Considering all the developments and dynamics spanning the Andean cultural history, contact between Andeans and Europeans in the sixteenth century was unprecedented in terms of scope, impact and violence. Paradoxically, it is a time period that has received little archaeological attention. Historic Peru has almost always been studied through the ethnohistorical sources, revealing incomplete and often distorted by layers of European ethnocentrism and behavioral misperception of Andean cultures. Often, the very lives of people and the nuanced experiences of native cultures have remained unknown, obscured by a lack of data and wide range of assumptions about the colonial society that emerged in the wake of the conquest. This article applies bioarchaeological perspectives in the study of colonial Central Andes. The excavations in the village of Mórrope, Lambayeque Valley (northern Peru) allows us to integrate multiple independent lines of ethnohistoric, archaeological, and biological data to examine two central issues: (1) How did conquest impact patterns of pre-Hispanic health, diet, and physical activity? (2) What do burial patterns reveal about parallel processes of native cultural change and identity in colonial Peru? / Considerando la totalidad de los desarrollos y dinamicas culturales que abarca la historia andina, el contacto entre los andinos y los europeos a partir del siglo XVI no tiene precedentes en terminos de su alcance, impacto y violencia. Paradojicamente, es la epoca que ha recibido poca atencion arqueologica. El Peru historico, casi siempre, ha sido estudiado a traves de las fuentes etnohistoricas que son reveladoras e incompletas, a menudo distorsionadas por capas de etnocentrismo europeo y percepcion erronea del comportamiento de las culturas andinas. A menudo, la vida misma y los matices de las experiencias vividas por las culturas nativas son desconocidos, y estan cubiertos de misterio y de una amplia gama de supuestos acerca de la sociedad colonial que surgio de la estela de la conquista. En este articulo, se aplican las perspectivas bioarqueologicas en el estudio de los Andes Centrales coloniales. Las excavaciones en el pueblo de Morrope, valle de Lambayeque (Costa Norte del Peru), nos permiten integrar multiples lineas de datos independientes etnohistoricos, arqueologicos y biologicos para examinar dos cuestiones centrales: 1) .Como impacto la conquista en los patrones de salud, actividad fisica y dieta prehispanicos? 2) .Que revelan los patrones de enterramiento como experiencias paralelas de cambio cultural e identidad nativa en el Peru colonial?

A pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender o sistema de assentamento dos grupos sambaquianos que ocuparam o Complexo Lagunar de Saquarema entre 6.600-1.500 anos cal BP. Tendo por base o pressuposto de que o estudo da continuidade e da mudança é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estudos regionais, foi construído um modelo onde dois fatores, mudança ambiental e contato intersocietal, influenciaram o processo de transformação sociocultural verificado entre os grupos sambaquianos. Assim, embora partilhassem traços comuns, o que lhes permitia manter um caráter identitário - podendo esse ser vislumbrado num sistema de assentamento onde as relações sociais se davam em função da laguna de Saquarema - os grupos sambaquianos apresentavam diferenças entre si, resultado de um longo processo adaptativo. A gradual mudança na disponibilidade de recursos malacológicos acabou por resultar no fortalecimento de um grupo sobre outro. Os melhores adaptados, representados pelos ocupantes dos sambaquis de Saquarema e da Pontinha, tiveram contato com grupos ceramistas relacionados à tradição Una, ocupantes do sítio Ilha dos Macacos. Tal contato pôde ser verificado através do aparato tecnológico (predomínio absoluto dos artefatos de lascamento), pela adoção de novas práticas funerárias (cremação, manipulação de ossos humanos) e pela concomitância das ocupações. Assim, por volta de 2.000 anos cal AP, esse contato, somado a um processo que já vinha se desenvolvendo no interior do sistema, marcou o início do colapso da sociedade sambaquiana no Complexo Lagunar de Saquarema. / This research aimed contributing to the understanding of the settlement pattern of sambaqui dwellers who occupied the Saquarema lagoonar system (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) between 6600 and 1500 cal years BP. It considers the premise that studies of continuity and change are the base to the development of regional synthesis. The model developed presumes that two factors, environmental change and intersocietary contact, have influenced the processes of sociocultural change in the sambaqui society. From this point of view, it is suggested that, although sambaqui people shared common characteristics that allowed them to keep an identity, sambaqui groups presented differences between each other, which resulted from a long adaptative process. This identitary character may be recognized in their settlement pattern, in which social relationships were established in relation with the Saquarema Lagoon. However, gradual changes in the availability of malacological resources induced the reinforcement of some groups over the others. Better-adapted groups, represented by the occupants of sambaquis Saquarema and Pontinha, have established contacts with ceramists related to Una tradition, who occupied Ilha dos Macacos. This contact is attested by the characteristics of the technological apparatus (absolute predominance of flaked artifacts), by the adoption of new funerary practices (cremation, manipulation of human bones) and by the concomitance of occupations. Around 2000 cal years BP, this contact, associated to a process that had already been developing inside the sambaqui system, marked the beginning of the collapse of the sambaqui society in the Saquarema lagoonar system.

On 6 May 1966 the ‘Trial of the Century’ came to an end. Chester Assizes court convicted Ian Brady and Myra Hindley for the murders of 12-year-old John Kilbride, 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, and 17-year-old Edward Evans. The court found Brady guilty on all three murder charges and sentenced him to three concurrent life sentences. Hindley received two life sentences for the murders of Downey and Evans, and a further seven years for being an after-the-fact accomplice in Brady’s murder of Kilbride. Following the description already given to the police investigation and trial, the newspapers gave Brady and Hindley the infamous label of the ‘Moors Murderers’ straight after the trial. The Moors murders have become a part of British folklore since the 1960s, but the case itself has hitherto received surprisingly little attention from academic historians. Following Martin Wiener’s injunction for historians to pay closer attention to murder stories, this doctoral thesis presents a cultural history of the Moors murders case. My study analyses the courtroom arguments, media coverage and post-trial books about the case, to interrogate broader themes of moral and cultural change in 1960s Britain. My thesis emphasises the multi-vocal nature of representations of both the case and the murderers in order to challenge the linear and progressive historiographies of the 1960s, associated in particular with Arthur Marwick. The thesis examines four major facets of the Moors murders story, dedicating a chapter to each. The first chapter explores how the news media (primarily the press, but also broadcast media) negotiated the story. The first detailed empirical analysis of newspaper coverage of the case reveals the limitations of studies structured primarily around social class. The thesis follows Stuart Hall and A.C.H. Smith in arguing that analyses of the press should not be reduced to a simple differentiation between popular, middle-brow and high-brow but should instead consider the ‘personalities’ of each publication and the moral relationships constructed with readers. Furthermore, the chapter engages with Adrian Bingham’s recent argument about the moral politics of the press, exploring his assertion that the popular press balanced commercial profits alongside a commitment to maintain their reputation as ‘family newspapers’. The chapter argues that content of the press coverage of the Moors murders case generated far greater concerns than the suspect practices of journalists. Chapters two and three focus in turn on the diverse representations of Ian Brady and Myra Hindley. Commentators debated the origins of the evil behind the murders, with some highlighting his illegitimacy, others his reading of ‘dangerous’ books, the writings of the Marquis de Sade especially. Hindley’s role was hotly contested: most commentators emphasised how she had changed under Brady’s influence, but disagreed over the extent of her own involvement in the murders. The thesis reveals for the first time how images of Nazi Germany shadowed the case. The thesis thus contributes to historical investigations of permissiveness in post-war England, engaging with debates about censorship, child-rearing, the changing role of women, and the popular memory of the holocaust. The fourth and final chapter analyses the tensions generated around a murder story which took place in urban settings, but which became indelibly associated with the rural locations of the moors. The story mobilised a distinctive combination of gothic imagery with a long literary heritage, and the more recent language of social realism.

The subject of this dissertation is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the transformations of cultural identity in the context of intercultural communication. In the course of processing the chosen topic the author used the theoretical knowledge acquired by studying professional books and other relevant sources as well as the empirical data which were gathered by the author during her anthropological field research over her two-year stay in Berlin. The main objective of the dissertation was to describe, analyse and interpret the phenomenon of cultural identity in the context of migration processes, globalization and the European refugee crisis. Special attention was, therefore, paid to the situation of foreigners who find themselves in a new different culture and are going through a difficult process of adaptation to a new environment. Transformations of the foreigners identity and their relationship to the majority culture are also being studied in terms of different types of immigration policies in host countries. In the focus of the research interest were the questions of the efficiency of assimilation, integration and multicultural policy. Among the sub-objectives of the work are included the description and analysis of the processes of formation, reproduction and transformation of...

Radio Bedtime Stories Mirroring Socio-political Changes in Czechoslovakia in the "Golden Sixties" The aim of the work is a media analysis of Dobrou noc, děti (Good Night, Children) - a radio bedtime story series broadcast in the years 1961-1971. In addition to the origin and development of the programme, allusions to contemporary socio-political events, which were reflected in its content, are also examined. The dissertation deals with the changes in the radio programme and follows them from the beginning of socio-political changes in the 1960s until the beginning of the "normalization era". In this work, the radio bedtime story is also conceived from an anthropological perspective as a cultural phenomenon. The dissertation is formally divided into three parts-historical, empirical and interpretive. The focus of the historical chapter is a description of the development of radio in Czechoslovakia. The empirical part includes an analysis of the radio bedtime story in the years 1961-1971. The interpretive part deals mainly with how the radio bedtime story and its creators reacted to political anniversaries and Christian holidays in the period under review. At the end of the work, the programme is examined from an anthropological point of view as a cultural change.

Despite a century of scholarly critique, William Fielding Ogburn’s cultural lag hypothesis (CLH) endures. The inclusion of Ogburn’s hypothesis in introductory sociology textbooks, reference books, and histories of technology lends an unwarranted authority to its scientific credibility. I critically assess Ogburn’s CLH and find that it is neither scientifically nor theoretically sound. Specifically, I discover presumptions of cultural integration and normative progressivism, the fallacy of ambiguity, problems of causal explanation, operationalization, and selective bias, which renders the CLH unmeasurable, unfalsifiable, and non-replicable. Finally, I briefly discuss the implications and make suggestions for future research.

This thesis examines the measurable effects of changing cultural values on American presidential election year issues from 1972 to 2000. Topics discussed: the long-term shift in cultural values and their impact on political parties, party support, and political priorities. There is congruence between the content of the two major political party platforms from 1972-2000 and the cultural priorities of party supporters as defined by their presidential vote. This relationship also holds true for the 'most significant issue facing the nation' variable in the National Election Studies and presidential vote choice. These results are reproduced in a completely different data set of active political participants (follow the news closely, participate in political campaigns, vote consistently) assembled by Sydney Verba. Both political parties must contend with the tensions that arise from differing cultural priorities of their supporters. This applies both within the parties as they must assemble winning electoral coalitions and between the parties which have taken on the cultural and political priorities of their strongest supporters. As the cultural priorities of major political party supporters shift, so have their quadrennial party platforms. / Master of Arts

Ce mémoire s’intéresse au changement de la notion d’asile à travers l’incorporation du concept de genre et son impact sur les processus de demande d’asile et l’octroi du statut de réfugié pour les personnes victimes de violences liées au genre au Canada. À partir d’une perspective diachronique sur les transmutations de l’asile et des transformations sociales et culturelles de ce phénomène social, nous enregistrons des tensions et des contradictions qui émanent de son application et des discours qui lui sont reliés. L’observation des dynamiques contradictoires qui s’enchevêtrent dans ce champ indique une tension dialectique entre les droits humains et la citoyenneté, une symbiose dans le développement des droits de la femme et les lois sur les réfugiés et des contradictions comme celles entre le relativisme et l’essentialisme. L’examen du processus de demande d’asile pour les femmes en particulier victimes de violences liées au genre à travers l’analyse des transformations sociales et culturelles signale le caractère éminemment politique de ce phénomène qui situe l’asile au carrefour du procès d’émancipation du sujet politique. / This thesis focuses on the change of the concept of asylum through the incorporation of the gender concept and its impact on the application process of asylum and the granting of status refugee for victims of gender violence in Canada. From a diachronic perspective on the transmutations of asylum and of social and cultural transformations of this social phenomenon, we record the tensions and contradictions be issued by its application and its related discourse. The observation that conflicting dynamics tied in this field displays a dialectical tension between human rights and citizenship, a symbiosis in the development of women’s rights and laws on refugees and contradictions as those between the relativism and essentialism. The review of asylum process especially for women in particular victims of gender violence through an analysis of social and cultural change signals the highly political nature of this phenomenon and lies asylum at the crossroads in the process of emancipation of the political subject.

In a time of globalization and multiculturalism, the discourses on migration and social issues have become increasingly focused on culture. Although cultural changes are considered an important part of integration processes, there is uncertainty about what these changes actually are, and how they come about. The purpose of this study is to examine how migrants define and experience culture and cultural changes, and how they construct these changes. Starting from an elaborated version of Ann Swidler’s concept of culture as a toolkit, and through interviews with 19 people who have migrated to Sweden, the study shows that people experience culture as permeating all aspects of their life, intimately linked to their social lives. They also actively use culture as a tool to negotiate between cultural preservation, and integration into a new society. In the process of cultural changes, culture is both the subject of change, and the method for their construction.

The aim of this thesis is to study the usage of an Apparel and Footwear Environmental Assessment Tool, the Rapid Design Module, in Swedish companies in the textile and fashion industry and the tool’s possible impact on the change process of organizational culture towards a more sustainable one. A qualitative study has been conducted via interviewing and observing employees using the focal tool on-site in three different companies. A theoretical framework within organizational culture was developed along with necessary cultural traits a company should nurture in order to change its culture towards a more sustainable one. The most important findings pointed out that companies should develop common guidelines in order to use the tool in question coherently and in unison. The tool was found to act as a change initiator in the employee level of the companies and additionally management support was found to be essential in order to empower employees in taking initiative in their work. Furthermore, the tool showed signs of increased collaboration within the companies’ external and internal environments, i.e. learning from one another, as well as it was observed to encourage interdependent thinking, which both are the necessary traits mentioned earlier. / Program: Master programme in Fashion Management