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In the past, South Africa had a structure that dealt separately with matters relating to curriculum development and the problems of management and control determined from the hierarchical authority. Since 1994, the curriculum reform and the various transformational needs and because of experiences of global change demands as well as the various nationalist priorities, principals have adopted instructional leadership and principalship as leading learners, critical reflection and understanding that circumstances determine leadership or better management. In this context, principals initiated what has proved to be the determinants of the principal‟s role, problematic perspective and orientation. The study was qualitative in nature and interviews were used as the main source of data collection. Ten principals of primary, middle and secondary schools were interviewed using open ended questions. It was important to interact with the interviewees to facilitate a more probing investigation that not only broadened knowledge and fostered understanding, but also provided the interviewees with freedom to talk about anything they felt like, as long as it was within the framework or research questions., secondly, it allowed for critical reflection on the dominant discourse and also gave a voice to the dominated discourse. To arrive at the findings, data was analysed and interpreted using analysis strategies applicable to qualitative designs. These strategies of analysis allowed the researcher to look at the text and interviewees‟ practices. The following findings emerged from the data analysis: The findings from the principals were that there is integrated circumstance which makes it impossible to achieve success and the process of development was always constrained by severe time pressures. Since the principals‟ involvement in curriculum reform is a good sign of positive change in educators and school community‟s thinking, conduct, feelings and behaviour in their daily way of living. Principals have changed their leadership or management of democratic and collaborative participation to include parents, educators, learners and external stakeholders in curriculum reform. The interviews from the principals indicated that undemocratic procedures and social disorder no longer exist within the school, but it is visible within the district and the hierarchy. While this is the case, it is also clear that the primary and secondary respondents view this differently. The primary school principal, generates ample possibilities and opportunities for curriculum reform and the desired nation building. On the other hand, the secondary school principal is pressurized, sometimes undemocratically by the hierarchy to achieve beyond expectation in national examinations. But all are in agreement that they provide useful knowledge to ascertain whether curriculum reform can be a tool driving social cohesion and provide self-renewal in the condition of practice. They also facilitate changes in the lives of community members such as educators, learners‟ parents and all stakeholders by teaching and carrying out actual practice. I have taken care not to generalize from the findings, since this was never the intention of the study. I nevertheless drew the conclusion that problems and challenges faced by the principals determine and define their role. There will never be any absence of external demands. In fact principals in their schools must continue to monitor conceptually complex tasks and accumulate evidence of different levels of complexity of their roles. From the findings the study recommends that principal should control the determinants of their roles, they should standardise and supervise the quality of the learning programme. This is to allow principals to include the needs of the communities which vary from area to area. This way development of learner-centred strategies are encouraged. The control by the hierarchy would extinguish community-initiative in service delivery. Political control seems to be slowly coming back to schools through quality monitoring. Furthermore, suggestions for the Department of Education to understand the different pressure points principal experience imposed by the district and the circuit to principals to follow incompatible activities and forcing schools to pursue incompatible goals. / PhD (Education Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In the past, South Africa had a structure that dealt separately with matters relating to curriculum development and the problems of management and control determined from the hierarchical authority. Since 1994, the curriculum reform and the various transformational needs and because of experiences of global change demands as well as the various nationalist priorities, principals have adopted instructional leadership and principalship as leading learners, critical reflection and understanding that circumstances determine leadership or better management. In this context, principals initiated what has proved to be the determinants of the principal‟s role, problematic perspective and orientation. The study was qualitative in nature and interviews were used as the main source of data collection. Ten principals of primary, middle and secondary schools were interviewed using open ended questions. It was important to interact with the interviewees to facilitate a more probing investigation that not only broadened knowledge and fostered understanding, but also provided the interviewees with freedom to talk about anything they felt like, as long as it was within the framework or research questions., secondly, it allowed for critical reflection on the dominant discourse and also gave a voice to the dominated discourse. To arrive at the findings, data was analysed and interpreted using analysis strategies applicable to qualitative designs. These strategies of analysis allowed the researcher to look at the text and interviewees‟ practices. The following findings emerged from the data analysis: The findings from the principals were that there is integrated circumstance which makes it impossible to achieve success and the process of development was always constrained by severe time pressures. Since the principals‟ involvement in curriculum reform is a good sign of positive change in educators and school community‟s thinking, conduct, feelings and behaviour in their daily way of living. Principals have changed their leadership or management of democratic and collaborative participation to include parents, educators, learners and external stakeholders in curriculum reform. The interviews from the principals indicated that undemocratic procedures and social disorder no longer exist within the school, but it is visible within the district and the hierarchy. While this is the case, it is also clear that the primary and secondary respondents view this differently. The primary school principal, generates ample possibilities and opportunities for curriculum reform and the desired nation building. On the other hand, the secondary school principal is pressurized, sometimes undemocratically by the hierarchy to achieve beyond expectation in national examinations. But all are in agreement that they provide useful knowledge to ascertain whether curriculum reform can be a tool driving social cohesion and provide self-renewal in the condition of practice. They also facilitate changes in the lives of community members such as educators, learners‟ parents and all stakeholders by teaching and carrying out actual practice. I have taken care not to generalize from the findings, since this was never the intention of the study. I nevertheless drew the conclusion that problems and challenges faced by the principals determine and define their role. There will never be any absence of external demands. In fact principals in their schools must continue to monitor conceptually complex tasks and accumulate evidence of different levels of complexity of their roles. From the findings the study recommends that principal should control the determinants of their roles, they should standardise and supervise the quality of the learning programme. This is to allow principals to include the needs of the communities which vary from area to area. This way development of learner-centred strategies are encouraged. The control by the hierarchy would extinguish community-initiative in service delivery. Political control seems to be slowly coming back to schools through quality monitoring. Furthermore, suggestions for the Department of Education to understand the different pressure points principal experience imposed by the district and the circuit to principals to follow incompatible activities and forcing schools to pursue incompatible goals. / PhD (Education Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) has in its collection eleven ancient West Mexican ceramic sculptures. Given that the VMFA's West Mexican Ceramic figure collection has not been included in any extensive study, this thesis serves to provide a critical analysis of these figures through a formal and stylistic approach. These analyses are preceded by a brief history of the West Mexican cultures and highlight the artistic similarities and differences between each region. The primary regions under discussion are Colima, Nayarit, and Jalisco which correspond to modern geopolitical boundaries. Primary sources for these discussions are the figures themselves, while various published catalogues serve as comparative sources. Where applicable, iconographical theories are introduced and discussed in conjunction with the formal and stylistic analysis.

O presente trabalho procura identificar como os elementos linguísticos presentes no romance Dias com ele, da escritora síria Colette Khoury, veiculam valores e crenças, reforçando-os ou contrapondo-se a eles, baseando-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), especialmente os defendidos por van Dijk, e também os da Linguística Sistêmico-funcional (LSF). A partir de trechos escolhidos, em uma tradução livre do árabe para o português, a obra foi analisada e apresenta indícios de construção de um novo sujeito social; no entanto, o romance também possui traços de um discurso tradicional que considera naturais certas condutas sociais. Buscou-se avaliar se as escolhas lexicais do romance indicam ou não uma tentativa de rompimento de um padrão de submissão atribuído ao segmento feminino da sociedade árabe do final dos anos 50. Khoury não propõe de fato um novo modelo de padrão social feminino, mas mostra-nos uma falta de preparo por parte da sociedade árabe para este novo modelo que estava em construção. Percebemos ser necessário um processo de reeducação para que os homens consigam aceitar este novo modelo social feminino e considerá-lo complementar, em vez de uma ameaça, para que, tanto a humanidade quanto a sociedade, possam evoluir juntamente com os avanços da modernidade / This work seeks to identify how the linguistic elements present in the novel Day with him, from the Syrian writer Colette Khoury, convey values and beliefs, reinforcing them or opposing to them, based on a theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), especially those proposed by van Dijk, and also of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) . Through the analysis of some excerpts chosen and freely translated from Arabic into Portuguese, this work shows evidence of building a new social subject, however, the novel also has traces of a traditional discourse that considers certain social behaviors as \' natural \'. We tried to evaluate whether the lexical choices of the novel indicate or not an attempt to change the configuration of the submission assigned to the female segment of Arab society of the late 50s. Khoury does not actually propose a new model of female social standard, but shows us a lack of preparedness on the part of Arab society for this new model that was under construction. Perceiving a process of reeducation is necessary for men to be able to accept this new female social model and consider it complementary, rather than a threat, so that both humankind and society can evolve along with advances of modernity

Agriculture in the Western United States is almost entirely dependent upon irrigation. Irrigation has transformed the desert lands into fertile, producing valleys. It has made possible communities and settlement areas which would otherwise be impossible. Although the achievements of irrigation have been great, there still remains millions of acres of fertile land that will never be reclaimed because there is not available water.

The study presents an investigation of a regionalauthorized heritage discourse, represented by theCounty Administrative Board on signs set up at ancientmonuments and sites in the province of Skånein southern Sweden. The starting point is a criticalanalysis of layout, texts and illustrations to ascertainthe narratives conveyed by the signs. The results showthat slightly less than half of the studied signs workwell according to the criteria set up for the study. Theresult also demonstrates that more than half of thestudied signs do not work well according to these criteria.Those that work well give detailed informationabout the ancient monument or site. The signs that donot work well give inadequate information and riskexcluding a majority of the people who read them.The latter signs confirm what so many other discourseanalyses have shown, that the authorized heritage discourseto a large extent still privileges the perspectivesof a white, middle-class male. The former signs, thatis, those that are judged to work well in terms of thecriteria applied in this study, show that the authorizedheritage discourse does not only offer something thatprivileges the perspectives of that white, middle classmale, but also has the ability to offer narratives withother perspectives.

It was suggested that dirt was a way of falling away from perfection and through introducing or allowing dirt you could avoid the sterile and lifeless. A ephemeral and intangible entity, dirt is, by its nature, an elusive creature. This intangibility encouraged me to draw a clearer definition for myself of what dirt meant. If dirt was not limited to patina and grime how could it be understood in terms of design. This is the essence of my thesis. / Some pictures have been removed for publication.

O presente trabalho procura identificar como os elementos linguísticos presentes no romance Dias com ele, da escritora síria Colette Khoury, veiculam valores e crenças, reforçando-os ou contrapondo-se a eles, baseando-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), especialmente os defendidos por van Dijk, e também os da Linguística Sistêmico-funcional (LSF). A partir de trechos escolhidos, em uma tradução livre do árabe para o português, a obra foi analisada e apresenta indícios de construção de um novo sujeito social; no entanto, o romance também possui traços de um discurso tradicional que considera naturais certas condutas sociais. Buscou-se avaliar se as escolhas lexicais do romance indicam ou não uma tentativa de rompimento de um padrão de submissão atribuído ao segmento feminino da sociedade árabe do final dos anos 50. Khoury não propõe de fato um novo modelo de padrão social feminino, mas mostra-nos uma falta de preparo por parte da sociedade árabe para este novo modelo que estava em construção. Percebemos ser necessário um processo de reeducação para que os homens consigam aceitar este novo modelo social feminino e considerá-lo complementar, em vez de uma ameaça, para que, tanto a humanidade quanto a sociedade, possam evoluir juntamente com os avanços da modernidade / This work seeks to identify how the linguistic elements present in the novel Day with him, from the Syrian writer Colette Khoury, convey values and beliefs, reinforcing them or opposing to them, based on a theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), especially those proposed by van Dijk, and also of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) . Through the analysis of some excerpts chosen and freely translated from Arabic into Portuguese, this work shows evidence of building a new social subject, however, the novel also has traces of a traditional discourse that considers certain social behaviors as \' natural \'. We tried to evaluate whether the lexical choices of the novel indicate or not an attempt to change the configuration of the submission assigned to the female segment of Arab society of the late 50s. Khoury does not actually propose a new model of female social standard, but shows us a lack of preparedness on the part of Arab society for this new model that was under construction. Perceiving a process of reeducation is necessary for men to be able to accept this new female social model and consider it complementary, rather than a threat, so that both humankind and society can evolve along with advances of modernity

Orientador: Eugenio Jose Zoqui / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Val_GuilhermeTrindadedo_M.pdf: 732727 bytes, checksum: 869c1ce09ec685ab76c9bf3a0f247764 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar criticamente a implantação da ISO 9001:2000, demonstrando e avaliando os impactos no setor de processos e um estudo de caso em situação real apontando as vantagens sobre a ISO 9001:1994, assim como os problemas relacionados à organização da empresa, propondo soluções através dos métodos e ferramentas mais adequadas. Uma comparação entre as normas ISO 9001:1994 e ISO 9001:2000 foi feita para demonstrar os impactos da revisão. A Implantação foi realizada na área de Processos Metalúrgicos, mais precisamente em uma empresa que tem como principal processo a Trefilação de Aços Inoxidáveis. Neste trabalho, estão descritos os principais passos da implantação do sistema em todos os níveis da organização, analisando-os criticamente, através de indicadores da qualidade e produtividade, destacando os principais resultados obtidos e as dificuldades encontradas. Nesse processo de implantação a maior dificuldade foi à conscientização da alta diretoria seguida pelos demais setores da empresa, porém, após passar por essa dificuldade, a responsabilidade diante da política da empresa fez com que todos os setores participassem ativamente para o cumprimento e monitoramento das metas estabelecidas pela organização / Abstract: This research has as objective to analyze critically the introduction of ISO 9001:2000, showing and evaluating the impacts in the process department and a case study and real situation pointing the advantages against ISO 9001:1994, as well as the problems related to the company organization, proposing solutions through method and more suitable tools. A comparision between the norm ISO 9001:1994 and ISO 9001:2000 was done to demonstrate the revision impacts. The introduction was accomplished in the Metallurgical Process, more precisally in a company that has as principal process the Stainless Steel Trefilation. At this research are described the principal steps of the system introduction in all levels of the organization, analyzing them critically through quality indicators and productivity, emphasizing the principal results taken and the difficulties found. In this process of introduction the biggest difficulty was to make aware the company management followed by the other departments of the company, however, after finished this difficulty, the responsibility to the company politics made all departments change their mind and participate actively to execute and follow up the mark established by the organization / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica