1 Abstract The aim of this Diploma thesis is to analyse in the most comprehensive way the status, authority and operation of the Public Prosecutor in Preparatory Criminal Proceedings as well as related disputable issues. The investigation of all criminal offenses, the prosecution of persons who have committed them and the supervision over the compliance with the law in the pre-trial proceedings are the core competencies of the prosecutor throughout the criminal proceedings. A public prosecutor, also known as dominus litis or "master of preliminary criminal proceedings", is responsible for the results of the preparatory criminal proceedings, and it is he who puts forward the accusation to court or decides to terminate the prosecution in the preliminary criminal proceedings. The thesis is divided into five main parts which logically follow and are interconnected. The first part is dedicated to the history of the institute of public prosecution, whose current form has been shaped by years of evolution. In the second part, the reader is broadly acquainted with the Public Prosecutor's office. The main points of this part are the disputable constitutional delimitation, the transformation of the Public Prosecutor's office after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the current structure, its administration and...

This diploma thesis deals with the ineffective evidence in the context of criminal procedure in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to provide a coherent interpretation on this topic, analyse current legal framework including its shortcomings and supplement the thesis with a sufficient number of applicable case law. The thesis is systematically divided into three main chapters. The first chapter is a short interpretation of key terms, principles of the law of evidence and fundamental sources of law related to the evidence. The second chapter is crucial for understanding this issue. This chapter is devoted to the evaluation of evidence from the point of view of their legality as well as the possibility of using such as evidence in criminal proceedings subject to the statutory rules on evidence. After a theoretical introduction on absolute and relative inefficiency of evidence, the legality of evidence is described in detail according to five different aspects, which determine legal boundaries of evidence. These five aspects are means of evidence, the subject of evidence, stage of proceedings, the subject-matter of evidence and taking of evidence. Part of this chapter is also dedicated to the issue of whether the inefficiency of evidence has an impact on evidence obtained as a result of...

The public prosecutor in a pre-trial criminal proceedings Abstract The Diploma thesis is concerned with the role of a Public Prosecutor in pre-trial criminal proceedings. The opening part of the thesis introduces the Public Prosecutor's office as a system of authorities of a state, which is established to defend a public interest in criminal proceedings. In this part of the Diploma thesis deals with the scope of authority of the Public Prosecutor's office, the framework of the Public Prosecutor's office and with the questionable issues of the position of the Public Prosecutor's office according to the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the independence of the Public Prosecutor's office. The opening part of the thesis also covers a brief definition of the term the pre-trial criminal proceedings since the core of the activity of the Public Prosecutor lies in this stage of criminal proceedings. The following parts of the thesis are dedicated to a detailed analysis of a role of a Public Prosecutor in pre-trial criminal proceedings based on the valid legislation of the Czech Republic. First, the author deals with general issues of the role of Public Prosecutor in pre-trial criminal proceedings. The Public Prosecutor performs a supervision in pre-trial criminal proceedins. The supervision in preparatory...

O foro especial criminal por prerrogativa de função é frequentemente criticado tanto pelo tratamento diferenciado conferido aos acusados, como pelas dificuldades de sua operacionalização, uma vez que o modo de ser da respectiva ação penal, com todas as suas particularidades, retarda a tramitação, fere importantes princípios do processo penal e, invariavelmente, confere ao processo a pecha de instrumento de impunidade. O presente estudo buscará, inicialmente, a partir de um resgate histórico, apresentar de que forma o discurso da prerrogativa de foro, com enunciados firmados desde a Grécia antiga e bastante influenciado pelos dogmas do Direito Canônico (privilegium fori), enraizou-se no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e se transformou em uma verdade paradigmática com cruciais reflexos no procedimento penal. Em seguida, serão analisados os inúmeros obstáculos existentes na tramitação da ação penal originária, entre eles a estrutura física dos Tribunais, a ausência de especialização de servidores e magistrados, a possibilidade de frequentes deslocamentos de competência, o alto custo do processo, o distanciamento do julgador em relação à instrução processual e a ausência de duplo grau de jurisdição. Ao final, não prevalecendo as várias propostas legislativas já existentes para abolir a aludida competência especial, será proposta a criação de um instituto processual alternativo apto, ao menos, a inibir a aplicação banalizada da prerrogativa de foro e adequar o processo a um modelo que, assegurando o eficaz exercício das garantias processuais, possa resolver o conflito em tempo razoável e de forma menos custosa, para que o processo não seja fonte perene de decepções, tampouco permita o desgaste da legitimidade do sistema jurídico nacional. / The prerogative institute is often criticized by the differential treatment given to the accused, but also due to the difficulties of its implementation, since the "mode of being" of the respective criminal action, with all its peculiarities, slows down the processing, hurts important principles of criminal procedure and invariably gives the fame of impunity instrument. Initially, this study will seek, through historical research, to present how the speech of the forum prerogative, with statements signed from ancient Greece and greatly influenced by the tenets of Canon Law (privilegium fori), took root in the Brazilian legal system and turned into a rationalist truth with crucial (and harmful) consequences in criminal proceedings. In sequency, will be analyzed numerous obstacles for the prosecuting of the criminal case, including the physical structure of the Courts, the absence of specialized servers and magistrates, the possibility of frequent desclocamentos of competence, the high cost of the process, the distance of judge and the absence of double jurisdiction. At the end, despite the already existing legislative proposals to abolish the institute of forum prerogative, will be proposed an alternative procedural institute able, at least, to inhibit trivialized application of the forum prerogative and bring the process to a model that, ensuring the effective exercise of procedural safeguards, can resolve the jurisditional conflict in a reasonable time and less costly, so it's not a perennial source of disappointment, nor allow the erosion of legitimacy of the national legal system.

Submitted by DANILO DA CUNHA SOUSA (danilojur@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-05T21:35:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANILO DA CUNHA SOUSA.pdf: 1274015 bytes, checksum: 7fd26eb35e8caaeb5cf68a3bd2c17f0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-02-06T15:45:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_DC_me_fran.pdf: 1274015 bytes, checksum: 7fd26eb35e8caaeb5cf68a3bd2c17f0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T15:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_DC_me_fran.pdf: 1274015 bytes, checksum: 7fd26eb35e8caaeb5cf68a3bd2c17f0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / O modelo de processo penal está intimamente associado à evolução dos regimes políticos ao longo da História. Em períodos totalitários, predomina o modelo inquisitivo-utilitarista, em que o processo é voltado para a obtenção de sentença penal condenatória em favor do Estado. Em Estados democráticos, o processo penal segue o modelo acusatório-garantista, em que se estabelecem direitos e garantias fundamentais em favor do acusado, reconhecido como sujeito hipossuficiente da relação jurídica-processual. A Constituição Federal, ao instituir o Estado Democrático de Direito, adotou modelo de processo penal acusatório-garantista e que deve ser, portanto, seguido pelo legislador ordinário na elaboração das normas e pelo juiz ao aplicá-las. Ocorre que o fenômeno do crime organizado, apesar de não reconhecido como categoria própria por parte da doutrina, coloca em risco bens jurídicos relevantes à sociedade, como a própria democracia e, diante da sua complexidade, os meios tradicionais de prova não são capazes de lhe dar resposta, o que exige a elaboração de meios de prova específicos à sua persecução. No Brasil, atualmente, os meios de prova do crime organizado estão regulamentados na Lei n. 12.850/2013. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar a constitucionalidade desses meios de prova, que implicam ampliação das prerrogativas do Estado e relativização dos direitos fundamentais do acusado. O exame se dará na forma com que cada meio de prova foi disciplinado na referida Lei. A metodologia procedimental é bibliográfica e o método de abordagem é o hipotético-dedutivo. Ao se assumir a necessidade de haver legislação específica de combate ao crime organizado, não se deixa de olvidar que meios de prova não podem desconsiderar o sistema processual penal constitucional acusatório-garantista. A proporcionalidade impõe sopesamento ao legislador no momento de elaborar a lei e ponderação ao juiz ao aplicá-la. A conclusão que se chega é que não se pode, de plano, sustentar inconstitucionalidade dos meios de prova do crime organizado, porque ampliam os poderes persecutórios do Estado. Exige-se a análise da forma com que cada um deles foi disciplinado pela lei ordinária para se apontar se houve justificativa constitucional para a restrição de direitos fundamentais do acusado. / The criminal procedure model is intimately associated with the political regimes’ evolution throughout history. In totalitarian periods, the inquisitive-utilitarian model is predominant and the process is directed towards obtaining a condemnatory criminal sentence in the State’s favor. In democratic states, criminal process follows the accusatory-guaranteeing model, in which fundamental rights and guarantees are established in the accused’s favor that is recognized as a disadvantaged subject by the judiciary-procedural relation. The Constituição Federal, by establishing Democratic State of Law, has adopted the accusatory-guaranteeing criminal process model. Therefore, it should be followed by the ordinary legislator in drafting the rules and by the judge in applying those norms. The organized crime phenomenon, although not recognized as a doctrine proper category, jeopardizes most relevant society legal assets, such as democracy itself, and given its complexity, the traditional means of proof are not capable of responding to it, which requires the elaboration of specific evidence for its prosecution. Today in Brazil, the means of proof of organized crime are regulated by the Law n. 12,850/2013. This paper work aims to analyze the constitutionality of these means of proof, which imply an amplification of the State prerogatives and relativization of the accused’s fundamental rights. The analysis will take place in the manner in which each means of proof has been disciplined in the above Law. The procedural methodology is bibliographical and the method of approach is the hypothetical-deductive. By assuming the need of having a specific legislation to combat organized crime, it is clear that the means of proof cannot disregard the accusatory-guaranteeing constitutional criminal procedural system. Proportionality imposes the legislator’s balancing when drawing up the law and the judge’s weighting when applying it. The conclusion reached is that one can not, on the whole, maintain unconstitutionality of the means of proof of organized crime, because they extend the persecutory powers of the State. It is required to analyze the way in which each of them was disciplined by ordinary law to indicate if there was constitutional justification for the restriction of the fundamental rights of the accused.

A introdução de novas medidas cautelares de caráter pessoal em nosso sistema processual penal, diversas da prisão, traz a necessidade da exegese do princípio da proporcionalidade em cotejo com nosso sistema de garantias. Somente a fixação adequada de medidas assecuratórias, em detrimento da liberdade face ao princípio da presunção de inocência, pode tornar harmônico o ordenamento jurídico que equilibra, na balança, direitos e garantias individuais versus poder punitivo estatal, quando ainda na jornada processual. O estudo da legislação, doutrina, direito estrangeiro e jurisprudência complementam uns aos outros, possibilitando uma visão ampla e eclética do assunto. / The introduction of new precautionary measures of personal character in our criminal justice system, different from prison, brings the need to analyze the proportionality principle in collation with our system of guarantees. Only the proper mounting of precautionary measures, at the expense of freedom and the presumption of innocence, can make the legal system harmonic, in balance individual rights and guarantees versus state punitive power, while still in procedural journey. The study of law,doctrine, foreign law and jurisprudence complement each other, enabling a wide and eclectic view of the subject .

O interrogatório judicial do acusado sempre foi previsto na legislação processual brasileira desde o Código de Processo Penal do Império até os dias atuais. O advento da Constituição Federal de 1988 mudou o panorama quanto às garantias processuais dos acusados e teve reflexo na prática forense. No entanto, o Código de Processo Penal, datado de 1941, continha disposições contrárias ao estabelecido no texto constitucional, o que ensejou discussão na jurisprudência por vários anos. Este panorama ensejou discussões no Congresso Nacional sobre a legislação processual penal e culminou na aprovação da Lei nº 10.792/2003. Apesar de naquela oportunidade a lei não prever o uso da videoconferência, trouxe significativas mudanças para o interrogatório judicial. A matéria foi regulada apenas em 2009, através da Lei nº 11.900/2009. Suas disposições ainda geram discussões na doutrina e na jurisprudência, mas embasam o uso daquele recurso tecnológico em casos envolvendo acusados presos. / The defendants judicial hearing has always been under the Brazilian procedural legislation from the Criminal Procedure Code of the 19th century to the presente day. The advent of the Federal Constitution of 1988 changed the landscape of the defendants procedural guarantees, which reflected in the forensics practice. However, the Criminal Procedure Code of 1941 states contrary provisions to what is set out in the Constitution, which resulted in discussions in Courts for several years. This scenario encouraged debates in the National Congress about the criminal procedural legislation and led to the approval of the Law 10.792/2003. At that time, although the Law had not set out the videoconference use, the judicial interrogation had significant changes. The issue was regulated only in 2009 with the passage of the Law 11.900/2009. Its provisions still raises discussions in the doctrine and jurisprudence, but also support the use of that technology resouce in cases involving arrested defendants.

1 Abstract This thesis deals with the very current problem theme of the status of the injured party and a victim in criminal proceedings and compensation for damages, non-material damage and a release of an unjust enrichment in criminal proceedings. Work serves a legal definition of the injured party and a crime victim and deals with their status in criminal proceedings. As to the injured party, the thesis focuses on a definition and a position of the injured party as well as issues related to an adhesion proceedings in which the court decides about a claim of the injured party to damages, non-material damage and unjust enrichment. The focus of the issues relating to crime victims is their status and rights granted to them in the light of the recently adopted law amendment of victims of crime and international arrangements. The entire work arises all sorts of questions about the accuracy and effectiveness of the legislation which provides a reflection of the current state and at the same time proposals de lege ferenda. My thesis is systematically divided into four main parts. In the introductory part of this work is for a better orientation and understanding of the context described the historical evolution of the position of an injured party, by law of the injured party before 1950 to the time of the...

Summary: Counsel in the Criminal Proceedings The objective of my thesis is to describe the position of a defense counsel during a criminal procedure and analyze the currently valid law governing the counsel's position in the criminal proceedings, and how is law applied in real life and also describe duties and obligations of defense counsel. I choose this topic, because during studies of criminal law I was intrigued by the complexity of criminal trial a by the role of the defense counsel in it. I wanted to gain deeper knowledge of rights and obligations of the defense counsel and research limits of criminal defense. Fair trial is considered as one of the fundamental basics of democratic state. The objective of criminal trial is to reach a proper and rightful verdict as a result of fair trial. Criminal trial could be considered fair only if both sides, the defendant and the prosecutor, are both provided with equal rights. Defendant is often a person without thorough legal knowledge and thus is considered to be in disadvantaged position. As opposed to prosecutor, defendant finds himself in new, unknown position, and his basic rights and his future life are endangered. To remedy this situation, defendant can be in criminal proceedings represented by defense counsel, who is professional, has experience and...

The paper deals with the issue of house search and inspection of non-residential space in criminal proceedings. It focuses on the historical and current legislation. The main part of this thesis deals with conditions of home searching and inspection of non-residential space. Applicable legislation is analyzed in terms of both basic definition of the term "flat" and "commercial space", as well as in terms of regulation ineffectiveness of evidence in case of violation of the law. The author of the work also discusses a radical judgment of the Czech Constitutional Court, which annulled the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, which allowed the prosecutor to order a search of non- residential space. The author gradually expresses the individual arguments of the Constitutional Court, trying to answer whether the annulment of provisions appropriate solution. In the next part the author demonstrates on case study the fulfillment of the legal conditions set out in first part and based on an analysis of reported case derive specific conclusions. A part of the paper focuses on the comparison of foreign laws: namely the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Slovak Republic. The work also includes an analysis of the legislation of house search of law firms. The main objective of this part...