Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka stereotyper av terroristen som finns i det svenska samhället och hur dessa påverkar relationerna mellan människor. Utgångspunkten är att flera undersökningar pekar på att den mediala bilden av terroristen är kopplad till muslimer. Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram är kritisk diskursanalys och Ruth Wodaks diskurshistoriska ansats. Denna teori kopplar samman diskursiva praktiker med den historiska, mediala, politiska och sociala kontexten de är förankrade i. Analysen sker på tre nivåer. Först beskrivs språket enbart utifrån de lingvistiska uttrycken. Sedan analyseras texterna utifrån den historiska, mediala och politiska kontexten. Slutligen analyseras materialet utifrån den bredare socialhistoriska kontexten (”grand theories” eller stora berättelser), nämligen teorin om moderniteten och den postkoloniala teoribildningen. Materialet består av en enkätundersökning som främst används som del av kontexten och av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex informanter.Denna forskning visar på att stereotypen av terroristen finns hos informanterna. Denna stereotyp bekräftar hypotesen om att det är muslimen som är terroristen precis som i den mediala beskrivningen. Stereotypen av terroristen förändras när de intervjuade börjar reflektera och jämföra den första bilden av terroristen med andra historiska exempel och nutida mindre uppmärksammade exempel. De två bilderna tillhör två olika diskurser i vilka informanterna är involverade samtidigt. Vad gäller relationerna mellan människor påverkas dessa av stereotypen av terroristen. Fördomarna mot muslimer förstärks och kanske t.o.m. sprids till nya grupper i samhället. Stereotypen skapar rädsla och oro och förstärker individers känsla av en klyfta mellan öst och väst och mellan svenskar och invandrare. / The aim of this study is to investigate which stereotypes of the terrorist are present in the Swedish society. The aim is also to describe if and how these stereotypes affect human relations. The starting point is that several exempels of research show that the image of the terrorist media presents is linked to Muslims. The theoretical framework of this research is critical discourse analysis and Ruth Wodak’s discourse– historical approach. This theory links the discoursive practices to different extralinguistical contexts: history, media, politics and society in which the practices are embedded. The analysis is done on three levels. First the language is described just focusing on the linguistical expressions. Then the texts are analysed through the different contexts. Finally the empirical data is analysed through the broader socio–historical context (”grand” theories), in our study the theory of modernity and the postcolonial theory. The data consists of a survey that mostly serves as a part of the context and of qualitative interviews with six respondents.The results of this study show that a stereotype of the terrorist exists. This stereotype confirms the hypothesis that it is the Muslim who is the terrorist in the same way as in the descriptions of the media. Another result of the study is that the stereotype of the terrorist changes when the respondents begin to reflect and compare the first image of the terrorist with other historical or less media-covered exampels. The two different images of the terrorist belong to two different discourses which the respondents are involved in at the same time. The consequences on the human relations are that these are affected by the stereotype of the terrorist. The prejudices against Muslim are strengthened and may even spred to new social groups. The stereotype creates fear and weariness and strengthens the individuals feeling of a gap between East and West and between Swedes and immigrants.

This critical discourse analysis aims to explore the construction of discourses on mental health inside of Canadian federal corrections through analysis of two reports published by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Simultaneously utilizing Mad and Critical Disability studies as a theoretical framework, I engage with the material to examine the ways that individuals with mental health concerns are constructed in the texts. Results indicate that CSC relies on medical and individual understandings of mental health and (re)produce discourses of violence and risk as well as individual deficiency or otherness within their texts. Ways in which CSC operationalizes these discourses are explored and include violent treatments for those with mental health concerns such as segregation, forced medication, labelling, and restraint or use of force. An analysis of the ways in which CSC maintains their power and domination over discourse regarding mental health concerns in Canadian corrections is examined, including critiques of the ways they ensure erasure and silencing of mental health consumers as well as their lack of attention to historical, political and social implications in their texts. This research reveals how CSC uses negative discourses, namely discourses of violence or risk and medical or individual deficiency, to authorize various violences on those with mental health concerns within federal corrections. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Travel agencies provide exciting opportunities for tourists to gain new experiences, allowing them to learn more about foreign countries. However, travel agencies also have a role in creating and maintaining problematic aspects of the tourism industry. Thailand is a country with one of the most prominent tourism industries in the world, which has also created a plethora of problems. The purpose of this study is to understand how Swedish travel agency websites portray Thailand from the standpoint of post-colonial theory. More specifically, Orientalism is the main theoretical framework used in this thesis because of its specific focus on the effects of European imperialism and colonization on Asia. A number of prior studies that use Orientalism and post-colonial theory are also referred to in examining the tourism industry. The empirical data for this study was collected from 7 Swedish travel agency websites and analyzed using critical discourse analysis. The results showed that the themes present in the data resemble elements of Orientalism discussed by Edward Said. These themes are ‘othering’, ‘exotification, ‘discovering the unknown’, ‘entitlement’, ‘paradise’, and ‘authenticity’. The themes exemplify the power dynamics between Thailand and Sweden created by tourism and suggest that Orientalist ideas continue to be perpetuated outside of their original contexts. The findings were consistent with the findings of prior studies. This study provides insight into the effects of Orientalism beyond the colonial era, and into aspects of modern life, like tourism.

Thesis advisor: Gerardo Blanco / The Fulbright Program is the US’ flagship international exchange program. Given its continued prominence in international higher education from its postwar inception to the present day, this study uses critical discourse analysis methods to analyze power, mission, and purpose in the history of the Fulbright Program. The analysis demonstrates several overarching ideas. First, throughout the program’s history, the concept of promoting mutual understanding between nations has been conflated with mutuality in the exchange of resources. Second, while the program’s efforts have often promoted the idea of a singular US identity, critics have consistently challenged this argument. Third, while the program grapples with its relationship to Senator Fulbright, the influence of his ideology remains throughout history. Scholars and practitioners of educational diplomacy may consider these findings as they pursue ways to promote equitable and mutual educational exchange. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Abstract: This thesis is a critical examination of the European Union's border externalization strategies towards North African countries, with a focus on their discursive and practical implications from the year 2019 to 2024. Utilising Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Post-Colonial theory, this study explores how public discourses by EU leaders shape perceptions of migrants and international relations, highlighting the endurance of colonial legacies. By analyzing recent public speeches and interviews, the thesis investigates the complex interaction between language, power, and policy, disclosing how modern practices of border management perpetuate historical patterns of dominance and exclusion. Through a detailed examination of a selection of EU actors’ speeches, this study argues that in spite of claims of mutual benefit, externalization policies often reinforce unequal power dynamics, and discriminatory perceptions of migrants and North Africans and contribute to a securitized and exclusionary approach to migration. The findings challenge the effectiveness of border externalization, suggesting a reassessment of policies due to their detrimental social and political impacts.

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Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-13T14:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo Moreira Ferreira.pdf: 7415679 bytes, checksum: 7acdf7c6bcde56b07eea3021f9a9adb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo Moreira Ferreira.pdf: 7415679 bytes, checksum: 7acdf7c6bcde56b07eea3021f9a9adb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / From the second half of the twentieth century grew studies on the finiteness of natural resources, as well as social events with the intention of minimizing the impact of economic growth on the environment and living conditions of the population. In this context, Banco do Brasil signed an agreement with the Brazilian Federal Government to establish its Agenda 21 and become a catalyst 7 of Agenda 21 business in the country. From this commitment, came the Environmental Development Strategy, set in its Social Responsibility policy. This descriptive research, based on the qualitative paradigm, aimed to analyze the discourse of Banco do Brasil, in order to identify the discourse orders arising from its Business Strategy for Sustainable Regional Development, represented by the Business Plan located in State of Rio de Janeiro. For analysis of the survey data, the approach Analysis Critical Discourse was used. This approach takes advantage of Textual, Discursive Practice and Social Practice dimensions. To achieve the objectives were analyzed the materials used by the company in the courses and training, presential and self instructional, given to the employees for its Corporate University and that are directly related to the theme Sustainable Regional Development. In order to base the thought of the researcher in the sense of the range of research objectives, it was made a literature review of the Thematic Social Responsibility and Sustainable Regional Development, and the evolution of its concepts, beyond the theme Discourse Analysis, considering the priority approach proposed by Norman Fairclough, known as Critical Discourse Analysis. Through the analysis of the collected data, it was possible to identify seventeen discursive objects. These discursive objects were later grouped by thematic approach in three categories - discursive formations. From the identification of discursive objects and discursive formations arising from them through a detailed analysis of the interdiscursividades - convergence, divergence and silence inserted in the analyzed context, the identification of four discursive orders was possible. Finally, as no research, especially those developed under the qualitative paradigm, is free of assumptions and limitations of the researcher, this study does not close the question in relation to the topics covered. Considering the importance of the subject, it is suggested that it make further deepening of scientific thought on the issues, and verification of the effects of this discourse from institutional courses on the staff and partners of that business strategy. / A partir da segunda metade do s?culo XX cresceram os estudos sobre a finitude dos recursos naturais, assim como as manifesta??es sociais, com a inten??o de minimizar os impactos do crescimento econ?mico sobre o meio ambiente e as condi??es de vida da popula??o mundial. Nesse contexto, o Banco do Brasil firmou compromisso com Governo Federal Brasileiro de estabelecer sua Agenda 21 e se tornar um catalisador das Agendas 21 empresariais no pa?s. Desse compromisso surgiu a Estrat?gia de Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, inserida em sua pol?tica de Responsabilidade Socioambiental. O presente estudo, de car?ter descritivo, fundamentado no paradigma qualitativo, teve como objetivo analisar o discurso do Banco do Brasil, com o intuito de identificar as ordens de discurso decorrentes de sua Estrat?gia Negocial em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustent?vel, representada pelos Planos de Neg?cios localizados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para an?lise dos dados da pesquisa, foi utilizada a abordagem de An?lise Cr?tica de Discurso. Essa abordagem se vale das dimens?es Textual, Pr?tica Discursiva e Pr?tica Social do discurso. Para o atingimento dos objetivos foram analisados os materiais utilizados pela empresa nos cursos e treinamentos presenciais e auto instrucionais, ministrados aos funcion?rios por sua Universidade Corporativa e que t?m rela??o direta com o tema Desenvolvimento Regional Sustent?vel. Com o intuito de embasar o pensamento do pesquisador, no sentido do alcance dos objetivos da pesquisa, foi feita uma revis?o bibliogr?fica das tem?ticas Responsabilidade Socioambiental e Desenvolvimento Regional Sustent?vel, e a evolu??o de seus conceitos, al?m do tema An?lise de Discurso, contemplando prioritariamente a abordagem proposta por Norman Fairclough, conhecida como An?lise Cr?tica do Discurso. Atrav?s das an?lises dos dados coletados, p?de-se identificar dezessete objetos discursivos. Esses objetos discursivos foram posteriormente agrupados pela aproxima??o tem?tica, em tr?s categorias - forma??es discursivas. A partir da identifica??o dos objetos discursivos e das forma??es discursivas decorrentes deles, atrav?s de uma detida an?lise das interdiscursividades - converg?ncias, diverg?ncias e sil?ncios inseridos no 6 contexto analisado, foi poss?vel a identifica??o de quatro ordens discursivas. Por fim, como nenhuma pesquisa, sobretudo as desenvolvidas sob o paradigma qualitativo, est? livre de pressupostos e limita??es do pesquisador, o presente estudo n?o fecha a quest?o com rela??o aos temas abordados. Considerando a relev?ncia do assunto, sugere-se que se fa?a um maior aprofundamento do pensamento cient?fico sobre as tem?ticas e da verifica??o dos efeitos desse discurso proveniente dos cursos institucionais sobre os funcion?rios e parceiros da referida estrat?gia negocial.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate and highlight the strengths and shortcomings of Critical Discourse Analysis and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis when used as an analytical tool. By comparing the representation of women and men in print advertisements, and how there may be a difference in language being used to describe both genders, including the use of sexist language, a critique of CDA and FCDA could be established. In order to establish this all areas of the advertisements had to be taken into account, including layout and images used. The ads were read and interpreted through CDA and FCDA in order to investigate and identify the strengths, and any shortcomings, of the theories. The investigation shows that, although CDA and FCDA scholars could argue that women tended to be described in a more sexist manner overall, a counterargument could also be made on most accounts. The argument which supported sexism was especially observable through how women’s bodies were more often fragmented in images and positioned in more sexual positions, but also how the advertisements not only reinforced stereotypes as well as using distinctly negative language in their descriptions. However, gender stereotyping against men in the ads was also prevalent, which allowed an argument against CDA and FCDA’s theories about existing power struggles. Although the investigation did manage to substantiate the critique regarding how CDA and FCDA view the differences in gender representations, therefore fulfilling its aim, perhaps a more accurate result would have been possible to achieve if more print advertisements had been used in the investigation. However, this was not possible due to the qualitative nature of the investigation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Child labor is a complex global phenomenon. Though poverty is widely accepted as the primary cause of child labor, there are many dimensions of the phenomenon that still remain to be explored. Very little attention has been given to the policies that drive efforts to address child labor and how they are framed. Of particular interest is how we determine who is a child, and the notions of childhood underpinning these policies. Less attention has been given to the relationships and power dynamics underlying the policy-making process that surrounds this discourse. A qualitative method, namely, critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to examine the discursive construction of children and childhood in child labor discourse. Underlying power dynamics through the analysis of diverse child labor-related policies at the global (ILO), regional (OAU/AU), sub-regional (ECOWAS), global/sub-regional (Harkin-Engel Protocol), and local (Ghana) levels was explored. Findings revealed that homogenized and hegemonic trends are visible in child labor discourse. While the ILO's discourse on child labor was either reproduced or referenced in the other policies, there was generally a homogenized definition of children based on Western social constructions and views of children. Child labor policies were not fully cognizant or sensitive to local constructions and conceptions of how we define children and what we determine are appropriate roles at various ages. In particular reference to Ghana, the Government of Ghana's child labor policies did not reflect the sociological and cultural realities of the nation. Findings of the study also suggest that for some organizations and countries, especially in the Global South, political and economic considerations influenced whose voices were included in child labor policy creation. Critical discourse implications for social work education, policy analysis, practice and research are discussed.

The importance of family is widespread, both in society in general and within social work specifically. This essay focuses on the construction of family in the guidelines concerning adoption that the Board of health and welfare issue. The aim of this study is to identify and uncover dominant discourses concerning family in the guidelines. To do this we have used a form of Critical Discourse Analysis, influenced by Norman Faircloughs three-dimensional analytical model. Our major findings were, among others, that different kinds of family practices are excluded from the idea of what a family is. This process of exclusion is done through two different sets of discourses; discourses of sameness and discourses of difference. Discourses of sameness is concerned with including the adoptive family in the norm of the “ideal” family, but without really changing the idea of what a family can be. This leaves the traditional idea of family to remain unchallenged in the guidelines. Discourses of differences is concerned with the construction of the adoptive family as different than the idea of the “ideal” family. The consequences of this is that the construction of the “good” family excludes family practises that defy the traditional “ideal” family.