Purpose: The study aims to analyze how companies can learn from past communications in critical situations and during corporate crisis, and see how they use this knowledge in the management of subsequent critical situations and corporate crisis. Furthermore, the media is analyzed to see how the newspaper industry chooses to reflect an organization and its actions, and also to see if the pressure through articles in the newspapers has an impact on the extent of the situation. Method: A qualitative case study of Sweden’s largest food company, ICA Sverige AB, where knowledgeable people in media management within the company are interviewed using semi-structured interviews, with support of quantitative methods by a collection of articles from the news press. Theories: Concepts, theories and models in crisis management and communication has been applied to relevant data. These comprise Knowledge Management, a communication template in crisis management, The Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and the model Content of crisis communication. Empiric: Based on the quantitative data consisting of articles from four Swedish news sources: Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen, a semi-structured interview guide was created and carried out with the person within ICA who possesses knowledge of the subject area. Conclusion: ICA has during the priod studied exhibited to have used the concept of Knowledge Management in the development of their routines regarding product recalls at product defects. The relationships between ICA and the media have shown improvements, which has resulted in ICA percieve the media coverage as balanced, true and fair.

The thesis is focused on the small UAV’s rescue system design. The thesis is divided into related sections reflecting the design process. The first part deals with general problems of parachute equipment. Another part is evaluating critical situations in manual and autonomous control of the airplane. The deceleration device is based on this critical situations as well as the calculated structure loading. Next is the description and evaluation of experiments to verify the performance of modern parachutes. The thesis also includes a simplified proposal ejection mechanism designed in 3D software and documentation of the of model aircraft construction for testing and predicting behaviour in autonomous flight mode.

Bakgrund: För att optimera vården av svårt sjuka eller skadade barn är kommunikationen i teamarbetet viktigt. Att arbeta i stressande akuta situationer innebär att kommunikationen kan brista och utgöra en risk för barnets säkerhet. För att optimera samarbetet under teamarbete är kommunikationen viktig. Motiv: Få studier rapporterar teamarbete och kommunikation vid vård av svårt sjuka eller skadade barn. För att säkra vården av akut sjuka och skadade barn finns behov av att undersöka kommunikation under teamarbete vid akuta situationer som inkluderar barn. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av kommunikation och teamarbete vid vård av svårt sjuka eller skadade barn.     Metod: Studien genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativ metod. Tre sjuksköterskor och sju barnsjuksköterskor anställda på en barnklinik på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige deltog i studien. Individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att samla data och intervjuerna transkriberades i sin helhet. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera texten vilket resulterade i två kategorier och fem subkategorier. Resultat: Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i kategorin “Att skapa förutsättningar för god kommunikation” baserade på subkategorierna “Möjligheter i kommunikationen” och “Hinder i kommunikationen”. Kategorin “Att arbeta säkert” baserades på subkategorierna “Samarbete och ledarskap”, “Förväntningar i teamet” och “Utveckla träning och reflektion”. Konklusion: Studien beskriver betydelsen på god kommunikation för ett gott samarbete med vårdteamet. Resultatet indikerar att det finns behov av scenarioträning, vilket kan ge sjuksköterskorna möjlighet att öva på kommunikation och teamarbete i en lugn och kontrollerad miljö. Kommunikation och teamarbete är centrala och viktiga begrepp inom vården, därför är framtida forskning väsentlig för en säker och jämställd vård. / Background: To optimize the care of seriously ill or injured children, communication in during teamwork is important. Working in stressful emergency situations means that communication is lacking and thus increase the risk to jeopardize the children’s safety. In order optimize the collaboration during teamwork in critical situations, communication is important. Motive: Few studies report teamwork and communication in the care of seriously ill or injured children. To ensure the care of critical ill and injured children, there is a need to explore communication during teamwork in critical situations that include children.   Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of communication and teamwork in the care of critical ill children. Methods: In this study a qualitative method was used. Three nurses and seven pediatric nurses employed at a pediatric clinic at a hospital in southern Sweden participated. Individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the interviews were transcribed verbally. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the text, which resulted in two categories and five subcategories. Result: The analysis resulted in the category “Creating conditions for good communication” based on the subcategories “Opportunities in communication” and “Obstacles in communication”. The category "Working safely" was based on the subcategories "Cooperation and leadership", "Expectations in the team" and "Develop training and reflection". Conclusion: The study describes the importance of good communication for a good collaboration in the team when caring for critical ill or injured children. The results indicate that there is a need for scenario training, which can give nurses the opportunity to practice communication and teamwork in a calm and controlled environment. Communication and teamwork are central and important concepts in healthcare, therefore future research is essential for safe and equal care.

The aim of my work is to verify the real state of the critical management in case of an emergency event or critical situation at the University of South Bohemia, and on the basis of the analysis propose the way to secure necessary critical preparedness of the university in this respect. In the thesis I delt with the dangers and threats specific for České Budějovice, Nové Hrady and Vodňany concerning the University of South Bohemia. I ground my work on the hypothesis that the preparedness of faculties and colleges at the University of South Bohemia for emergency events and their resolution is not sufficient, which was proved true in the course of elaboration. I compared the existing plans and precautions at the University of South Bohemia with the present laws and notices valid in the Czech Republic. The obtained information thus led to the preparation of a Plan of critical preparedness for the University of South Bohemia with assuming that other elaboration by all the faculties and colleges in practice will be realized. The result of my thesis is the Plan of critical preparedness of the University of South Bohemia in electronic form that will be used as a proposal of precautions and solutions of emergency situations at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice.

Le nombre de Seniors de plus de 65 ans atteindra à l'horizon 2050, près de 22% de la population mondiale. Vieillir est une chance, mais cela entraîne chez de nombreuses personnes âgées une perte d'autonomie. Cette dépendance nécessite une aide, parfois permanente, de la famille, de personnels de santé voire dans certains cas une admission en institution. Malheureusement, celle-ci n'est et ne sera pas suffisante pour permettre à nos Seniors de finir leur vie dans le respect de la dignité humaine. Une aide technologique peut-être apportée par l'utilisation de systèmes de détections automatiques de situations critiques. Bien sûr, ils n'auront pas vocation de remplacer les aidants, mais au contraire de soulager leur intervention. Cette thèse a pour but de développer un dispositif intégré répondant à cette demande. Après une recherche approfondie des situations critiques des personnes âgées à leur domicile, un état de l'art des systèmes existants est réalisé. Ceci donne lieu à la conception d'un système multi capteurs de diagnostic et de classification de situations complexes. Ce dernier s'appuie sur différents capteurs non invasifs placés dans l'habitat et sur la personne. Les données collectées permettent par l'intermédiaire d'un algorithme de fusion, de classifier l'activité de la personne. Dans le cas de situations critiques, le système informe automatiquement les secours. Le dispositif développé a fait l'objet d'une validation par l'intermédiare de tests fonctionnels et d'expérimentations en laboratoire. / In 2050, the elderly population over 65-years-old, will represent about 20% of the world's population. Getting older is an opportunity, but unfortunately it also makes people dependent. This dependence requires help, sometimes permanent, from relatives, health professionals and in the worst case may cause a placement of the elderly in a nursing home. Unfortunately, this kind of help is not, and will not be, sufficient to allow every elderly person to live the rest of their life in the respect of human dignity. A potential technological support can be found with automatic detection systems which help detect critical situations. Of course, this kind of system will not replace human help, but only support them. The goal of this thesis is to develop an integrated systemwhich can meet these expectations. After a review of the critical situations of the elderly living independently at home, a bibliography of the existing systems of detection is done. This analysis will help to design a multi sensor analysis and classification system of critical situations detection. The latter is based on different kinds of non invasive sensors located in the homes of the elderly. Experimental data allows to classifying the activity of the elderly thanks to a data fusion algorithm. In case of a critical situation, the alarmsystem will automatically alert the emergency platform. This system was also tested thanks to functional and laboratory experiments.

Les véhicules modernes sont de plus en plus équipés de nouveaux organes visant à améliorer la sécurité des occupants. Ces nouveaux systèmes sont souvent des organes actifs utilisant des données de capteurs sur le véhicule. Cependant, en cas de mauvais fonctionnement d'un capteur, les conséquences pour le véhicule peuvent être dramatiques. Afin de garantir la sécurité dans le véhicule, des nouvelles méthodologies de détections de défauts adaptées pour les véhicules sont proposées. Les méthodologies présentées sont étendues de la méthode de l'espace de parité pour les systèmes à paramètres variant (LPV). En outre, la transformation du problème de détection de défauts pour la détection de situations critiques est également proposée. Des résultats applicatifs réalisés sur un véhicule réel dans le cadre du projet INOVE illustrent les performances des détections de défauts et la détection de perte de stabilité du véhicule. / Modern vehicles are increasingly equipped with new mechanisms to improve occupant safety. These new systems are often active parts using data from sensors on the vehicle. However, in case of malfunction of a sensor, the consequences for the vehicle can be dramatic. To ensure safety in the vehicle, new methodologies for detection of faults suitable for vehicles are proposed. The developed methodologies are extended from the method of parity space for linear parameter varying systems (LPV). In addition, the transformation of fault detection problem for the detection of critical situations is also available. Application of results achieved on a real vehicle within the INOVE project illustrate the performance of fault detection and detection of loss of stability of the vehicle.

The regulatory measures - the degree of economic action to solve the economic recession. In this thesis the author presents the basic view of the regulatory system of the measures as a degree of economic action to deal with the economic recession. The introductory part of the thesis is addressed to become familiar with the current state of the issue of the control measures, the types of regulatory measures and their application when there is an emergency situation. There is also an outline of the use of control measures in this area of activity. The thesis further contains an analysis of available documentation of regulatory measures for economic recession situation and the authentication of the hypothesis whether municipalities with extended authority in the Czech Republic have sufficiently prepared documentation dealing with the regulatory measures for these type of situations. As a part of this thesis, a research was conducted through questionnaires. The research was focused on the level of processed documentation of municipalities with extended authority in the Czech Republic and the readiness of these communities in an economical critical situation. Based on the evaluation of these questionnaires the hypothesis was confirmed. The author has pointed out the inconsistencies (disunity) in the quality of processed documentation of municipalities with extended authority and a lack of uniformity among the financial management personnel to deal with an economic crisis. As a result of this thesis training aids and materials for the decision making and management to solve an economic crisis and on the use of specific regulatory measures have been prepared.

The goal of my thesis was fulfilled. There was analysed the Military Police of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There were investigated two hypothesis in general. It was discovered that the hypotesis No. 1 was not confirmed. The reset of this Thesis is the recommendation with real particular suggestion of better application of the present possibilities of the Military Police of the Czech Republic Armed Forces use in the Integrated Rescue System. The hapothesis No. 2 was confirmed. It was discovered that both of these Military Police have the similar application.

1 Abstract The diploma thesis is focused on applying restrictive measures in critical situations with client in low-threshold facilities for children and youth. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part has six chapters. The first chapter defines term of a low-threshold facilities for children and youth (hereafter "NZDM" - abbrev coming from the Czech term) and aims at history of street social work and roots of beginning of NZDM in the Czech Republic. It also explains low-threshold principle, aims of NZDM, and content of the service. The second chapter defines a worker of NZDM as per law, his/her abilities and competencies. In the third chapter there is description of a focus group; the fourth chapter directs methods of working with the focus group. The fifth chapter defines term of a conflict; the sixth term of a sanction (restrictive measures). The practical part brings information about research strategy; it defines main aim and research questionnaire. Questions are focused on sanctions which are used by workers of NZDM in conflict situations, how they see usage of such sanctions when looking back, and what would be their recommendation to colleagues who are in difficult conflict situation. Further there is description of a research group - contact workers of NZDMs,...

Duale Prozessmodelle unterscheiden implizite und explizite Formen der Informations-verarbeitung (Strack & Deutsch, 2004). Implizite Verarbeitung erfolgt schnell und un-bewusst und basiert auf affektiv-assoziativen Netzwerken. Explizite Verarbeitung geschieht überlegt und langsam und beinhaltet bewusste, kognitive Entscheidungsprozesse. In dualen Prozessmodellen der Motivation sagen implizite Motive langfristiges Verhalten und explizite Motive bewusste Entscheidungen vorher (McClelland, et al., 1989). Hoher positiver Affekt sowie geringer negativer Affekt aktivieren implizite kognitive Systeme während eine entgegen gesetzte Ausprägung explizite Informationsverarbeitung bahnt (J. Kuhl, 2000a). Drei Feldstudien untersuchen die diskriminante Validität impliziter vs. expliziter motivationaler Prozesse für das Verhalten in unbewussten vs. bewussten kritischen Situatio-nen im Hochleistungssport. In Studie 1 und 2 wird bei Tennis- (N = 60) und Basketballspielern (N = 56) die Fähigkeit erhoben, positiven und negativen Affekt zu regulieren (ACS-90; J. Kuhl, 1994). In Studie 3 (N = 86) werden zusätzlich implizite (OMT; J. Kuhl & Scheffer, 1999) und explizite Motive (PRF; D. N. Jackson, 1999) sowie die Fähigkeit zur bewussten Selbstregulation (VCQ; J. Kuhl & Fuhrmann, 1998) gemessen. In Studie 1 sagen explizite Formen der Verarbeitung (niedrige positive Affektregulation) die Tennisleistung in objektiv kritischen (wie Tie Breaks) aber nicht in bewusst kritischen Situationen vorher. In Studie 2 führt implizite Verarbeitung (hohe negative Af-fektregulation) zu besseren Basketballleistungen in objektiv kritischen Spielen. In Studie 3 unterstützt explizite Verarbeitung Leistungen in bewusst kritischen Situationen im Rückschlagsport. In unbewusst kritischen Situationen erzielen dagegen Sportler mit ausgeprägten impliziten Motiven bessere Ergebnisse. Die Befunde werden hinsichtlich der Sportartenspezifik, dem Grad der Bewusstheit sowie Persönlichkeitsunterschiede diskutiert. / Dual-process models distinguish implicit and explicit ways of information processing (Strack & Deutsch, 2004). Implicit processes are based on associative affective networks and operate fast and unconsciously. Explicit processing is a cognitive, usually slow, deliberate, and conscious way of decision-making. Dual-process models of motivation propose that implicit motives predict long-term behavior and explicit motives predict deliberate decisions (McClelland, Koestner, & Weinberger, 1989). Up-regulation of positive affect and down-regulation of negative affect activate implicit cognitive systems while regulation in the opposite direction triggers explicit information processing (J. Kuhl, 2000a). Within three field studies it is investigated whether implicit vs. explicit motivational processes are of discriminant validity for professional athletic behavior in unconsciously vs. consciously critical situations. In study one and two, tennis (N = 60) and basketball professionals’ (N = 56) abilities to regulate positive and negative affect (ACS-90; J. Kuhl, 1994) are assessed. In study three (N = 86) the additional measures of implicit (OMT; J. Kuhl & Scheffer, 1999) and explicit motives (PRF; D. N. Jackson, 1999) as well as conscious self-regulation (VCQ; J. Kuhl & Fuhrmann, 1998) are used. Study one proposes that explicit processing supports performance in objective critical situations (tie breaks) in tennis. However, in consciously critical situations no advantage for explicitly processing athletes could be found. In study two implicitly processing basketball players perform better in objectively critical games. In the final study racquet sportsmen who process explicitly perform better in consciously critical situations. In contrast, in unconsciously critical situations athletes with high implicit motives gain better results. Findings are discussed from the perspective of task specificity, degree of awareness, and individual differences.