Over the past years communication patterns have been changing continuously due toincreased public demand for information and knowledge. Numerous social networks andwebsites have escalated and gained the attention of the academics and practitioners, as wellas the business society. Previously scholars researched this field of interest from differentperspectives. Thus it could be stated that the emphasis was put on the impact of the certainsocial media networks in terms of communication strategy. However, no holistic approachhas been noticed in regards to why and how companies can use different mediasimultaneously in order to overcome a crisis situation. This research is aimed at filling thegap within existing literature. This thesis complements the previous studies and provides a broader understanding uponthe role of social media in the crisis communication process by the use of the triangulationmethod. This approach refers to the implementation of both quantitative and qualitativestudies based on a questionnaire addressed to various organisations and by observing theactions taken by the company currently facing the crisis situation. The empirical findingsprovided concrete data on why companies use social media and how they can be deployedto communicate with the large audience during turbulent times. The conducted study revealed that even if social media plays an important role in thecommunication and information sharing, traditional media is still perceived as moretrustworthy by the organisations. Therefore, companies in crisis should combine the use ofthese two kinds of media in their corrective actions taken in order to regain public trust andovercome the crisis.

Sveriges regering införde år 2020 ett statligt hyresrabattsstöd för ekonomiskt utsatta branscher som avsåg årets andra kvartal, och infördes som en snabb åtgärd för att begränsa oron som pandemikrisen medförde på marknaden. Stödet har kritiserats av både lokalhyresgäster och fastighetsägare. Frågan har varit kontroversiell med blandade åsikter om hur fördelningen av statens subventioner ska konstrueras för att uppnå bästa resultat i rådande situation.Syftet med studien är att belysa hur den statligt subventionerade hyresrabatten under coronapandemin har använts i praktiken. För att besvara studiens olika frågeställningar och för att uppnå syftet med studien, har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod använts. Avsikten med den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun är att förstå det utforskade ämnet ur de intervjuade fastighetsbolagens perspektiv och erfarenhet.Resultatet visar på att de främsta grunderna till varför bolagen tilldelat hyresrabatt till sina hyresgäster, har grundats i att fungera som en hjälpande hand och samtidigt undvika vakanser genom att värna om relationen mellan bolag och kund. Hyresrabatten har medfört en ekonomisk fördel för både fastighetsägare och hyresgäster där majoriteten av hyresgästerna har kunnat fortsatt bedriva sin verksamhet. För fastighetsägarna har det inneburit minimerade ombyggnadskostnader för att anpassa lokaler till nya hyresgäster. Det har framförts kritik mot själva upplägget av hyresrabattstödet, den administrativa delen har varit mycket invecklad och komplicerad. Man har dels fått agera som mellanhand och som ensam bransch behövt axla ansvaret, men även inneha rollen av en vågmästare vad avser tilldelning av hyresrabattstödet. / The Swedish government introduced a state rent rebate support for vulnerable industries in the first quarter of 2020, as a quick solution to dampen market turmoil. The support has been criticized by both tenants and property owners. It has been a controversial issue with various opinions on how the distribution of state subsidies should be constructed to best fit the current situation.The study is based on examining the state subsidized rent rebate that was distributed to the most affected industries. The purpose of the study is to clarify how the state-subsidized rent rebate during the corona pandemic has been used in practice.To answer the study's questions and to achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method has been used. The purpose of the qualitative research interview is to understand the topic explored from the interviewee's own perspective and experience.The results show that the main reasons to why a rent discount was given to tenants, was to act as a helping hand to those most effected by the pandemic, but also to avoid vacancies. The rent discount resulted in a clear financial advantage for both the property owners and the tenants, where the majority of the tenants have been able to continue their business. The property owners have avoided high renovation costs to adapt premises for new tenants.Criticism has been leveled at the very structure of the rent rebate support, as the administrative part was complicated. The propery owners have partly been acting as an intermediary and solely shoulder the responsibility in terms of allocating the rent rebate.

For my project I’ve chosen to create a Business Plan for a Crisis Management Consultancy company. To do this I’ve used a limited company and named it Navigator Ltd. In the preceding project I’ve explained all the essential steps needed to create a new company, as well as pointing out the importance of crisis management for various companies on the market. I’ve described the services in detail, compared the competing businesses in the field of crisis management, shown a view of the future and built a personnel infrastructure of the described company. I’ve created a realistic company strategy and planned budgets needed for a smooth start.

Studien handlar om att skapa förståelse kring huruvida restaurangchefer är i högre grad uppgifts- eller relationsorienterade i sitt ledarskap samt hur de hanterat corona pandemin. Studien har tagit utgångspunkt i insamling av empirisk data, för att vidare analysera materialet med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen. Under den teoretiska referensramen har data samlats in kring de berörda ledarstilarna och hur de skiljer sig från varandra, samt hur en kris och krishantering kan se ut. Studiens empiriska avsnitt utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod insamling där sju restaurangchefer intervjuades. Respondenterna och dess restauranger är belägna i Göteborg. Uppsatsens empiriska resultat stödjer teoretiska referensramen som implementeras i analysavsnittet.Författarna presenterar slutligen i slutsatsen att restaurangcheferna använder en kombination av uppgifts- och relationsorienterat ledarskap. Författarna kan dessutom fastslå att ingen chef utesluter den ena ledarskapsstilen. Studien visar tydliga samband där restaurangcheferna är antingen mer relations- eller uppgiftsorienterade i sitt ledarskap. I analysavsnittet visar det sig att restaurangcheferna hanterar krisen på olika sätt. De relationsorienterade restaurangcheferna var innovativa och arbetade med att skapa ytterligare intäkter, medans den uppgiftsorienterade ledaren effektiviserade organisationen och kapade kostnader. Ledarna har dock varit tydliga att ingen krisstrategi formats i förväg. Samtliga ledare har agerat reaktivt under den rådande pandemin då ingen liknande händelse inträffat dessförinnan. / The study is about creating an understanding of whether restaurant managers are more task- or relationship-oriented in their leadership and how they have handled the corona pandemic. The study is based on two parts, one of which is the collection of empirical data, the other from the theoretical frame of reference. During the theoretical frame of reference, data has been collected on the relevant leadership styles and how they differ from each other, as well as what a crisis and crisis management can look like. The empirical section of the study is based on a qualitative collection method where seven restaurant managers were interviewed. The respondents and their restaurants are located in Gothenburg. The empirical evidence of the thesis is supported in the theoretical frame of reference that is implemented in the analysis section.The authors presents in the conclusion that restaurant managers use a combination of task and relationship-oriented leadership. The authors can also state that no manager excludes a leadership style. The study shows clear connections where restaurant managers are either more relational or task-oriented in their leadership. In the analysis section, it turns out that the restaurant managers handle the crisis in different ways. The relationship-oriented restaurant managers were innovative and worked to create additional revenue, while the task-oriented leader streamlined the organization and reduced costs. However, the leaders have been clear that no crisis strategy has been formulated in advance. All leaders have acted reactively during the current pandemic because no similar event has occurred before.

Denna forskningsstudie undersöker de utmaningar som hotell i Sverige har stått inför på grund av Covid-19-pandemin. Närmare bestämt analyserar studien hur dessa hotell reagerade på krisen. Det råder ingen tvekan om att pandemin har drabbat den globala turistsektorn väldigt kraftigt. Miljontals arbetstillfällen har gått förlorade, och länder vars ekonomier som är beroende av turism står inför de värsta ekonomiska lågkonjunkturerna i historien.  Sektorn vänder sig dock i dag till innovation för att stödja återöppnandet och en återgång till lönsamhet. I Sverige har sektorn tagit till sig innovativa lösningar, bland annat genom att öka konkurrenskraften och bygga upp motståndskraft genom strategier som att främja inhemsk och regional turism, ekonomisk diversifiering och underlättandet av en mer gynnsam arbetsmiljö för mikroföretag, små och medelstora företag. Andra strategier som har hjälpt att strategiskt öppna sektorn i denna tid under pandemin är den digitala omvandlingen av hela turismekonomin genom att investera i digital kompetens för arbetstagare som har förlorat sina arbeten och inkomstkälla under pandemin.  Studiens syfte är att analysera de krishanteringsstrategier som svenska hotell implementerade i början av Covid-19-pandemin. För att uppnå studiens syfte används semistrukturerade intervjuer som den primära datainsamlingsmetoden. Det kommer genomföras intervjuer med fem olika hotelldirektörer från Sveriges största hotellkedjor. / This research study explores the challenges that hotels in Sweden have faced due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, it assesses how these organizations responded to the crisis. There is no doubt that the pandemic has hit the global tourism sector very heavily. Indeed, millions of jobs have been lost, with countries whose economies are dependent on tourism facing the worst economic recessions in their collective history.  The sector is today turning to innovation to support its re-opening and a return to profitability. In Sweden, the sector has embraced innovative solutions, including boosting competitiveness and building resilience through strategies such as promoting domestic and regional tourism, economic diversification, and the facilitation of a conducive business environment for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. Other strategies that have aided the strategic re-opening of the sector during the pandemic is the digital transformation of the entire tourism economy by promoting investments in digital skills for workers who have lost their jobs and livelihoods during the pandemic.  Against this backdrop, this study’s key objective is to analyze the crisis-management strategies adopted and implemented by Swedish hotels at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. It will deploy semi-structured interviews as the primary data-collection approach to achieve this goal. Five interviews with executives in five of the largest hotel chains in Sweden will be conducted.