Background. With the increasing demand for cybersecurity, there is a growing interest in understanding cyber-attack surfaces and vectors. Security Operation Centers (SOCs) play a crucial role in defensive cybersecurity, and Security Informationand Event Management (SIEM) systems are used to monitor and analyze the security status of computer systems. However, SIEM systems face challenges such asdata overload and the need for effective data selection.Objectives. This research aims to develop a method for reducing the number ofsets of Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) processed by SIEM systems while maintaining maximum coverage. The objectives include conducting a literature review onIOCs processing and data reduction, preparing data from the Open Threat Exchange(OTX) platform, developing a method for minimizing IOCs sets, and evaluating theeffectiveness of the proposed solution.Methods. The evaluation of the methods is performed numerically using a FuzzyTable. The research also involves developing a mathematical model that describesthe relationships between different types of IOCs and the possibility of various representations for the same object. The model takes into account weight assignmentto each indicator. Software implementation is carried out. The effectiveness of thedeveloped method is evaluated using metrics such as the coverage of the initial setof IOCs and the data reduction rateResults. Unfortunately, none of the methods fully met all the criteria. Fuzzy logicwas selected as the decision-making approach. A mathematical data model was developed to represent IOCs and associated pulses as sets. Dependencies were described tofilter out duplicate indicators. Implementation was done using the Python programming language. Three algorithms were implemented: Set cover problem, Weightedcoverage maximization, and Budget cover problem. Tests were conducted on theentire data set and subsets to analyze performance. The number of IOCs decreasedfrom 4115 to 3341, representing a reduction of 25.5% to 93% according to the Totaldata reduction metric. Conclusions. Overall, the developed method reduced information and minimizedindicator sources, offering a valuable approach for reducing data in IOC processing.

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The present study proposes a novel approach to Coverage Path Planning for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspired by the Orienteering Problem. The main goal is to develop an algorithm suitable for Search and Rescue Missions, which can produce a search pattern with dynamical constrains, that is not limited to the traditional back-and-forth motion or spiral patterns. This method leads to a more flexible and diverse coverage of the Area of Interest. In order to generate dynamically correct trajectories, we utilize cubic splines as motion primitives to solve the Orienteering Problem. To accomplish this, we implement and test three different types of cubic splines, namely Catmull-Rom, Freya, and B-splines. To determine the coverage of the search area, the sensor's projection (footprint) is evaluated along the spline trajectory onto a costmap. This method accounts for the footprint's orientation and size, which depend on the UAV's attitude to some extent. This version of the Orienteering Problem using splines for dynamical control and calculating coverage, we call the Mapping Motion Orienteering Problem (MMOP). \\The heuristic method Simulated Annealing is used to address the combinatorial challenges of the MMOP, and two cost functions are tested for optimization. The study shows that the choice of spline has a significant impact on the algorithm's efficacy, and B-splines are the most effective in generating dynamic and adaptable trajectories. However, the study also shows that the Simulated Annealing algorithm with identical settings produced varied resulting paths. Finally, further research is needed to solve the challenges faced with the computational time, which heavily depends on factors such as the sampling rate for the footprint along the path and the resolution of the costmap and footprint itself.

Bakgrund: Sponsring är en väsentlig del för företag och ett sätt för dem att nå ut till sina konsumenter genom varumärkesexponering. Genom idrottssponsring har företag därmed möjligheten att bemöta en större publik under en längre period. Det som styr kostnaden för sponsring bygger på den nivå av mediebevakning som den sponsrade enheten besitter. Problematiken bygger påen kunskapslucka där forskning inte har studerat SMEs sponsring i större utsträckning. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka sponsring av av elitidrott, för att urskilja vilken nivå av dessa som ger SMEs största mängd exponering i förhållande till sponsringsinvesteringen. Teori: De teorier som används och presenteras är utgångspunkter och centrala begrepp inom ämnesområdet sponsring som ska bidra till att förstå och analysera materialet. Metod: Studien har formats utifrån en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer där val av studieobjekt utgått från ett mål och kriteriestyrt urval. Slutsats: Sponsring av lägre mediebevakad elitidrott ger SMEs större mängd exponering i förhållande till sponsringsinvestering än vad högre mediebevakad elitidrott. / Background: Sponsorship is an essential part for businesses and a way for them to reach out to their consumers through brand exposure. Through sports sponsorship, companies thus have the opportunity to meet a larger audience for a longer period. What governs the cost of sponsorship is based on the level of media coverage the sponsored entity possesses. The problem is based on a knowledge gap where research has not studied SME sponsorship to agreater extent. Purpose: The aim is to investigate the sponsorship of elite sports, to discern which level of these gives SMEs the greatest amount of exposure in relation to the sponsorship investment. Theory: The theories that are used and presented are starting points and central concepts in the subject area of sponsorship that should contribute to understanding and analyzing the material. Method: The study has been designed based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews where the choice of study object was based on a goal and criteria-driven selection. Conclusion: Sponsorship of elite sports with lower media coverage gives SMEs greater amount of exposure in relation to sponsorship investment than elite sports with higher media coverage

Head and facial injuries constitute a substantial portion of bicyclist injuries. Helmets reduce bicyclists' head and facial injuries, but not to the same extent for all injury types and locations. Current safety standards for bicycle helmets around the world, including EN1078 (Europe), CPSC 16 CFR 1203 (United States), JIS T8134 (Japan), AS/NZS 2063 (Australia and New Zealand) and GB 24429 (China), prescribe a standard test line or area for impact attenuation assessment that has limited coverage to head and face. The middle and lower part of the face, which are not protected by most existing helmet designs, are susceptible to soft tissue injuries, fractures and mandibular loading that can cause diffuse brain injury and basilar skull fracture. This study aims to quantify bicyclist head impact locations based on the Germ.an In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Knowing which part of the head is impacted most frequently can inform future test method development and helmet designs beyond existing standards requirement. [from Introduction]

Water quality regulations are always expanding especially in the field of water quality monitoring; however, threats to our water distribution systems still remain. Components of water distribution systems are susceptible to intentional and accidental contamination; therefore, they represent highly vulnerable aspects of our vital infrastructure. An analysis was performed on a city in California with a population of 30,000 to 40,000 residents. The analysis is performed to determine the optimal locations of monitoring stations throughout the water distribution system. The method presented by Liu and colleagues (Liu et al, 2012) selects the optimal monitoring locations for the virtual California city using the Demand Coverage Index (DCI) method. In order to study small scale systems which are typically more vulnerable to tampering, the method attempts to use the virtual city to show the effectiveness of the DCI method and how it can be implemented on smaller water distribution systems (WDS). The analysis results lay out a number of monitoring stations that should be used to prevent a large scale contamination event from occurring. The number of monitoring stations will vary depending on funding for water infrastructure and coverage requirements. The results represent an outline for improving the effectiveness of the monitoring capabilities in the WDS. The monitoring stations increase the resilience of the WDS from potential terrorist sabotage and mitigate potential outbreaks due to microorganisms, pipeline leaks, or hazardous chemicals entering the WDS.

Traditional wireless site surveys produce a heat-map of link strength or quality over a target area, usually on the ground plane. In recent years research has gone into using aerial drones in network attack and surveillance, making three dimensional awareness of wireless coverage areas of interest. A multi-rotor drone and data collection module were built and tested as part of this research. Site assessments were conducted both in open space and near structures. Collected data was interpolated across the target area, and visualized as points and contours. These visualizations were exported to a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) for visualization in context. Resulting visualizations proved to be beneficial in identifying the coverage area of both authorized and rogue access points.

Connected Vehicle research has emerged as one of the highest priorities in the transportation systems because connected vehicle technology has the potential to improve safety, mobility, and environment for the current transportation systems. Various connected vehicle based applications have been identified and evaluated through various measurements to assess the performance of connected vehicle applications. However, most of these previous studies have used hypothetical study areas with simple networks for connected vehicle environment. This study represents connected vehicle environment in TRANSIMS to assess the performance of V2V communication applications in the realistic urban network. The communication duration rate and spatial-temporal dispersion of equipped vehicles are investigated to evaluate the capability of V2V communication based on the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and wireless communication coverage in the whole study area. The area coverage level is used to assess the spatial-temporal dispersion of equipped vehicles for two study areas. The distance of incident information propagation and speed estimation error are used to measure the performance of event-driven and periodic applications based on different market penetration rates of equipped vehicles and wireless communication coverage in both morning peak and non-peak times. The wireless communication coverage is the major factor for event-driven application and the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles has more impact on the performance of periodic application. The required minimum levels of deployment for each application are determined for each scenario. These study findings will be useful for making decisions about investments on deployment of connected vehicle applications to improve the current transportation systems. Notably, event-driven applications can be reliably deployed in the initial stage of deployment despite the low level of market penetration of equipped vehicles. / Ph. D.

This thesis provides a systematic literature review in order to accumulate and analyze previous research concerning the role of mass media's coverage of mass shootings in regards to copycats. Previous research indicates mass shootings are crimes where perpetrators take inspiration from one another and subsequently imitate each other. The purpose of this study is to review previous research on this contagion phenomenon to distinguish if there is a correlation between media coverage of mass shooters and copycats based on empirical data. In order to obtain scientifically accurate conclusions to the research questions and the purpose of this thesis, a systematic literature review method has been implemented. The result shows that previous research indicates that there is a correlation between the mass media's coverage of mass shootings and acts of copycats. There are studies presented in this thesis that conclude that some mass shooters openly confess to seeking fame by carrying out a mass shooting and that they receive as much or more media coverage than household celebrities at the time of the shootings. This thesis also concludes that there is evidence to support that after the occurrence of a mass shooting there is an average increase in the probability that another mass shooting takes place within the following 12 days. These findings support identified statistical trends in previous research in the field.  In conclusion, it is of most importance that the media reports responsibly on mass shootings since the implications of the detailed description of events, modus operandi, the firearm used and the amount of news coverage of mass shootings contribute to copycat mass shootings. Keywords: mass shootings, contagion, imitation, copycat, media coverage, fame seeking, mass media

Nyhetsrapporteringen av brott och dess inverkan på läsarnas rädsla för brott har i årtionden studerats som ett socialt problem. Dessa studier indikerar på en relation mellan exponeringen av brottsnyheter och uppkomsten av rädsla för brott. Däremot är forskningen gällande brottsrapportering begränsad och lämnar utrymme för frågor gällande hur bristen på information i porträtteringen av brottsnyheter påverkar rädslan för brott bland läsarna. Denna studie undersöker hur presentationen av brottsnyheter gällande mängden information som tilldelas läsaren ser ut och hur denna rapportering påverkar rädslan för brott bland läsarna. Urvalet för studien består av 900 brottsartiklar, publicerade i två lokaltidningar i Skåne, Sverige. Genom innehållsanalys studeras artiklarna utifrån de teoretiska perspektiven kontrollokus, tillskrivning av ansvar och nedåtriktad jämförelse. Resultaten visar att både information gällande kontexten av en brottshandling samt information gällande egenskaper hos offer och gärningsperson sällan porträtteras i brottsartiklar. Resultatet visar också på att frånvaron av denna information kan påverka läsarnas rädsla för brott. Det antyds att detta beror på upplevelsen av bristen att själv kontrollera brottshändelser samt en bristande förmåga att kunna avgöra sin egen risk för utsatthet för brott. Avslutningsvis föreslås utbildning av journalister i författande metoder som kan minskar risken för rädsla för brott bland läsarna. / The influence of crime news coverage on fear of crime in the audience has for decades been evaluated as a social problem. Indicating a relationship of exposure to crime news and the emergence of fear of crime. However, the research on crime news coverage is limited, and questions remain about how the lack of information in the portrayal of crime in newspaper influences fear of crime among the audience. This study examines the presentation of crime news in newspapers regarding the amount of information provided to the reader, and the influence of this coverage on fear of crime among the readers. The sample consist of 900 crime news articles published in two local newspapers in Skåne, Sweden, and were content analyzed based on previous research, and on theoretical perspectives of Locus of control, Assignment of responsibility, and Downward comparison. The results show that both information regarding the context of the crime incident, and information regarding the characteristics of the victim and offender are rarely portrayed in the crime news. The results also imply that the absence of information, provide in the newspapers, may influence fear of crime among the readers. This is suggested to be due to the lack of ability to control crime events, and to evaluate one´s own risk for victimization. Finally, this study suggests educating newspaper journalist in public health method, which might lead to a decreased risk for fear of crime among the audience.