Nous proposons une appréhension conjointe de la royauté dans ces trois royaumes de l’Orient chrétien, établis respectivement à la fin des XIe et XIIe siècles, ce qui constitue une approche historique et anthropologique inédite. Ces royaumes partagent l’originalité de situations de fondation ou de refondation qui permettent d’envisager non seulement les cadres structurels mais surtout le substrat théorique qui sous-entend la construction étatique. Dans les cas que nous étudions, cela se traduit par le choix, non automatique et donc réfléchi, d’une forme de gouvernement par l’instauration d’une royauté. Nous nous interrogeons sur son unicité, la solidité de ses structures et finalement son caractère dynamique puisqu’elle s’articule sur une communauté actrice de sa fondation, de sa délégation et de son exercice même. Et ces royautés s’établissent sur des espaces nouveaux qui nécessitent des territorialisations dont les aspects symboliques sont remarquables et plus prégnants que les réalités parfois altérées.À partir d’un large corpus de documents, notre analyse est fondée sur la notion de représentation qui induit un processus de diffusion, d’acceptation et révèle la malléabilité du concept de royauté intrinsèquement lié à des éléments de dynamiques internes et externes. La royauté s’avère alors avant tout interactive, fondée sur un faisceau de légitimités concourantes plus que concurrentes, renvoyant à ses dimensions plurielles. Les parts collectives et personnelles s’imbriquent, supposant un pouvoir plus partagé que délégué avec une diversité d’acteurs. / We propose a joint apprehension of those three kingdoms in Christian East, which is an original historical and anthropological analysis. Those kingdoms share the original aspect of being state’s foundation, so we consider the structural and theoretical frameworks which underlie the state construction. In those cases it appears that the choice of a kingship as a government way in conscious and well-considered. We wonder about its uniqueness and its dynamics because this kingship is built by an active community of the constituents of the kingdoms which work for its foundation, its exercise and its delegation. These kingships settle in new spaces which need to be characterized and present symbolic aspects in link with the Holy land. From a wide corpus of documents, we analyze the concept of representation: the process of acceptance of power with its ways and supports of diffusion, its contents, particularly how they are defined by the actors of kingship themselves in order to justify the mediating and eminent position of the king.

En 1187, après près d’un siècle de domination sur Jérusalem, les Latins perdent la Ville sainte face aux armées de Saladin. L’événement produit un choc immédiat et d’une ampleur considérable en Occident, donnant lieu à des actions militaires, liturgiques, mais aussi à des élaborations littéraires et picturales spécifiques, poursuivies jusqu’aux dernières tentatives de reconquêtes de la Terre sainte au XIVe siècle. En partant de ces réactions face à la chute, ce travail se propose d’observer d’abord le rapport de la chrétienté latine à la perte de Jérusalem : l’impact qu’eut celle-ci en Occident, les discours et les images qui en sont nés, la mémoire qu’elle a généré et ses évolutions permettent de cerner, à côté du persistant désir de recouvrer les Lieux saints, les marques d’un regret de plus en plus affirmé à leur égard. Il s’agit aussi de voir en quoi cette nouvelle relation à la Ville sainte a pu modifier la perception de celle-ci. La revendication de la cité donne ainsi l’occasion aux Latins de repenser et de réaffirmer les liens qui unissent Jérusalem au christianisme et à la chrétienté, pour mieux en justifier la récupération et en réaffirmer l’importance dans le plan de salut chrétien. Dans le même temps, la nostalgie dont la cité fait l’objet tend à la ramener à une dimension plus mythique et plus symbolique encore, qui apparaît aussi comme un moyen pour les Latins de continuer de se réapproprier Jérusalem à travers son image, pour mieux en conjurer la perte. / In 1187, after nearly a century of Christian rule over Jerusalem, the Latins lost the Holy City to the army of Saladin. The fall triggered an instant, overwhelming reaction of shock in the West and led to military and liturgical action, as well as to the production of specific literary and pictorial depictions, which continued until the last attempts at recapturing the Holy Land in the 14th century. Through these representations, this thesis examines Latin Christianity’s response to the loss of Jerusalem: its impact in the West, the resulting discourses and images, and the evolving memory it created combine to indicate an increasingly vivid sense of regret. This new relationship with the Holy City also altered the way it was perceived. Indeed, laying claim to the city was a way for the Latins to reconsider and reaffirm Christianity’s ties to Jerusalem, and therefore justify attempts to recover it and assert its importance in Christian salvation. At the same time, the nostalgia the city inspires lends it a legendary, symbolic dimension; the latter offers the Latins a way to reclaim Jerusalem through its image, in order to ward off their loss.

No description available.

The thesis deals with the description and analysis of the various forms of relations between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Cilicia in the period 1199-1175, during the existence of the kingdom. In introduction it provides a brief overview of the historical development of both states, with emphasis on common developmental stages in the mentioned period. The core analyzes primary sources of narrative and official character which reflect the relations of both states.

.

This thesis deals with different narratives of the crusades found in czech high school history textbooks published during the 20th century. The paper shows various narrative strategies, use of languages and figures of speech that allow for many different points of view and a wide range of explanations of the same historical material. The paper is grounded in the historical narrativism paradigm and organized as follows: the first chapter introduces the theoretical background of narrativism, the second chapter deals with the theoretical approach to history textbooks and with the research that has gone into them. The third chapter offers analyses of all of the scrutinized history textbooks. The fourth and final chapter presents a synthesis spanning all the textbooks, looking for various recurring themes and phenomena.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis aims to revise the established history of the passage of the Second Crusade through the Byzantine Empire and Anatolia in 1147. In particular, it seeks to readdress the ill-fated advance of the army nominally headed by King Conrad III Staufen of Germany towards Ikonion, the fledging Seljuk capital of RÅ«m. The work consists of four mutually supportive parts. Part I serves to introduce the thesis, the historiographical trends of the current scholarship, and the Byzantine notion of the Latin 'barbarian', a stock, literary representation of the non-Greek other which distorts the Greek textual evidence. Part II analyses the source portrayal of particular incidents as the army marched through the Byzantine Empire, provides analyses of those events based on new approaches to interpreting the sources and a consideration of the army's logistical arrangements, and argues that the traditional historiography has been and continues to be subject to textual misrepresentation. An understanding of the topology of Anatolia is required to appreciate why the army failed to reach Ikonion. Part III therefore consists of chapters devoted to the geography of Anatolia, the form, function and the population density of the typical twelfth-century town, the country's changeable medieval geopolitical landscape, and the settlement patterns and the way of life of western Anatolia's pastoral-nomadic warriors. Part IV revisits the Latin, Syriac and Greek sources which constitute the written history of the crusade in Anatolia, analyses the concerns of the army's executive decision makers within geopolitical, logistical, topographical and tactical frameworks, and offers a reconsideration of the established location of where the army ceased to advance on Ikonion, and a new version of the circumstances which led to the decision to retreat.