на электронных площадках» представлена теоретическая база, содержащая понятия и характеристики развития сферы государственных закупок. Во второй главе «Правовое обеспечение административно-правового института государственных закупок на электронных площадках» представлена законодательная основа формирования сферы государственных закупок на электронных площадках, как особенная обеспечивающая деятельность органов государственного управления. В третьей главе «Исследование процесса государственных закупок на электронных площадках» показаны проблемы функционирования административно-правового института государственных закупок. Проведен экспертный опрос как инструмент, позволяющий выявить проблемы в сфере реализации государственных закупок на электронных площадках.

The traditional quality culture in the pharmaceutical industry is driven by the regulatory process of marketing authorisation and manufacturing authorisation. These components of the South African regulatory control system are exclusively technically-orientated, with no managerial focus. This study identifies several quality management principles which could find general application in the pharmaceutical industry. The research compares the current regulatory control system with the total quality concept, and highlights the positive contribution which the total quality approach is able to make in terms of its field of reference; the strategic business value of quality; quality policy formulation; the quality organisational structure; enhanced operations management; and management's control over quality costs, in particular / Economic & Management Sciences / M.Com. (Business Economics)

The traditional quality culture in the pharmaceutical industry is driven by the regulatory process of marketing authorisation and manufacturing authorisation. These components of the South African regulatory control system are exclusively technically-orientated, with no managerial focus. This study identifies several quality management principles which could find general application in the pharmaceutical industry. The research compares the current regulatory control system with the total quality concept, and highlights the positive contribution which the total quality approach is able to make in terms of its field of reference; the strategic business value of quality; quality policy formulation; the quality organisational structure; enhanced operations management; and management's control over quality costs, in particular / Economic and Management Sciences / M.Com. (Business Economics)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo_Ricardo_Carneiro_Barros_Filho.pdf: 1162396 bytes, checksum: 2dbb9e68e0598b336a41e6081fb11993 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / The objective of this work is to identify the variables related to the operational and market aspects that influence the Market Value of the companies from meat and derivatives segment listed in S??o Paulo Stock Exchange over the period 2007 until 2013. The study was developed from the perspective of two theoretical axles. The first was an analysis of Market Value contributions as a useful indicator for determining the fair market value created for shareholders and, therefore, constitute a solid basis for measurement of companies performance. The second was the efficient market hypothesis which considers the information s efficiency or the impact of certain information on pricing assets. The results produced by the model ratified some of the hypotheses in this research, both in individual significance as on some independent variable sign. In addition, the model presented global significance, given by F test, at 5%, with a coefficient of multiple determination adjusted of 9,22% / O objetivo deste trabalho ?? identificar as vari??veis relacionadas aos aspectos operacionais e conjunturais que influenciam o Market Value das empresas do segmento de carnes e derivados listadas na BM&FBovespa, no per??odo de 2007 a 2013. O estudo foi elaborado sob a perspectiva de dois eixos te??ricos. O primeiro foi uma an??lise das contribui????es do Market Value como um indicador ??til para determina????o do valor justo de mercado criado aos acionistas e, portanto, constituindo uma base s??lida para mensura????o do desempenho das empresas. O segundo foi a hip??tese de mercado eficiente que considera a efici??ncia da informa????o ou o impacto de determinadas informa????es na precifica????o dos ativos. O modelo especificado produziu resultados que ratificaram algumas hip??teses da pesquisa, tanto na signific??ncia individual, quanto no sinal de algumas vari??veis independentes. Al??m disso, o modelo apresentou signific??ncia global, dada pelo teste F, a 5%, com um coeficiente de determina????o m??ltiplo ajustado de 9,22%.

As empresas de manufatura, nos dias atuais, estão incessantemente em busca de redução de custos, motivadas pela concorrência e competição, que são características fortes da globalização. No Sistema Toyota de Produção (OHNO, 1988) é ressaltada a questão dos sete desperdícios que podem existir em um processo e que, consequentemente, geram custos no produto sem, contudo agregar valor ao mesmo. Um dos desperdícios mais comumente encontrados são os do fluxo do produto semiacabado (WIP), matéria-prima ou produto acabado. O estudo de Layout visa otimizar a disposição dos recursos dentro de um processo de modo a minimizar, entre outros, o fluxo de materiais. O presente estudo visa apresentar um caso real de uma grande empresa de autopeças na região de Curitiba, PR, que gasta milhões por ano em mudanças de Layout. O objeto de estudo é a linha de montagem de um determinado componente que esta empresa fabrica. Através do uso de Métodos Heurísticos propõe-se uma abordagem para a otimização do Layout desta linha de montagem. Esta abordagem foi dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi resolvido o problema de formação de células (visando melhorar os tempos computacionais, bem como a qualidade da solução), visando associar as máquinas disponíveis às peças a serem fabricadas. Na segunda etapa, resolve-se o problema de otimização do layout, considerando as associações de máquinas às peças feitas na primeira etapa. Nas duas etapas testou-se o uso de uma abordagem meta-heurística (busca tabu) híbrida, bem como o método exato denominado Branch-and-Bound (este na primeira etapa), para resolver o problema. Os resultados encontrados no arranjo físico das máquinas mostraram-se bastante promissores. / Nowadays, the manufacturing enterprises are constantly looking for costs reduction, driven by rivalry and competition, which are strong globalization characteristics. In the Toyota Production System (OHNO, 1988), are highlighted the seven wastes which can exist in a manufacturing process and that, consequently, generate costs to the product without, however, adding value to it. Some commonly found wastes are the work-in-process (WIP), raw material or finished products flow wastes. The layout study aims to optimize the layout of facilities inside a process to minimize, among others, the materials flow. This study aims to present a real case of a huge auto parts manufacturer enterprise located in Curitiba, PR, which spends millions a year on layout changes. The object of study is the assembly line of a specifical component that this company manufactures. Using Heuristic methods, it proposes an approach for the layout optimizing of this assembly line. This approach was divided in two stages: in the first one, the cell formation problem (in order to improve the computational time, as well as the solution quality) was solved in order to associate machines to parts. In the second stage, the layout optimizing problem is solved, considering the combination of machines to parts (made in first stage). In both stages the hybrid meta-heuristics approach (tabu search), as well as the Exact method so called Branch-and-Bound (this on first stage), were tested to solve this problem. The results found on layout of facilities were quite promising.

Nas Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público encontra-se a NBC T 16.11, que visa estabelecer a utilização do Sistema de Informações de Custos no Setor Público (SICSP), em que, pela Portaria no 753/2012 do STN, definiu- se que a sua implantação deveria ocorrer até o final de 2014. Neste contexto, é imprescindível conhecer quais as dificuldades e expectativas que os atores envolvidos nesse processo de implantação possuem e qual a contribuição do SICSP para o desenvolvimento local. Com efeito, este trabalho tem por norte discutir: Qual a percepção dos usuários sobre a importância do Sistema de Informações de Custos no Setor Público para a gestão e desenvolvimento municipal? Assim, para iniciar a discussão, colocou-se como objetivo geral do estudo investigar a percepção dos responsáveis pela implantação do SICSP, quanto à sua contribuição como ferramenta de Gestão e Planejamento para o Desenvolvimento dos respectivos Municípios. A pesquisa se utilizou do questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados em campo. A metodologia da análise de dados aplicada ao questionário se valeu da análise univariada e com o auxílio do teste qui-quadrado, utilizou-se também a análise bivariada. Demonstra-se, por meio da pesquisa de campo, aliada ao referencial teórico, alicerçado pelas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental que, findado o prazo legal de implantação, grande parte dos respondentes ainda não concluíram o processo, mesmo entendendo que o SICSP contribui significativamente para a gestão e desenvolvimento do município. Como resultado e conclusão, nota- se, que há uma carência de pessoal qualificado tecnicamente para a implantação e utilização do SICSP bem como se salienta ainda que o quantitativo de pessoal é insuficiente em muitos dos casos pesquisados. / Norm T16.11 of the Brazilian Accounting Norms (Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade - NBC), regulated through Law regulation no. 753/2012 of the National Treasury Department, is applied to the Public Sector and provides rules for the Public Sector Cost Information System determining that its implantation should have been effective until the end of 2014. In such context, it is indispensable to know the difficulties and expectations facing the people involved in the implantation process, as well as the Public Sector Cost Information System contribution to local development. Thus, the present work aims at discussing if users understand the importance of the Public Sector Cost Information System to municipal management and development. The study general objective is to investigate if people in charge of implanting the Public Sector Cost Information System see it as a management and planning tool to help municipality development. The study field research methodology used questionnaires as data collection tool. Data analysis= was performed using univariate analysis with the help of chi-squared test and bivariate analysis. Based on the field research, that was associated to a theoretical referential and to bibliographic and documental researches, we inferred that although the legal implantation term have expired, most of the interviewed have not yet completed the process, even though they understood that the Public Sector Cost Information System contributes significantly to improve municipality management and development. The study conclusion is that there is a lack of technically qualified personnel to implant and use the Public Sector Cost Information System. We also highlight that in most of the study cases personnel qualification is unsatisfactory.

As empresas de manufatura, nos dias atuais, estão incessantemente em busca de redução de custos, motivadas pela concorrência e competição, que são características fortes da globalização. No Sistema Toyota de Produção (OHNO, 1988) é ressaltada a questão dos sete desperdícios que podem existir em um processo e que, consequentemente, geram custos no produto sem, contudo agregar valor ao mesmo. Um dos desperdícios mais comumente encontrados são os do fluxo do produto semiacabado (WIP), matéria-prima ou produto acabado. O estudo de Layout visa otimizar a disposição dos recursos dentro de um processo de modo a minimizar, entre outros, o fluxo de materiais. O presente estudo visa apresentar um caso real de uma grande empresa de autopeças na região de Curitiba, PR, que gasta milhões por ano em mudanças de Layout. O objeto de estudo é a linha de montagem de um determinado componente que esta empresa fabrica. Através do uso de Métodos Heurísticos propõe-se uma abordagem para a otimização do Layout desta linha de montagem. Esta abordagem foi dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi resolvido o problema de formação de células (visando melhorar os tempos computacionais, bem como a qualidade da solução), visando associar as máquinas disponíveis às peças a serem fabricadas. Na segunda etapa, resolve-se o problema de otimização do layout, considerando as associações de máquinas às peças feitas na primeira etapa. Nas duas etapas testou-se o uso de uma abordagem meta-heurística (busca tabu) híbrida, bem como o método exato denominado Branch-and-Bound (este na primeira etapa), para resolver o problema. Os resultados encontrados no arranjo físico das máquinas mostraram-se bastante promissores. / Nowadays, the manufacturing enterprises are constantly looking for costs reduction, driven by rivalry and competition, which are strong globalization characteristics. In the Toyota Production System (OHNO, 1988), are highlighted the seven wastes which can exist in a manufacturing process and that, consequently, generate costs to the product without, however, adding value to it. Some commonly found wastes are the work-in-process (WIP), raw material or finished products flow wastes. The layout study aims to optimize the layout of facilities inside a process to minimize, among others, the materials flow. This study aims to present a real case of a huge auto parts manufacturer enterprise located in Curitiba, PR, which spends millions a year on layout changes. The object of study is the assembly line of a specifical component that this company manufactures. Using Heuristic methods, it proposes an approach for the layout optimizing of this assembly line. This approach was divided in two stages: in the first one, the cell formation problem (in order to improve the computational time, as well as the solution quality) was solved in order to associate machines to parts. In the second stage, the layout optimizing problem is solved, considering the combination of machines to parts (made in first stage). In both stages the hybrid meta-heuristics approach (tabu search), as well as the Exact method so called Branch-and-Bound (this on first stage), were tested to solve this problem. The results found on layout of facilities were quite promising.