Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen, 2001. / UMI no. 3030090. Includes bibliographical references (p. 341-373).

Submitted by JOÃO LUIZ MOREIRA DE OLIVEIRA (joaoluiz.jlmo@gmail.com) on 2014-05-22T18:15:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PERÍCIA E INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL.pdf: 1492407 bytes, checksum: 012c7cea24e4a3b8cdd1573f1da05555 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-06-24T16:31:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PERÍCIA E INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL.pdf: 1492407 bytes, checksum: 012c7cea24e4a3b8cdd1573f1da05555 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-07-14T14:42:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PERÍCIA E INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL.pdf: 1492407 bytes, checksum: 012c7cea24e4a3b8cdd1573f1da05555 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-14T14:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PERÍCIA E INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL.pdf: 1492407 bytes, checksum: 012c7cea24e4a3b8cdd1573f1da05555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-21 / The present work discusses a new organizational model for the Criminalistics in which an integrated, harmonic and independent development along with the Police Investigation is possible. It aims at changing the current model, in which Criminalistics has only a limited and punctual presence, to a new one which allows for a parallelism between Criminalistics and Police Investigation. The importance of using Criminalistics as an excellence tool for criminal investigation and fighting impunity in the investigation procedures is also emphasized. The first section presents the main topic, objectives, discussed areas and relevance. Next, a research of previous works related to the topic is presented, including an exposition of the fundamental concepts of Criminalistics and its connections to the Criminal Justice System, aimed at showing its potential in the criminal investigation. The utilized research methodology is then presented, followed by a discussion of the analysis of the criminal investigation procedures and criminalistics, in which the underlying problems are sought for and proposals are made for improving the organizational model. Cases related to the various areas of criminal knowledge are also presented, and the relevance of applying the proposed model highlighted. Finally, this work aims at demonstrating that the implementation of an organizational model in which parallelism, integration and independence are present in the field investigation and criminalistics processes will allow for an optimal development of the criminal investigation and thus the best result, contributing for a greater efficiency of the persecution and criminal justice / O presente estudo trata da discussão de um novo modelo organizacional para a Perícia Criminal no qual seja possível a um só tempo, uma atuação integrada, harmônica e independente em relação à Investigação Policial, de modo a contribuir para alterar o modelo atual em que a Perícia Criminal atua apenas de forma limitada e pontual, para um modelo que permita um paralelismo entre esta e aquela, ressaltando a importância da aplicação da criminalística como ferramenta de excelência na investigação criminal e no combate à impunidade nos procedimentos investigatórios. Inicialmente, são apresentados o tema estudado seus objetivos, delimitação e relevância. Em seguida, é realizado um panorama de trabalhos anteriores relevantes para o tema aqui abordado, incluindo uma sintética exposição dos conceitos basilares da Criminalística e suas interrelações no Sistema de Justiça Criminal de modo a demonstrar o seu potencial no procedimento investigatório. É apresentada então a metodologia de pesquisa utilizada, para, em seguida, discutir-se a análise dos processos de investigação policial e perícia criminal e os resultados da pesquisa exploratória e sua análise, buscando-se identificar os problemas e propor mecanismos de melhoria do modelo organizacional. São apresentados também casos que envolvam áreas diversas do conhecimento pericial, em que se chegou a resultados efetivos graças à aplicação do modelo proposto. Ao final espera-se demonstrar que a implementação de um modelo organizacional em que haja paralelismo, integração e independência dos processos de investigação de campo e perícia técnica possibilitará uma otimização no desenvolvimento e no resultado da investigação criminal, o que contribuirá para uma maior eficiência do sistema de persecução penal e justiça criminal.

The aim of this research is to investigate guidelines for formulating questions to interview applicants of identity documents, for the use of the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) officials during the interviewing of applicants of identity documents. The research further intends to share and introduce a number of important concepts, namely: Interviewing, Crime Investigation, Information, Identity Docu-ment, Immigration Officer, Department, and Case File. The research will explain the objectives of investigation and guidelines for developing proper questions for use by officials of the DHA, to test information on new applicants of identity documents. The object of the investigation is to obtain information to prove the correct techniques on how to interview appli-cants of identity documents. It further explains that criminal investigation can be defined as the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence, to deter-mine what happened and who is responsible. Interviewing is defined as the process of gathering testimonial evidence through interviewing, and it has a predetermined objective, namely discovering the truth about the matter under investigation. It is also explained that during guidelines for formulating relevant questions to use to enable the official or immigration officer to formulate test questions that are clearly understood better by DHA. The relevant questions should be formulated by DHA officials, so that the questions get to the heart of the issue. This can enable the official to avoid applicants submitting fraudulent documents which could later result in litigation. The research will assist in decreasing the high rate of corruption, and also litigation, as these represent the main problem of the research. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

This study was conducted with the aim to research guidelines for uniformed members, detectives, and public witnesses, for use in testifying in court. The researcher reviewed relevant literature, both national and international, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the research problem. The researcher conducted the research on the basis of an empirical design, be-cause it involved going out into the field and ascertaining the personal experiences and knowledge of the participants. The explicit design was considered the most suitable for this research, because the researcher put everything in the open by checking the weak points and the strong points regarding testifying in court. This means that everything was made open, even police testimony. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The research attempts to establish how an identification parade should be conducted, for evidence derived from it to be admissible in court. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for investigators to be familiar with the concept “identification parade”, its purpose, the procedures to conduct it and its values. To achieve the goals and objectives of the practice of an identification parade, investigators must know how to conduct it, what the value of its evidence is, and how to use it as a technique to identify suspects. The direction, by implication, and clarification of the crime situation, is hardly possible without the determination of the identity of the perpetrator or suspect of a criminal act. The recognition of the identification parade as a form of evidence gathered is of the utmost importance. / Criminology and Security Science / Thesis (M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation))

This study investigates the use of personal description as an investigation technique to identify suspects. The study entails qualitative data obtained from interviews with investigators, literature, as well as case studies. The study found that personal description can be used as an investigation technique to identify suspects. There are eight techniques that the investigator should apply in order to identify suspects or perpetrators of a criminal act. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for the criminal investigators to be familiar with the techniques of identification and the application thereof. The description of offenders plays an important role as far as arresting offenders is concerned. The methods used - or to be used - by investigators to describe a person were also discussed. It is important that the investigators should work with other government departments, private investigators and security officials, to implement this technique in order to identify and arrest offenders. / Police Practice / (M. Tech (Forensic Investigation))

The goal of this research was to determine the procedures used for conducting a search and seizure in a tax-related offence in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act, Act 51 of 1977. Aspects that cause problems for the South African Revenue Service (SARS) investigators are the application for a search warrant and the activities that take place before, during and after the search and seizure. An introduction, definition and explanation are given of certain key concepts such as forensic and criminal investigations, as well as their objectives and purpose. The various search methods are also discussed and explained as are the chain of custody and evidence in general. A large part of this research deals with the legal requirements for a search and seizure in a tax-related offence and encompasses issues such as the procedures for obtaining a search warrant, pre-raid briefing, conducting the search, and the seizing of, marking, storage and disposal of documents. The findings of the research are discussed and recommendations subsequently made regarding the shortcomings identified. The findings that were made related to the process and procedure to obtain a search warrant, the actual execution of a search and seizure and the legislation that authorises searches and seizures in taxrelated offences. Further findings were made in respect of the mandate of SARS criminal investigators to investigate, the admissibility of evidence obtained from a search and seizure and the marking, recording, storage and disposal of seized items. Recommendations were made regarding training, improved communication and skills transfer to address the shortcomings identified. / Police Practice / (M.Tech. (Forensic investigation))

Text in Afrikaans / Alhoewel die lokvalstelsel as misdaadbekampingsmetode lank reeds bestaan, is die toepassing daarvan nog altyd kontroversieE!I. Hierdie omstredenheid is die laaste paar jaar op die voorgrond gedryf deur 'n Regskommissie-ondersoek, sowel as deur die aanvaarding van 'n Handves van Menseregte. Ondersoek word ingestel na hierdie omstredenheid deur te kyk na die inhoud en toepassing van die stelsel, sowel as na die rol wat private persona, die polisie en die hot by die stelsel speeL Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die omstredenheid van die stelsel te danke is aan die feit dat dit verband hou met pro-aktiewe regshandhawing, wat in wese bestaan uit die gebruik van misleiding ten einde die pleging van 'n misdaad teweeg te bring. Die probleem met pro-aktiewe regshandhawing is dat dit 'n geleentheid skep vir die uitoefening van polisiediskresie wat grootliks sonder beheer geskied, met potensiele wanoptrede aan die kant van regshandhawers en die ondermyning van die publiek se vertroue in die billikheid van die strafregspleging. Ondersoek word gevolglik ingestel na metodes om diskresie-uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel te regverdig, aangesien daar wei ruimte is vir diskresionere magte wat behoorlik begrens, gestruktureer en gekontroleer is. Die vernaamste metodes van beheer oor diskresie­ uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel, naamlik die uitsluiting van getuienis en weerstand in 'n strafgeding, word grondig ondersoek met verwysing na die Engelse-, Amerikaanse- en Kanadese reg. Dit is egter die uitgangspunt van hierdie proefskrif dat wetgewende strukturering van diskresie-uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel die mees effektiewe oplossing bied vir meeste van die problema van die stelsel. Die enigste aanvaarbare basis waarop die lokvalstelsel kan funksioneer, is om deur middel van wetgewing die trefwydte van toelaatbare lokvaltegnieke en die beperkinge waarbinne regshandhawers regsonderdane mag beweeg om misdade te pleeg, te definieer. Daar is dus 'n behoefte aan die kodifisering van standaarde waaraan voldoen moet word voordat enige lokvaloperasie behoort te begin. / Although the system of trapping has long been used as a method of preventing crime, its employment has always been controversial. In the recent past, this controversy has come to the front due to an investigation by the South African Law Commission and the acceptance of a Bill of Rights. This thesis investigates this controversy by looking at the contents and application of the system, as well as the role which private persons, the police and the court play in the system. The conclusion arrived at, is that the controversy surrounding the system is due to the fact that it has to do with pro-active law enforcement, which consists of the use of deception to induce the performance of a criminal act. The problem with pro-active law enforcement is that it creates an opportunity for the exercise of police discretion which is mainly uncontrolled, with potentialmisconduct on the part of law enforcement officials and the subversion of public trust in the reasonableness of the criminal justice system. Consequently, methods by which the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping can be justified are investigated, since there is room for discretionary powers which are properly circumscribed, structured and controlled. The main methods of control over the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping, namely the exclusion of evidence and a defence in a criminal proceeding, are fully investigated with reference to English, American and Canadian law. Having considered the above, the conclusion is advanced that legislative structuring of the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping offers the most effective solution for most of the problems underlying the system. The only acceptable basis on which the system can function, is to define the scope of acceptable trapping techniques and the confines within which law enforcement officials may prevail on someone to commit a crime. This must be done by means of legislation. Accordingly, there is a need for codification of standards which have to be complied with before any trapping operation may commence. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.D. (Criminal & Procedural Law)

The traditional approach to a digital investigation when a computer system is encountered in a running state is to remove the power, image the machine using a write blocker and then analyse the acquired image. This has the advantage of preserving the contents of the computer’s hard disk at that point in time. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that the preservation of the disk is at the expense of volatile data such as that stored in memory, which does not remain once the power is disconnected. There are an increasing number of situations where this traditional approach of ‘pulling the plug’ is not ideal since volatile data is relevant to the investigation; one of these situations is when the machine under investigation is using encryption. If encrypted data is encountered on a live machine, a live investigation can be performed to preserve this evidence in a form that can be later analysed. However, there are a number of difficulties with using evidence obtained from live investigations that may cause the reliability of such evidence to be questioned. This research investigates whether digital evidence obtained from live investigations involving encryption can be considered to be reliable. To determine this, a means of assessing reliability is established, which involves evaluating digital evidence against a set of criteria; evidence should be authentic, accurate and complete. This research considers how traditional digital investigations satisfy these requirements and then determines the extent to which evidence from live investigations involving encryption can satisfy the same criteria. This research concludes that it is possible for live digital evidence to be considered to be reliable, but that reliability of digital evidence ultimately depends on the specific investigation and the importance of the decision being made. However, the research provides structured criteria that allow the reliability of digital evidence to be assessed, demonstrates the use of these criteria in the context of live digital investigations involving encryption, and shows the extent to which each can currently be met.

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-09-27T12:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOFABRICIOCARLOS.pdf: 1187247 bytes, checksum: 7a5f5be435e09ade15f520faee511e68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-02T17:20:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOFABRICIOCARLOS.pdf: 1187247 bytes, checksum: 7a5f5be435e09ade15f520faee511e68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T17:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOFABRICIOCARLOS.pdf: 1187247 bytes, checksum: 7a5f5be435e09ade15f520faee511e68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-07 / As intervenções policiais com resultado morte de civil constituem tema relevante, atual e constantemente debatido em âmbito nacional. Desta forma, a Segurança Pública, desponta como um dos Direitos Fundamentais carreados no texto constitucional vigente, enquanto a atividade policial militar um de seus desdobramentos para a realização do interesse coletivo. Por isso, revelam-se prementes as bases legais que fundamentam a atuação de Polícia Judiciária Militar e, em particular, pela Coordenação de Polícia Judiciária Militar – CPJM, da Corregedoria Geral da Polícia Militar da Bahia. Desta forma, o presente estudo se dedica à apreciação dos casos registrados na aludida seção no período de 2013 a 2014, desencadeados na Capital baiana. Através da metodologia de cunho exploratório quantitativa potencializou-se a análise do tema, com ênfase ao raciocínio dedutivo das informações obtidas. Por ora, a atuação da referida seção trouxe maior celeridade e qualidade dos inquéritos policiais, constituindo salvaguarda dos interesses da sociedade baiana, consoante preceitos da Constituição Federal de 1988. / Police interventions resulting in the death of civilians are a relevant, current and constantly discussed issue at the national level. In this way, Public Security emerges as one of the Fundamental Rights carried in the current constitutional text, while military police activity is one of its consequences for the realization of collective interest. Therefore, the legal bases that support the activities of the Military Judicial Police and, in particular, the Military Judicial Police Coordination (CPJM), of the General Internal Affairs of the Military Police of Bahia, are of paramount importance. In consequence, this study aims to assess the cases registered in the aforementioned section during the period from 2013 to 2014, unleashed in the Capital of Bahia. Through the quantitative exploratory methodology, the analysis of the topic was strengthened, with emphasis on the deductive reasoning of the information obtained. For the time being, the action of this section brought greater speed and quality of police investigations, constituting a safeguard of the interests of society in Bahia, according to the provisions of the Federal Constitution of 1988.