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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A dimensão subjetiva da dominação social: a recepção de Nietzsche na teoria crítica de Horkheimer nas décadas de 1930 e 1940 / The subjective aspect of social domination: Nietzsches reception in Horkheimers critical theory from the 1930s and 1940s

Fernandes, Simone Bernardete 17 June 2019 (has links)
Esta dissertação examina a recepção de Nietzsche na teoria crítica de Horkheimer explicitando o modo como a sua filosofia é apropriada nos quadros teóricos das décadas de 1930 e 1940 para a investigação dos bloqueios à emancipação de ordem subjetiva, com foco sobre a noção de interiorização [Verinnerlichung]. Nos anos 1930, para compreender a fixação dos indivíduos pela autoridade e a manipulação das massas, são analisados os efeitos das renúncias e da interiorização dos instintos no contexto de uma antropologia da sociedade burguesa. Na década de 1940, está em jogo o vínculo da razão esclarecida com a dominação, relacionado à dominação de si e dos outros que permearam a formação da subjetividade desde a sua pré-história e compreendido com referência à ideia de interiorização do sacrifício. Pretende-se determinar o papel da filosofia de Nietzsche no pensamento de Horkheimer argumentando-se, em primeiro lugar, que esta aproximação remonta aos anos 1930 e não à influência de Adorno na elaboração da Dialética do esclarecimento e, em segundo lugar, que as contradições internas desta filosofia e as suas contradições com a teoria crítica são profícuas para a filosofia de Horkheimer. / This dissertation thematizes the reception of Nietzsche\'s philosophy in Horkheimer\'s critical theory from the 1930s and 1940s, investigating how it is appropriated for an analysis of the obstacles to social emancipation situated in subjectivity, with reference to the concept of internalization [Verinnerlichung]. In the 1930s, the fixation of the individuals on authority and the manipulation of the masses are investigated through an analysis of the effects of the renunciation and the internalization of instincts, in the context of an anthropology of the bourgeois society. In the 1940s, Horkheimer and Adorno explicit the entailment of enlightened reason on domination, arising from the domination of oneself and of others that permeated the subjective formation since its pre-history, described with the resource to the idea of internalization of sacrifice. This dissertation intends to disclose the role of Nietzsche\'s philosophy in Horkheimer\'s thought, arguing, in the first place, that it goes back to the 1930s and it is not a consequence of Adorno\'s influence in the process of elaboration of the Dialects of Enlightenment, and, secondly, that the contradictions internal to this philosophy and its contradictions with critical theory are productive for Horkheimers philosophy.
2

Max Stirner como crítico da modernidade: entre dialética do esclarecimento e crítica radical da razão / Max Stirner as a critique of modernity: between dialectic of enlightenment and radical critique of reason

Otenio, Erinson Cardoso 03 May 2013 (has links)
Este trabalho teve por propósito abordar a filosofia de Max Stirner sob a perspectiva de que em seus textos os elementos delineadores do discurso filosófico moderno, dialética do esclarecimento e crítica radical da razão, convergem em uma crítica peculiar da modernidade em seu todo. Pode-se dizer que se, por um lado, tal crítica se encontra em continuidade com a filosofia jovem hegeliana, por outro, apresenta-se enquanto uma espécie de culminação antitética da mesma, colocando-se assim como que ao lado da tradição da crítica radical da razão que remonta a Nietzsche. Segundo essa nossa proposta interpretativa, aí se esboçaria um discurso filosófico da modernidade cuja peculiaridade seria de ora se assemelhar a uma, ora a outra forma de crítica que é feita à racionalidade centrada no sujeito. A análise dos textos de Stirner que então aqui se propõe visa mostrar como tal discurso se constitui e como o filósofo tem a intenção de levá-lo a um ponto culminante de onde não pode prosseguir seu rumo sem negar seus pressupostos. Isso demonstraria que a filosofia stirneriana não participa do discurso filosófico da modernidade como uma tentativa fracassada de sair dele, senão que o afirmaria enquanto momento necessário capaz de nos colocar diante de um novo limiar histórico. A crítica da modernidade que Stirner realiza quer assim, a um só tempo, ser a realização da filosofia moderna, pelas mostras que dá de sua fidelidade ao paradigma da filosofia do sujeito, e sua negação, ao apresentar o niilismo como a sua verdade. Nesse sentido, ela também seria antimoderna, na medida em que só pode se afirmar (paradoxalmente) em função da negação do próprio paradigma a que ainda se encontra vinculada, mas como sua expressão última que se nega ao se autodissolver, revelando, destarte, o único (o nada) como passagem para o absolutamente outro da modernidade. / The purpose of this study was to discuss Max Stirners philosophy from a perspective in which, in his works, the defining elements of modern philosophical discourse, \"dialectic of enlightenment\" and \"radical critique of reason\", converge in a peculiar critique of modernity as a whole. If, on the one hand, this criticism is in continuity with the young Hegelian philosophy, on the other hand, it presents itself as a kind of antithetical completion of this philosophy, placing itself alongside the tradition of radical critique of reason that goes back to Nietzsche. According to this interpretative proposal, it would be outlined a \"philosophical discourse of modernity\" whose peculiarity would be precisely to resemble sometimes one, sometimes the other form of critique that is made to this subject-centered rationality. The analysis of Stirnerian texts that is proposed here, then, aims to show how such discourse constitutes itself and how the philosopher intends to take it to a climax where it cannot continue its original course without denying its assumptions. This would demonstrate that the Stirnerian philosophy does not participate in philosophical discourse of modernity as a \"failed attempt\" to leave it but as a necessary moment, capable of putting ourselves to face a new historical threshold. In this way, it is assumed that the critique of modernity performed by Stirner wants to be at the same time the realization of modern philosophy which can be noted by his allegiance to the paradigm of the philosophy of the subject , and its denial by presenting nihilism as its truth. In this sense, it would also be anti-modern, because it can only affirm itself (paradoxically) on account of a disavowal of the paradigm with which it is committed, though as its ultimate expression, an expression that deny itself when it self dissolves, thus revealing the unique one (the nothing) as a passage to the absolute other of modernity.
3

Max Stirner como crítico da modernidade: entre dialética do esclarecimento e crítica radical da razão / Max Stirner as a critique of modernity: between dialectic of enlightenment and radical critique of reason

Erinson Cardoso Otenio 03 May 2013 (has links)
Este trabalho teve por propósito abordar a filosofia de Max Stirner sob a perspectiva de que em seus textos os elementos delineadores do discurso filosófico moderno, dialética do esclarecimento e crítica radical da razão, convergem em uma crítica peculiar da modernidade em seu todo. Pode-se dizer que se, por um lado, tal crítica se encontra em continuidade com a filosofia jovem hegeliana, por outro, apresenta-se enquanto uma espécie de culminação antitética da mesma, colocando-se assim como que ao lado da tradição da crítica radical da razão que remonta a Nietzsche. Segundo essa nossa proposta interpretativa, aí se esboçaria um discurso filosófico da modernidade cuja peculiaridade seria de ora se assemelhar a uma, ora a outra forma de crítica que é feita à racionalidade centrada no sujeito. A análise dos textos de Stirner que então aqui se propõe visa mostrar como tal discurso se constitui e como o filósofo tem a intenção de levá-lo a um ponto culminante de onde não pode prosseguir seu rumo sem negar seus pressupostos. Isso demonstraria que a filosofia stirneriana não participa do discurso filosófico da modernidade como uma tentativa fracassada de sair dele, senão que o afirmaria enquanto momento necessário capaz de nos colocar diante de um novo limiar histórico. A crítica da modernidade que Stirner realiza quer assim, a um só tempo, ser a realização da filosofia moderna, pelas mostras que dá de sua fidelidade ao paradigma da filosofia do sujeito, e sua negação, ao apresentar o niilismo como a sua verdade. Nesse sentido, ela também seria antimoderna, na medida em que só pode se afirmar (paradoxalmente) em função da negação do próprio paradigma a que ainda se encontra vinculada, mas como sua expressão última que se nega ao se autodissolver, revelando, destarte, o único (o nada) como passagem para o absolutamente outro da modernidade. / The purpose of this study was to discuss Max Stirners philosophy from a perspective in which, in his works, the defining elements of modern philosophical discourse, \"dialectic of enlightenment\" and \"radical critique of reason\", converge in a peculiar critique of modernity as a whole. If, on the one hand, this criticism is in continuity with the young Hegelian philosophy, on the other hand, it presents itself as a kind of antithetical completion of this philosophy, placing itself alongside the tradition of radical critique of reason that goes back to Nietzsche. According to this interpretative proposal, it would be outlined a \"philosophical discourse of modernity\" whose peculiarity would be precisely to resemble sometimes one, sometimes the other form of critique that is made to this subject-centered rationality. The analysis of Stirnerian texts that is proposed here, then, aims to show how such discourse constitutes itself and how the philosopher intends to take it to a climax where it cannot continue its original course without denying its assumptions. This would demonstrate that the Stirnerian philosophy does not participate in philosophical discourse of modernity as a \"failed attempt\" to leave it but as a necessary moment, capable of putting ourselves to face a new historical threshold. In this way, it is assumed that the critique of modernity performed by Stirner wants to be at the same time the realization of modern philosophy which can be noted by his allegiance to the paradigm of the philosophy of the subject , and its denial by presenting nihilism as its truth. In this sense, it would also be anti-modern, because it can only affirm itself (paradoxically) on account of a disavowal of the paradigm with which it is committed, though as its ultimate expression, an expression that deny itself when it self dissolves, thus revealing the unique one (the nothing) as a passage to the absolute other of modernity.
4

Raison, délire et critique : psychanalyse et critique de la raison chez Adorno et Horkheimer / Reason, madness and critique : psychoanalysis and Critique of Reason by Adorno and Horkheimer / Vernunft, Wahn und Kritik : Psychoanalyse und Vernunftkritik bei Adorno und Horkheimer

Grivaux, Agnès 11 June 2018 (has links)
Nous proposons dans ce travail une interprétation de la référence à la psychanalyse chez Adorno et Horkheimer, en partant de son usage dans un champ inattendu, quoique central : la critique de la rationalité. Adorno et Horkheimer affirment, notamment dans la Dialectique de la raison, que la raison, concept à la fois central et structurant pour la société moderne capitaliste, entre en conflit avec elle-même jusqu'à son autodestruction, qui doit être comprise comme passage dans la folie. Nous entendons soutenir que cette affirmation peut être comprise de manière non-métaphorique par le recours à la psychanalyse, à partir d’une double lecture de leurs écrits, à la fois génétique et micrologique. Nous situons la genèse du croisement entre psychanalyse et critique de la rationalité dans leurs premiers travaux, au moment de traiter du rapport entre psychologie et théorie de la connaissance, d’abord dans une perspective philosophique néokantienne, puis dans le cadre du programme de recherches interdisciplinaires des années trente. Ce croisement précoce conduit Adorno et Horkheimer à s’intéresser tant à la part inconsciente qui travaille les processus de connaissance, qu’à la logique des phénomènes apparemment les plus irrationnels. Nous réinterprétons ainsi les travaux des années trente et quarante comme la mise au jour d’une conjonction de formes spécifiques de rationalisation sociale avec la montée de phénomènes sociaux particulièrement irrationnels, notamment liés à l’émergence du fascisme. Cette conjonction mène alors à la thématisation psychanalytique de l’autodestruction de la raison. Notre thèse est que la mise au jour de ce paradigme critique singulier – qui associe approche psychanalytique, critique de la raison et théorie de la connaissance – révèle de façon cohérente et globale la fonction attribuée à la psychanalyse par ces auteurs : rendre compte de la déraison comme effet de la logique contradictoire que la société moderne capitaliste établit entre nature et histoire. Nous pouvons ainsi conclure notre travail en analysant à quelle condition une théorie de la connaissance dialectique et critique est susceptible de ne pas reconduire l’écueil que la psychanalyse a permis d’identifier au niveau social, à savoir la réduction du rapport entre histoire et nature à un rapport de domination. Nous entendons ainsi montrer les potentialités critiques de ce paradigme dans le cadre des débats contemporains sur les pathologies de la raison. / In this study, we will propose an interpretation of the psychoanalytic references in the works of Adorno and Horkheimer, by starting from the way they are used in an unexpected, and yet central, field: the critique of rationality. Especially in Dialectics of Enlightenment, Adorno and Horkheimer affirm that reason, a concept that is both central and structuring to the modern capitalist society, comes into conflit with itself to the point of its self-destruction, which should be understood as a passage to madness. We intend to defend that this affirmation can be understood, by having recourse to psychoanalysis, in a non-metaphorical manner, starting from a double reading, both genetic and micrologic, of their writings. We situate the genesis of the intersection between psychoanalysis and the critique of rationality in their early works, when they were dealing with the relationship between psychology and the theory of knowledge, at first in a neo-Kantian perspective, then within the framework of the program of interdisciplinary research in the thirties. This precocious intersection led them to become interested as much in the unconscious part which works through the process of knowledge, as in the logic of phenomena which are apparently the most irrational. We therefore interpret their works from the thirties and forties as the unveiling of a conjunction of specific forms of social rationalization with the rising of particularly irrational phenomena, especially related to the emergence of fascism. This conjunction then leads to the psychoanalytical thematisation of reason’s self destruction. Our thesis is that by disclosing this singular critical paradigm – which links together the psychoanalytical approach, the critique of reason, and the theory of knowledge – the function attributed to psychoanalysis by these authors can be revealed in a global and coherent fashion: accounting for unreason as an effect of the contradictory logic that the modern capitalist society establishes between nature and history. We can therefore conclude our work by analyzing on what condition a dialectical and critical theory of knowledge is likely to avoid the pitfall that psychoanalysis has allowed to identify at the social level, i.e. the reduction of the relation between history and nature to a relation of domination. In this way, the critical potentials of this paradigm within the framework of contemporary debates on the pathologies of reason can be brought to light.

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