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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Nous avons évalué les effets de l'association d'un nouvel analogue du sirolimus, le SDZ RAD, et une nouvelle formulation de la CsA, le Néoral, sur la survie d'allogreffe dans le modèle de transplantation orthotopique de l'intestin grêle chez le rat. Les huit groupes (n=6) inclus dans cette étude comprenaient deux groupes témoins, des allogreffes et des isogreffes, et trois combinaisons pour l'évaluation des réactions immunes HVG [Lewis (LEW) x Brown Norway (BN) (LBN)-F1 -LEW], GVH (LEW-F1 ), et GVH et HVG combinés (BN-LEW). Les deux médicaments étaient administrés par voie orale pour une période allant jusqu'à 90 jours. Deux tests de fonction servaient à évaluer l'état fonctionnel de l'allogreffe: le test de perméabilité au 51Cr-EDTA et le test d'absorption du maltose. Pour le modèle HVG, le groupe contrôle na·1f démontre un temps de survie moyen (MTS) de 9.5 ± 1 .0 jours. Les groupes traités avec le SDZ RAD ne démontrent pas une réponse relative à la dose: 1.0 mg/kg/J, MST 17.3 ± 5.4 jours (p=0.001 ); 2.5 mg/kg/J, MTS 19.2 ± 4.8 jours (p=0.001 ); il en est de même avec les groupes traités avec le Néoral: 2.0 mg/kg/j, MTS 15.0 ± 1.7 jours (p=0.001); 5.0 mg/kg/j, MTS 28.8 ± 5.7 jours, (p=0.001 ). Comparée aux résultats de la monothérapie avec chaque médicament, leur association démontre une interaction synergique forte ou très forte: SDZ-RAD 1.0 mg/kg/j + Néoral 2.0 mg/kg/j, MTS 57.8 ± 6.7 jours, (p=0.001, index de combinaison (IC)=0.095); SDZ RAD 2.5 mg/kg/j + Néoral 5.0 mg/kg/j, MTS 70.5±12.8 (p=0.001, Cl=0.112). Les mêmes types de résultats sont obtenus dans le modèle de GVH: SDZ RAD 1.0 mg/kg/j + Néoral 2.0 mg/kg{j, MTS 48.5 ± 6.4 jours, (p=0.001, IC=0.027); SDZ-RAD 2.5 mg/kg/j + Néoral 5.0 kg/mg{j, MTS 63.0 ± 13.6 jours, (p=0.001, Cl=0.020). Ces résultats démontrent une interaction synergique très forte en comparaison à la monothérapie avec SDZ RAD 1.0 mg/kg/j, MTS ·15.3 ± 1.7 jours, (p=0.001); SDZ RAD 2.5 mg/kg{j, MTS 21.7 ± 3.0 jours, (p=0.001); Néoral 2.0 mg/kg/J, MTS 17. 7 ± 1.4 jours (p=0.001 ); Néoral 5.0 mg/kg/j, MTS 27.8 ± 4.4 jours (p=0.001 ); pour les contrôles na'ffs: MTS 8.3 ± 1.2 jours. Pour le modèle de combiné de HVG et GVH , l'association SDZ RAD 1.0 mg/kg{j + Néoral 2.0 mg/kg/j (MTS 52.3 ± 5.4 jours, Cl=0.070) , SDZ RAD 2.5 mg/kg/j + Néoral 5.0 mg/kg/j (MTS 69.0 ± 5.3 jours, Cl=0.301) représente une interaction synergique forte. Le test de perméabilité au 51Cr-EDTA révèle une perte de fonction pour les groupes traités à cause du rejet et reflète une crise de rejet durant les 2ème et 3ème semaines postopératoires. Le test d'absorption du maltose ne révèle rien de concluant concernant des crises de rejet. Par contre, il refléte une perte de fonction pour les groupes subissant le rejet. Nous concluons que la thérapie concomitante SDZ RAD et Néoral procure un effet synergique important dans l'inhibition des réactions immunes HVG, GVH, et HVG-GVH dans le modèle de la transplantation de l'intestin grêle chez le rat.

La télévision traditionnelle, « voix de la France » est un média de masse. Avec un taux d’équipement des foyers de plus de 98%, un taux d’écoute de plus de 3h50 par jour, un chiffre d’affaires publicitaires de plus de 4 Mrd EUR , et des « contenus rendez-vous » assurant des audiences record, cette télévision trône dans le salon et réunit la famille. Jusque dans les années 1980, elle reste placée sous le contrôle du pouvoir politique.Sous la Présidence de François Mitterrand, la télévision se libéralise. De nouvelles chaînes privées et commerciales financées par l’audience et la publicité apparaissent, tandis que le secteur public reste principalement financé par la redevance audiovisuelle. Dans les années 90, l’arrivée du câble et du satellite, puis de la TNT en 2005, permettent l’accroissement considérable du nombre de nouvelles chaînes et des offres de télévision (abonnements au câble, au satellite, et à Canal + en 1984). Le numérique révolutionne le secteur de la télévision, les technologies et les usages. Le nombre de chaînes continue de s’accroître de façon exponentielle. On voit se développer la production de contenus générés par les consommateurs (UGC), et l’interactivité est favorisée grâce aux réseaux sociaux. L’évolution des équipements changent les habitudes de consommation du petit écran, notamment pour les plus jeunes. L’ordinateur, la tablette, le Smartphone et la télévision connectée permettent de visionner « la télévision comme je veux, où je veux, quand je veux. ». Ainsi la télévision traditionnelle considérée comme un média de masse, tend à s’individualiser, et s’adapte aux goûts et aux envies de chacun. L’écosystème jusqu’à présent hexagonal est littéralement en train d’exploser pour faire face à l’internationalisation des contenus et à des acteurs audiovisuels majoritairement nord-américains. La réglementation devenue obsolète peine à trouver un nouveau cadre juridique à l’échelle française et européenne. Face à l’offre mondialisée, et les nouveaux usages de consommation notamment les usages délinéarisés (télévision de rattrapage, et Vidéo à la demande), la télévision continue néanmoins à fédérer le public autour de grands évènements d’actualité (évènements sportifs, politiques, journal télévisé du 20h…). Les profondes mutations et les changements rapides qui s’opèrent actuellement laissent planer une grande incertitude sur l’avenir de la télévision traditionnelle et faute de pouvoir s’adapter, celle-ci pourrait à plus ou moins long terme disparaitre… / Traditional TV, "Voice of France" is a mass medium. With a home ownership rate of over 98%, a viewing rate of l more than 3.50 hours, advertising revenue of over 4 billion euros , and “contenus Rendez-vous” bringing in record audiences, television rules over the living room, bringing the family together up into the 1980s. It is, however, controlled by the ruling political powers.Under the presidency of François Mitterrand, television was liberalized with the appearance of new private and commercial channels, financed by audiences and advertising, while the public sector continued to be funded by a license fee. In the 90s, the arrival of cable and satellite, followed by TNT in 2005, allowed the amazing increase of a number of new channels and TV services (« subscriptions to cable, satellite and finally Canal + in 1984 )But this evolution continues with the arrival of digital TV, revolutionizing the industry. It increases the number of channels exponentially, expands the production of content generated by consumers, and promotes interactivity through social networks. Technological advances are changing consumer habits with regard to the small screen, especially for young people. The computer, tablet, smartphone and the connected TV let you watch "television as I want, where I want, when I want”. Traditional TV, once considered as a mass media, is now a media that is individualized and that adapts to the tastes and desires of each viewer.The current financial system in France is literally exploding to deal with the internationalization of audiovisual content and players, with most of the content produced in North America.. Obsolete regulations can no longer keep pace with consumer demand in Europe and France. Faced with global supply and new viewing habits (delinearised viewing: replayand video on demand), television still continues to unite the public around major news events (sporting events, political events, the evening news …). The important, rapid changes now occurring in TV content and distribution lead to considerable uncertainty with regard to the future of traditional television, and unless it can adapt, it could more or less disappear in the long term.

The thesis concentrates on the issue of sexual abuse in childhood. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first and second chapter characterizes the development of a role of child from past to the present, particularly in legal terms. The author's focus is dedicated to the term definition of sexual child abuse, data and incidence of sexual abuse in context with other countries. Supported by viewpoint of other authors, a description of different views on sexual abuse of children is presented with specific forms of abuse (contact and non-contact). The third chapter deals with specific risk factors, related to children, the perpetrators (aggressors) and families. Autor´s focus is on the offender (deviant and non-deviant) and their degree of threat. The data is supported by research results published in the Czech Republic and statistical data from OSPOD MLSA. The last, fourth chapter is considered by the author to be of a great importance as it discusses the implications derived from sexual abuse in childhood. This traumatic experience may have crucial impact on further development and quality of life of the victim. The work is concluded with offers of preventative methods and the role of social worker in the process of uncovering a case of sexual abuse of a child.

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This study explored Childline Zimbabwe’s provision of psychosocial support to sexually abused children. This was done by reviewing counsellors’ practices regarding face-to-face counselling, counselling approaches, referrals, follow-ups, case recording and through measuring client satisfaction levels. A qualitative case study approach was adopted with mixed methods to collect data from counsellors and clients. Data analysis was informed by grounded theory and followed an inductive process of coding and categorising the data into relevant themes. The outcomes of this study showed that referral of clients represents a major strategy of addressing child sexual abuse cases. The engagement of clients in face-to-face counselling stages however remained limited due to difficult work environments and challenges related to individual counsellors’ capacities. This posed questions about Childline’s role as a counselling or referral organisation. This study contributes to counselling of sexually abused children with information over the counselling interventions necessary in addressing survivors of sexual abuse. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

This study explored Childline Zimbabwe’s provision of psychosocial support to sexually abused children. This was done by reviewing counsellors’ practices regarding face-to-face counselling, counselling approaches, referrals, follow-ups, case recording and through measuring client satisfaction levels. A qualitative case study approach was adopted with mixed methods to collect data from counsellors and clients. Data analysis was informed by grounded theory and followed an inductive process of coding and categorising the data into relevant themes. The outcomes of this study showed that referral of clients represents a major strategy of addressing child sexual abuse cases. The engagement of clients in face-to-face counselling stages however remained limited due to difficult work environments and challenges related to individual counsellors’ capacities. This posed questions about Childline’s role as a counselling or referral organisation. This study contributes to counselling of sexually abused children with information over the counselling interventions necessary in addressing survivors of sexual abuse. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms and childhood experiences, and to explore the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and core beliefs as variables possibly mediating this relationship. Previous research with clinical samples has established a strong link between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD (& other PD) symptoms in clinical samples. However, difficulties with these studies limit the specificity of results. For example, BPD has been shown to be highly comorbid with other axis I and axis II psychiatric conditions. Given that studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment generally fail to control for these comorbid conditions, the specificity of their results must be questioned. Furthermore, it has been well established that childhood familial environment is strongly related to childhood maltreatment. Again studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment have generally failed to concurrently assess childhood familial environments, hence opening the possibility that the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment may be due to family functioning rather than childhood maltreatment per se. Finally, studies linking childhood maltreatment with adult BPD have primarily utilized clinical samples. However, the primary use of clinical samples to examine the aetiology of disorders in this context ignores the vast literature showing adequate psychological functio ning for the majority of individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. Hence, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD symptoms in a primarily non-clinical sample whilst statistically controlling for commonly comorbid axis I and axis II symptomatology and concurrently measuring childhood familial functioning. It was a secondary aim of the current study to examine the mediating effects of beliefs on the relationship between childhood factors (i.e., childhood maltreatment & childhood familial functioning) and adult BPD symptomatology. That is, cognitive-behavioural theorists argue that personality disorders may be triggered by adverse childhood experiences leading to maladaptive beliefs (or schemas) related to the self, others, and the world, and it is these beliefs which lead to the behavioural disturbances evident in personality disorders. One hundred and eighty-five primarily non-clinical participants completed questionnaires measuring a variety of axis I and axis II symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs, as well as retrospective reports of family functioning and childhood maltreatment. Results showed a significant relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology. For example, the largest correlation between BPD symptoms and a childhood factor was .27 (for childhood emotional abuse). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology thus supporting cognitive-behavioural theories of personality disorders. However, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were also found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and other Axis I and Axis II symptoms. Hence, it was concluded that while there was some support for a cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD symptoms, future research is needed in exploring the specificity of the cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MC - volume I.pdf: 909223 bytes, checksum: cc5990de43a280b0ad4d88104dd1513a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / In the recent years Corporate Social Action (CSA) has become more and more relevant to corporate context. The aim is to benefit both poor communities and the donnor companies, as it meets the needs of their salient stakeholders. Nevertheless, there still exists considerable scepticism concerning CSA. In order to become a solid management practice, it is critcal to evidence the attained results. Up to now, the focus has been on process evaluation, that is, on the policies companies are adopting. Literature revision has shown a great need of studies related to results identification in this field. Therefore, using stakeholders` framework (according to Wood, 1991; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), we have developped a methodology to evaluate CSA results, based on public and private effectiveness criteria. As we applied it to assess Xerox social action in Brazil we were able to identify the attainment degree of expected results related to the benefitted community (Mangueira) and also to some Xerox salient stakeholders (employees and clients). / Nos últimos anos, a ação social das empresas (ASE) vem cada vez mais ganhando relevância no contexto corporativo. A expectativa é de que essa ação possa beneficiar tanto as comunidades carentes como a própria empresa, na medida em que atenda aos interesses dos seus stakeholders relevantes. No entanto, ainda existe considerável ceticismo quanto à ASE. Para que ela se torne uma prática de gestão sólida, torna-se fundamental evidenciar os resultados alcançados. Até o momento, o foco das avaliações tem sido no processo, ou seja, nas medidas que as empresas vêm tomando. Por outro lado, a revisão da literatura apontou a grande carência de estudos no que diz respeito à identificação de resultados nessa área. Assim, utilizando o enfoque dos stakeholders (Wood, 1991; Donaldson e Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), desenvolvemos uma metodologia para avaliar os resultados da ASE com base nos critérios da eficácia pública e da eficácia privada. Quando a aplicamos para avaliar a ação social da Xerox no Brasil, pudemos identificar o grau de alcance dos resultados esperados para a comunidade atendida (Mangueira) e para alguns dos seus stakeholders relevantes (funcionários e clientes).