This thesis contains two main results. The first is a comparison formula for the Donaldson-Thomas invariants of two (complex, smooth and projective) Calabi-Yau threefolds related by a flop; the second is a proof of the projective case of the Crepant Resolution Conjecture for Donaldson-Thomas invariants, as stated by Bryan, Cadman and Young. Both results rely on Bridgeland’s category of perverse coherent sheaves, which is the heart of a t-structure in the derived category of the given Calabi-Yau variety. The first formula is a consequence of various identities in an appropriate motivic Hall algebra followed by an implementation of the integration morphism (using the technology of Joyce and Song). Our proof of the crepant resolution conjecture is a quick and elegant application of the first formula in the context of the derived McKay correspondence of Bridgeland, King and Reid. The first chapter is introductory and is followed by two chapters of background material. The last two chapters are devoted to the proofs of the main results.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Naiqian Zhang / One of precision agriculture researches currently focuses on the relationship between plant phenotype, genotype, and ambient environment, including critical investigations of a multi-sensor-integrated phenotyping platform and data mining technology for big data. This study examined the designs of two phenotyping platforms and developed machine vision (MV) technology to estimate wheat growth status and count wheat head. The GreenSeeker, an infrared thermometer (IRT), a web camera, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver were integrated into one handheld phenotyping platform, named as Phenocorn. The Phenocorn allowed simultaneous collection of the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and canopy temperature (CT) with precise assignment of all measurements to plot location by GPS data points. The Phenocorn was tested using a field trial of 10 historical and current elite wheat (Triticum aestivium) breeding lines at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Results showed that the NDVI data, PVC (percent vegetation coverage) data, and temperature data obtained by the handheld phenocorn could availably reflect the wheat growing status in the field, and the handheld phenocorn could be used as an instrument to do plant phenotyping information collection. This study also used the modular design method to design the mechanical structures of a robot-based phenotyping platform, named as Phenorobot. Its control system was based on a Controller Area Network (CAN bus). The basic function performances such as steering function, lifter load, and movement features were tested in the laboratory. Proposed design indicators were achieved, demonstrating its potential utilization for field experiments. Image acquisition is one of the main data collection methods for plant phenotyping research. The method for extracting plant phenotyping traits based on MV was explored in this research. Experiments for detecting the wheat development based on the images taken in the field were designed and carried out from March to June 2015, and a method based on color analysis to estimate percent vegetation coverage (PVC) of wheat was developed. A wheat growth model based on the PVC was used for the wheat growth status analysis. In addition, a wheat head counting method was developed and divided into three steps: wheat head image segmentation, leaf debris elimination, and wheat head counting. This paper proposes the first wheat head counting model (WCM) based on the pixels group measurement of wheat heads. Compared to the Joint Points Counting (JPC) method (Liu et al., 2014) and the Wheatear Shape Index (WSI) method (Frédéric et al., 2012), the WCM more accurately counted wheat heads from images taken in the experiments.

The applicability of an isotopically labelled assay system to determine the lipase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. Supernatant from cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in a medium containing olive oil was incubated with a substrate containing labelled trioleate. Fatty acids were isolated by means of a liquid-liquid partition system. Enzyme activity was determined by measuring the amounts of free fatty acid by liquid scintillation counting. Findings indicate that the isotopicallylabelled, liquid-liquid partitioning assay is reliable, sensitive and adaptable to rapid assay conditions. It was also determined that different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce varying amounts of lipase. Partial purification of supernatant by gel filtration produced two protein peaks showing enzymatic activity.

Cette thèse porte sur des propriétés arithmétiques des fonctions méromorphes et transcendantes d'une variable. Dans le chapitre 3, nous définissons des mesures de transcendance pour les fonctions holomorphes et méromorphes sur un domaine régulier de C puis nous majorons ces mesures en fonction de la distribution des petites valeurs de la fonction étudiée.Grâce aux théories de Nevanlinna et d'Ahlfors, nous étudions dans le chapitre 4 la distribution des petites valeurs de certaines classes de fonctions méromorphes sur D ou C afin d'obtenir pour celles-ci des majorations explicites de leurs mesures de transcendance. L'application principale de ce travail est l'obtention de nouveaux lemmes de zéros polynomiaux pour de grandes familles de fonctions méromorphes et en particulier pour les fonctions de Weierstrass et les fonctions fuchsiennes. Dans le chapitre 5, nous montrons que ces lemmes de zéros polynomiaux conduisent à des bornes logarithmiques du nombre de points algébriques de degré et hauteur bornée contenus dans les graphes des fonctions étudiées. / This PhD thesis is about some arithmetic properties of meromorphic functions of one variable.In chapter 3, we define the transcendental measures for holomorphic and meromorphic functions on a regular domain of C, then we obtain upper bounds of these measures in terms of the distribution of small values of the function.Thanks to the Nevanlinna and Ahlfors theories, we study in chapter 4 the distribution of small values of some classes of meromorphic functions on D or C in order to obtain explicit upper bounds of transcendental measures.The main application of this work is the demonstration of new polynomial zero estimates for large classes of meromorphic functions, in particular for Weierstrass functions and fuchsian functions.In chapter 5, we prove that polynomial zero estimates lead to logarithmic bounds of the number of algebraic points of bounded degree and height contained in the graph of the function.

COELHO-BARROS, E. A. Analise estatstica para dados de contagem longitudinais na presenca de covariaveis: Aplicações na area medica. Dissertação (mestrado) - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brasil, 2009. Dados de contagem ao longo do tempo na presenca de covariaveis são muito comuns em estudos na area da saude coletiva, por exemplo; numero de doenças que uma pessoa, com alguma caracteristica especifica, adquiriu ao longo de um período de tempo; numero de internações hospitalares em um período de tempo, devido a algum tipo de doença; numero de doadores de orgãos em um período de tempo. Nesse trabalho são apresentados diferentes modelos estatsticos de\\fragilidade\" de Poisson para a analise estatística de dados de contagem longitudinais. Teoricamente, a distribuição de Poisson exige que a media seja igual a variância, quando isto não ocorre tem-se a presenca de uma variabilidade extra-Poisson. Os modelos estatsticos propostos nesta dissertação incorporam a variabilidade extra-Poisson e capturam uma possvel correlação entre as contagens para o mesmo indivduo. Para cada modelo foi feito uma analise Bayesiana Hierarquica considerando os metodos MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo). Utilizando bancos de dados reais, cedidos por pesquisadores auxiliados pelo CEMEQ (Centro de Metodos Quantitativos, USP/FMRP), foram discutidos alguns aspectos de discriminação Bayesiana para a escolha do melhor modelo. Um exemplo de banco de dados reais, discutido na Seção 4 dessa dissertação, que se encaixa na area da saude coletiva, e composto de um estudo prospectivo, aberto e randomizado, realizado em pacientes infectados pelo HIV que procuraram atendimento na Unidade Especial de Terapia de Doencas Infecciosas (UETDI) do Hospital das Clnicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP). Os esquemas terapêuticos estudados consistiam em zidovudina e lamivudina, associadas ao efavirenz ou lopinavir. Entre setembro de 2004 e maio de 2006 foram avaliados 66 pacientes, sendo 43 deles includos no estudo. Destes, 39 participantes alcançaram a semana 24 de acompanhamento, enquanto 27 atingiram a semana 48. Os grupos de pacientes apresentavam características basais semelhantes, quanto a idade, sexo, mediana de CD4 e carga viral. O interesse desse experimento e estudar a contagem de CD4 considerando os dois esquemas terapêuticos (efavirenz e lopinavir). / COELHO-BARROS, E. A. Analise estatstica para dados de contagem longitudinais na presenca de covariaveis: Aplicac~oes na area medica. Dissertac~ao (mestrado) - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir~ao Preto - USP, Ribeir~ao Preto - SP - Brasil, 2009. Longitudinal counting data in the presence of covariates is very common in many applications, especially considering medical data. In this work we present dierent \\frailty\"models to analyze longitudinal Poisson data in the presence of covariates. These models incorporate the extra-Poisson variability and the possible correlation among the repeated counting data for each individual. A hierarchical Bayesian analysis is introduced for each dierent model considering usual MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods. Considering reals biological data set (obtained from CEMEQ, Medical School of Ribeir~ao Preto, University of S~ao Paulo, Brazil), we also discuss some Bayesian discrimination aspects for the choice of the best model. In Section 4 is considering a data set related to an open prospective and randomized study, considering of HIV infected patients, free of treatments, which entered the Infection Diseases Therapy Special Unit (UETDI) of the Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeir~ao Preto, University of S~ao Paulo (HCFMRP-USP). The therapeutic treatments consisted of the drugs Zidovudine and Lamivudine, associated to Efavirenz and Lopinavir. The data set was related to 66 patients followed from September, 2004 to may, 2006, from which, 43 were included in the study. The patients groups presented similar basal characteristics in terms of sex, age, CD4 counting median and viral load. The main goal of this study was to compare the CD4 cells counting for the two treatments, based on the drugs Efavirenz and Lopinavir, recently adopted as preferencial for the initial treatment of the disease.

Neste trabalho, estudamos alguns números e procedimentos que facilitam na solução de problemas no campo da contagem, sendo esses: O Princípio da Inclusão e Exclusão, Triângulo de Pascal, Binômios de Newton, números binomiais e multinomiais, números de funções, permutações, grafos, números de Stirling, lemas de Kaplansky e sequência de Fibonacci. / We studied some numbers and procedures that facilitate the solution of problems in the field of counting, these being: The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, Pascal\'s Triangle, Newton binomial, binomial and multinomial numbers, numbers of functions, permutations, graphs, Stirling numbers, slogans Kaplansky and the Fibonacci sequence.

A lesão central de células gigantes (LCCG) é uma afecção benigna dos maxilares, de comportamento biológico incerto, variando de discreta tumefação assintomática e de crescimento lento à uma forma agressiva, associada a dor, reabsorção radicular e óssea, com destruição cortical. Sua etiologia permanece desconhecida, havendo controvérsias entre processo reacional, neoplásico ou genético. Mutações no gene SH3BP2 foram identificadas em pacientes com querubismo, condição que compartilha várias características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas com a LCCG. Para testar a hipótese de que tais mutações seriam responsáveis por, ou estariam associadas a LCCG e na tentativa de melhor entender a diferenciação microscópica/morfométrica das lesões agressivas e não agressivas, vinte e cinco pacientes portadores de LCCG foram selecionados para o estudo. O DNA foi obtido através do sangue e de espécimes em blocos de parafina, oriundos de biópsias e tratamento cirúrgico. Um estudo microscópico morfométrico foi paralelamente realizado, para avaliar o número de células gigantes e densidade de volume das mesmas nas lesões agressivas e não agressivas. O sequenciamento genético dos treze exons do gene SH3BP2 nos vinte e cinco pacientes estudados evidenciou uma alteração no códon do exon 4 em 10 pacientes. A densidade de volume de células gigantes foi maior nas lesões agressivas quando comparadas às não agressivas (p=0,013). Não houve diferença significante quanto ao número de células gigantes/mm2 em lesões agressivas e não agressivas (p =0,245). / Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) is a benign disease of the jaws, with uncertain behavior, ranging from mild asymptomatic slow-growing swelling to an aggressive form, with pain, radicular and bone resorption and cortical destruction. Its aetiology is still unknown and there is discussion whether it is a reactive, neoplastic or genetic disease. Mutations on gene SH3BP3 were identified in patients with cherubism, which shares several clinical, radiographic and histopathological features with CGCL. In order to test the hypothesis that such mutations would be responsible for or would be related to CGCL and also in order to better understand microscopic morphometric differentiation of the aggressive and non-aggressive lesions, 25 patients with CGCL were selected to this study. DNA was extracted from blood samples and from tissue samples, obtained by biopsy or surgical treatment. Microscopic morphometric assessment was also performed, in order to evaluate the number and the volume density of the giant cells in aggressive and in non-aggressive lesions. Gene sequencing of all 13 exons in gene SH3BP3, performed on each of the 25 patients, showed an alteration in one codon from exon 4, in ten patients. Volume density of giant cells was greater in aggressive lesions than in non-aggressive ones (p=0,013). There was no significant difference on the number of giant cells per mm2 when comparing aggressive and non-aggressive lesions.

Le comptage de points de courbes algébriques est une primitive essentielle en théorie des nombres, avec des applications en cryptographie, en géométrie arithmétique et pour les codes correcteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au cas de courbes hyperelliptiques définies sur des corps finis de grande caractéristique $p$. Dans ce cas de figure, les algorithmes dérivés de ceux de Schoof et Pila sont actuellement les plus adaptés car leur complexité est polynomiale en $\log p$. En revanche, la dépendance en le genre $g$ de la courbe est exponentielle et se fait cruellement sentir même pour $g=3$. Nos contributions consistent principalement à obtenir de nouvelles bornes pour la dépendance en $g$ de l'exposant de $\log p$. Dans le cas de courbes hyperelliptiques, de précédents travaux donnaient une borne quasi-quadratique que nous avons pu ramener à linéaire, et même constante dans le cas très particuliers de familles de courbes dites à multiplication réelle (RM). En genre $3$, nous avons proposé un algorithme inspiré de ceux de Schoof et de Gaudry-Harley-Schost dont la complexité, en général prohibitive, devient très raisonnable dans le cas de courbes RM. Nous avons ainsi pu réaliser des expériences pratiques et compter les points d'une courbe hyperelliptique de genre $3$ pour un $p$ de 64 bits / Counting points on algebraic curves has drawn a lot of attention due to its many applications from number theory and arithmetic geometry to cryptography and coding theory. In this thesis, we focus on counting points on hyperelliptic curves over finite fields of large characteristic $p$. In this setting, the most suitable algorithms are currently those of Schoof and Pila, because their complexities are polynomial in $\log q$. However, their dependency in the genus $g$ of the curve is exponential, and this is already painful even in genus 3. Our contributions mainly consist of establishing new complexity bounds with a smaller dependency in $g$ of the exponent of $\log p$. For hyperelliptic curves, previous work showed that it was quasi-quadratic, and we reduced it to a linear dependency. Restricting to more special families of hyperelliptic curves with explicit real multiplication (RM), we obtained a constant bound for this exponent.In genus 3, we proposed an algorithm based on those of Schoof and Gaudry-Harley-Schost whose complexity is prohibitive in general, but turns out to be reasonable when the input curves have explicit RM. In this more favorable case, we were able to count points on a hyperelliptic curve defined over a 64-bit prime field

O problema de contagem de pessoas em uma determinada região é de grande importância, e tem várias aplicações, tais como: planejamento dos serviços fornecidos por cinemas, shoppings centers, companhias de ônibus, assim como para o monitoramento do tráfego de pedestres em áreas urbanas. A necessidade de se conceber sistemas confiáveis capazes de contabilizar, em tempo real, o número de pessoas circulando em uma determinada região tem sido evidenciado por essas aplicações. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de baixo custo para a estimação do fluxo multidirecional de pedestres, em ambientes abertos e não restritos, baseado na seqüência de imagens digitais, capturadas por uma única câmera vídeo tipo WEBCAM. A câmera é colocada na vertical do espaço a ser monitorado e conectada a um PC através da porta USB. A metodologia tem como base o trabalho desenvolvido por Pádua (2002) e utiliza o algoritmo proposto em Lucas e Kanade (1981) que computa o fluxo óptico das imagens capturadas pela câmera. Uma análise espaço-temporal desse fluxo é realizada para determinar o fluxo multidirecional dos pedestres. / The problem in counting people in restricted area is of great importance in planning the services offered by cinemas, malls and bus companies and also for controlling pedestrians traffic in urban areas. These applications have evinced the need for developing reliable real time systems capable of counting pedestrians in regions of interest. This work presents a low cost system for estimating the multidirectional flow of pedestrians in open areas and non-restricted areas. This system has only one WEBCAM placed in a vertical position in the area to be monitored. This camera is connected to the PC computer system through the USB port. The methodology is based in the work developed by Pádua (2002) and in the algorithm proposed by Lucas e Kanade (1981) that computerizes the optical flow of the images acquired by the stationary camera. The multidirectional flow is estimated by the temporal-space analysis of this optical flow

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Albernaz M C Guimaraes.pdf: 6220100 bytes, checksum: c404e9dfaf460e8d6dbaf51d0ba83a2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / The objectives of this research were to identify and describe component behaviors and prerequisites involved in the mathematical behavior of counting, propose a hierarchical sequence for the acquisition of counting behavior and evaluate the suitability of the proposed hierarchical sequence. Hence, two studies were proposed. Study (1) is a research throughout the existing literature to identify and describe components behavior and prerequisites of counting. Three components of counting were identified regularly, namely: one-one correspondence, intraverbal of the number sequence and cardinality. As a result of Study (1) a hierarchical sequence, following the proposition Resnick, Wang, and Kaplan (1973), was developed. For each of the three components, prerequisites behaviors were established. In Study (2), we sought to evaluate the adequacy of the hierarchical sequence proposed in Study (1). Participants were 13 children with an average age of 4 ½ years of age. The process included teaching and testing steps related to the hierarchical sequence of counting behavior, as well as pre and post test involving supposedly more complex behavior such as sets comparison and arithmetic. The adequacy test of the hierarchical sequence was conducted in four distinct stages: 1) initial test; 2) test after teaching component A; 3) test after teaching component B; and 4) test after teaching component C. The method used was escale analysis in which performance of each participant was recorded in terms of approval (+) or failure (-) in the test for each component and prerequisite. The sequence was considered improper for instances where a supposedly more complex behavior was carried out according to the criteria but not its prerequisites. The results showed that the sequence was adequate for most participants in the proposed components and prerequisites. More specifically, this research showed that in the initial application of the hierarchical sequence, component A (one-one correspondence) was the one that most participants results differed. Prerequisites that seemed inadequate in regard to its ordination were A.1.1 (remove objects one by one in random order while assigning a number name to each of the items), C.3.1 (answer the question how many objects there are in a group after adding items in front of the childs) and C.2.1 (producing sets with fingers). For other prerequisites, the results were as expected. The data showed that after teaching, performance of most participants improved in the hierarchical sequence tests. Finally, the results of arithmetic test showed that 8 of 11 participants increased the number of correct answers on questions about sets comparison and all the 11 participants showed increased number of correct answers relating to problem situations, indicating a possible effect of teaching prerequisite counting behaviors upon more complex mathematical behavior. Research limitations on this topic and its importance to practice are discussed / Os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram identificar e descrever comportamentos componentes e pré-requisitos envolvidos no comportamento matemático de contagem, propor uma sequência hierárquica para a aquisição do comportamento de contagem e avaliar a adequação da sequência hierárquica proposta. Para tanto, dois estudos foram desenvolvidos. O Estudo 1 apresenta uma busca na literatura pela identificação e descrição de comportamentos componentes e prérequisitos da contagem. Foram identificados, com regularidade na citação de autores, três componentes da contagem, a saber: correspondência termo a termo, intraverbal de sequência numérica e cardinalidade. Como resultado do Estudo 1, uma sequência hierárquica, seguindo a proposição de Resnick, Wang e Kaplan (1973), foi elaborada. Para cada um dos três componentes, estabeleceram-se comportamentos pré-requisitos. No Estudo 2, buscou-se avaliar a adequação da sequência hierárquica proposta no Estudo 1. Para tanto, participaram desse estudo 13 crianças com média de 4 anos e meio de idade. O procedimento contou com etapas de teste e de ensino referentes à sequência hierárquica do comportamento de contagem, assim como um pré e um pósteste envolvendo comportamentos supostamente mais complexos, como comparação de conjuntos e questões de aritmética. O teste de adequação da sequência hierárquica foi realizado em quatro momentos distintos: 1) teste inicial; 2) teste pós-ensino do componente A; 3) teste pósensino do componente B; e 4) teste pós-ensino do componente C. O método de análise empregado foi escalar, de modo que o desempenho de cada participante foi registrado em termos de aprovação (+) ou de reprovação (-) no teste de cada componente e pré-requisito. Nesse método, a sequência hierárquica é considerada inadequada para ocorrências em que um comportamento supostamente mais complexo é realizado conforme o critério, mas não os seus pré-requisitos. De maneira geral, os resultados mostraram que a sequência foi adequada para a maioria dos participantes nos componentes e pré-requisitos propostos. Os resultados desta pesquisa também mostraram que, na aplicação inicial da sequência hierárquica, o componente A (correspondência termo a termo) foi aquele para o qual mais participantes apresentaram resultados discrepantes com a hipótese de ordenação dos pré-requisitos. Além disso, os prérequisitos que pareceram mais inadequados no que diz respeito à sua ordenação foram o A.1.1 (retirar, um a um, objetos em disposição aleatória atribuindo nome de um número a cada um dos itens), o C.3.1 (responder quantos objetos há em um grupo após a adição de itens [um a três] à sua vista [contagem sem atraso]) e o C.2.1 (produzir conjunto com dedos). Para os demais prérequisitos, os resultados mostraram estar de acordo com a sequência hierárquica proposta. Os dados do ensino mostraram que o desempenho da maioria dos participantes melhorou nos testes de adequação da sequência hierárquica. Por fim, os resultados do pós-teste mostraram que 8 de 11 participantes aumentaram o número de acertos nas questões acerca de comparação de conjuntos e que todos os 11 participantes aumentaram o número de acertos nas questões de aritmética, indicando um possível efeito do ensino dos pré-requisitos de contagem em comportamentos matemáticos mais complexos. Ao fim, discutiram-se as limitações de pesquisa com essa temática e a sua importância para a prática