Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Geography / John Harrington, Jr. / Geographers, as part of their work as scholars and academics, continually “do” geography. Geography is practiced as research when tools, perspectives, and techniques are applied to problems or areas of study, exploring, understanding, and building geographical information. Geography is practiced as a social discipline when geographers interact with those around them, sharing geographical knowledge through writing, publishing, presenting, teaching, and discussion so others can read, listen, and engage. In doing geography – continuously practicing research and engaging in the documentation and communication of geographical knowledge – geographers also actively continuously construct the history of geography. These incidences, slides, and pages of knowledges are the foundation and structure of geography as a practiced discipline. Research explored the historiographies of geographical knowledges in presidential addresses of the Association of American Geographers, thematic conceptualizations of the subfield of cultural geography, and representation of women across editions of introductory human geography textbooks through content analysis and spatial. Conclusions strongly support the contention that geographic knowledges and the nature of geographic thought actively evolve as contemporary scholars practice their profession. By paying attention to these constructive processes and understanding their interactive role in it, geographers are better informed of the history of their specialty and their direct and vested role in the enterprise.

<p>The future success of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas globally will be highly dependent on the ability of farmers and agricultural systems to adapt to climate change. Most of these areas, though tremendously productive, suffer from the same limiting resource: water. As that resource becomes more scarce and availability more difficult to predict, water managers and farmers will be forced to implement new, creative solutions to water supply challenges. This anticipated exposure suggests that an improved understanding of agricultural adaptation to water stress in such areas is critical to successful outcomes in these regions under a changing climate. This work focuses specifically on the adaptation strategies employed by farmers, strategies which are determined by farmers’ assessment of their exposure and sensitivity to a stressor as well as their capacity to implement changes. This process of implementing change to limit vulnerability is broadly referred to as adaptation. </p> <p> This project focuses on the Eastern Snake Plain of southeastern Idaho as a case study in agricultural adaptation to increased water stress. The Eastern Snake Plain (ESP) is a diverse and productive agricultural basin in the inter-mountain region of the American West. The region’s primary products are potatoes, sugar beets, barley, and alfalfa, as well as a significant volume of livestock dominated by dairy cattle, and each of these products forms a significant share of the total US market for that crop. More than 74% of this agricultural land is irrigated, inextricably tying both the future of agriculture and the future of the Idaho economy to water in the state. In the mid-2000’s, legislators and water managers from across the plain came together to negotiate a new water rights settlement, now known as the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Comprehensive Aquifer Management Plan (CAMP). The negotiations came in response to years of litigation involving groundwater and surface water conjunctive management in the region, and the resulting plan was designed to accomplish three goals: stabilize reach gains in the lower Eastern Snake Plain, replenish Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA) levels, and ensure sustainable water resources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic users across the basin. Though the water settlement was not directly caused by climate change, it is likely that water shortages will become more frequent under climate change, and this settlement represents a simulation of just such a shortage.</p> <p>Broadly, this work and the work of collaborators hope to understand adaptation and decision-making of groundwater farmers throughout the Eastern Snake Plain as they adapt to the on-average 12.9% reduction in water availability. This thesis is divided into three primary sections (Chapters 2, 3, and 4). </p> <p>Chapter 2 investigates tradeoffs in adaptation decision making, employing semi-structured interviews to learn more about tradeoffs as a framework for understanding adaptation more broadly. In particular, the work seeks to understand the types of tradeoffs present in ESP adaptation and when and how tradeoffs are implicitly or explicitly acknowledged. Findings indicate that tradeoffs occur both at the individual and regional scale and that shifts in crop patterns and irrigation water sourcing may have important implications for adaptation policy moving forward. </p> <p>Chapter 3 employs a household survey and statistical analysis to investigate the iterative and complex relationships between exposure, adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and vulnerability. As an early attempt to examine these relationships quantitatively in the context of US agriculture and water stress, the works focuses on laying out a clear theoretical and methodological framework for continued exploration of adaptation and vulnerability in this context. Findings indicate that under-theorized components of adaptive capacity like linking capacity and exposure to simultaneous stressors may play important roles in determining farmer vulnerability in the context of policy-induced water scarcity. </p> <p>Chapter 4 is designed to investigate and develop a novel tool for exploratory work in adaptation, examining the feasibility and predictive accuracy of an agent-based model of agricultural adaptation driven by social-psychological decision-making theories and parameterized using both secondary data sources and primary fieldwork. Findings indicate that such models may have the potential to produce well-informed macro-level patterns based on theoretically-informed micro-level inputs. This has important implications for the broader agent-base modeling community, and the work concludes with a call for further collaboration between agent-based modelers and social science theorists. </p> <p>Collectively, this work seeks to inform theory on agricultural adaptation and vulnerability, as well as explore the potential role of theoretically-informed agent-based modeling in investigating such dynamics. In doing so, it lays the groundwork for future exploration of these ideas in the Eastern Snake Plain and throughout the arid American West. </p>

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso, inserido na problemática do planejamento urbano, quando se pretende pontuar circunstâncias e conseqüências das ações de intervenção do poder público municipal sobre a área desse sítio histórico urbano. Destacamos que, na última década, especialmente entre os anos de 2000 e 2010, esse sítio histórico urbano, passou por transformações devido a intervenções realizadas pelo poder público municipal. Nesse recorte buscamos perceber as formas; a aparência original dos prédios; a descaracterização das edificações e a substituição dos mesmos; o traçado das ruas; a conservação da área verde e do patrimônio ambiental, como também, a ocupação e o uso do solo com as novas atividades comerciais e de lazer, tendo como exemplo, o complexo Orla Taumanan. Nessas contradições entre as políticas de reurbanização e as propostas de revitalização, questionamos de que forma o poder público e a sociedade civil estão reagindo? Partimos do entendimento de que tanto a sociedade quanto o poder público, não perceberam a importância do patrimônio cultural e natural do lugar. Acreditamos que o processo de revitalização pode incorporar e valora o espaço urbano e o patrimônio arquitetônico com todo o valor simbólico herdado da formação inicial do núcleo embrionário existente. Sendo assim, a carência de investigação e a urgência de um entendimento acerca desse assunto, que trata da proteção do sítio urbano histórico de Boa Vista, fornecerá subsídios para futuras políticas públicas, que são essenciais para proteger a área enfocada, trazendo benefícios para a sociedade. / This thesis proposes theme is a case study, which concerns to urban planning, relating to circumstance and consequence actions for intervention in the municipality on the grounds of urban historical place. We highlight that, in the last decade, particularly from 2000 to 2010, this urban historical place, changed dramatically because of interventions carried through the municipality. As for this, we search for shapes; the original look of the buildings and their deconstruction and replacement; the routes of the streets; the conservation of the green area and the environmental patrimony, as well as, the occupation and the use of the ground as new commercial and leisure activities, for instance, the Orla Taumanan. In these contradictions between reurbanization politics and the revitalization proposals, we ask: how the public power and the civil society are reacting? We agree that not only the society but also the public power do not realize the importance of cultural and natural patrimony of the place. We believe that the revitalization process may unite and value all urban area and the architectural patrimony with their symbolic value inherited from the initial formation of an existing embryonic nucleus. As for this, the lack of researches and an urgent agreement relating to this field, that deals with the protection of the historical urban place in Boa Vista, will supply subsidies future public politics, which are essential for protection of the focused area, bringing benefits for the whole society.

Esta dissertação tem como propósito a reconstituição de um debate teórico contemporâneo referenciado ao conceito de paisagem. Para tanto, apóia-se na literatura geográfica e antropológica produzida nas últimas três décadas tematizando as relações entre homem e meio, cultura e natureza. Trata-se de a partir da discussão sobre paisagem realizada pela Geografia Cultural, em especial na obra de Augustin Berque, constituir com um diálogo interdisciplinar com a Antropologia. Recorrendo ao percurso da noção ao conceito geográfico de paisagem, para evidenciar a sua própria historicidade. / This research aims to reconstruct the theoretical contemporary debate over the concept of landscape, based on the geographical and anthropological literature produced during the three last decades over the relations between man and environment, culture and nature. The cultural geographys landscape discussion, specially the work of Augustin Berque, is the starting point for an interdisciplinary dialog with Anthropology, which follows the route from the notion to the concept of the landscape, to highlight its own historicity

This thesis explores how the art world negotiates what contemporary African art means, in the context of the international contemporary art system and in relation to the histories of Western perspectives on Africa. Using conceptual and methodological approaches drawn from cultural geography, it examines the field of contemporary African art, foregrounding the terms of negotiation framing contested geographical imaginations and ideas of Africa. The research considers curatorial practices, exhibitions, art institutions, networks and the wider art infrastructure as an arena in which geographical concepts and categories are formulated, debated and contested in relation to contemporary African art. It draws on interviews with artists, curators, gallerists, collectors and scholars, as well as ethnographic fieldwork conducted in institutions and at art events, to unpick the idea of 'contemporary African art' as a working category and conceptual frame. It reveals tensions running through the field hinging on questions of categorisation, scale and location, the geographical dimensions and implications of which are currently under-explored. The conclusions argue for the importance of geographical awareness in debates around contemporary art from Africa and its shifting position internationally, particularly in the context of globalising trends in the art world and beyond, which engender complex geographies of mobility, identity, belonging and opportunity. The thesis also highlights the relevance of debates around contemporary African art for geographers, proposing new directions in research on art within cultural geography.

Este presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar a importância da geografia como campo do saber no estudo das relações raciais, através da Lei 10.639/03 e a possibilidade de referenciar a população negra, tendo como diretriz as contribuições da geografia cultural como enfoque investigativo. / This present objective work to demonstrate the importance of geography as field of knowing in the study of the racial relations, through the Law 10.639/03 and the possibility of to reference the black population, having as line of direction the contributions of cultural geography as to investigate approach.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-03T15:05:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ileia Maria de Jesus Pinto.pdf: 5068826 bytes, checksum: 54cb6115033317fc46bbdb481a5a699a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T18:23:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ileia Maria de Jesus Pinto.pdf: 5068826 bytes, checksum: 54cb6115033317fc46bbdb481a5a699a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T18:23:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ileia Maria de Jesus Pinto.pdf: 5068826 bytes, checksum: 54cb6115033317fc46bbdb481a5a699a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T18:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ileia Maria de Jesus Pinto.pdf: 5068826 bytes, checksum: 54cb6115033317fc46bbdb481a5a699a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis was based on a cultural approach in geography and had the support base phenomenology that seeks through the human experience, individual and cultural make sense of the perceived space as it is presented, emphasizing the intentionality of perception, trying to recognize the possibility methodology in geographical science focused on understanding the lived world of riverside living in the city, particularly fishermen cities. This picture, was also valued the question of identity, as the (re) meaning of a place is revealed in the existence of an identity. For indigenous fishing highlighted as a major subsistence practices associated with agricultural and other extractive activities. This heritage is still present in the Riverine Communities in the state. This way, we sought to understand the place from the culture in this riverside city, what cultural resistance still exist for those who came from the interior of Amazonas state and other states of Brazil to the Riverside Communities located near the city of Manaus, and with the influences of urban culture have contributed to a new configuration of live of fishermen who live here. / Esta dissertação foi fundamentada numa abordagem cultural dentro da geografia e teve como base de sustentação a fenomenologia que busca por meio da experiência humana, individual, e cultural dar sentido ao espaço percebido tal como ele se apresenta, destacando a intencionalidade da percepção, buscando reconhecer possibilidade metodológica na ciência geográfica centrada na percepção do mundo vivido dos ribeirinhos que vivem na cidade, em particular os pescadores citadinos. Diante deste quadro, também foi valorizada a questão da identidade, pois a (re) significação de um lugar revela-se na existência de uma identidade. Para os povos indígenas a pesca se destacava como uma das principais práticas de subsistência associada às demais atividades extrativistas e agrícolas. Essa herança cultural ainda se faz presente nas Comunidades Ribeirinhas do interior do Estado. Dessa forma, foi buscado compreender o lugar a partir da cultura ribeirinha presente na cidade, quais resistências culturais ainda persistem para aqueles que vieram do interior do Estado do Amazonas e de outros Estados do Brasil para as Comunidades Ribeirinhas localizadas nos arredores da cidade de Manaus, e quais as influências da cultura urbana contribuíram para uma nova configuração dos modos de vida dos pescadores que aqui vivem.

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso, inserido na problemática do planejamento urbano, quando se pretende pontuar circunstâncias e conseqüências das ações de intervenção do poder público municipal sobre a área desse sítio histórico urbano. Destacamos que, na última década, especialmente entre os anos de 2000 e 2010, esse sítio histórico urbano, passou por transformações devido a intervenções realizadas pelo poder público municipal. Nesse recorte buscamos perceber as formas; a aparência original dos prédios; a descaracterização das edificações e a substituição dos mesmos; o traçado das ruas; a conservação da área verde e do patrimônio ambiental, como também, a ocupação e o uso do solo com as novas atividades comerciais e de lazer, tendo como exemplo, o complexo Orla Taumanan. Nessas contradições entre as políticas de reurbanização e as propostas de revitalização, questionamos de que forma o poder público e a sociedade civil estão reagindo? Partimos do entendimento de que tanto a sociedade quanto o poder público, não perceberam a importância do patrimônio cultural e natural do lugar. Acreditamos que o processo de revitalização pode incorporar e valora o espaço urbano e o patrimônio arquitetônico com todo o valor simbólico herdado da formação inicial do núcleo embrionário existente. Sendo assim, a carência de investigação e a urgência de um entendimento acerca desse assunto, que trata da proteção do sítio urbano histórico de Boa Vista, fornecerá subsídios para futuras políticas públicas, que são essenciais para proteger a área enfocada, trazendo benefícios para a sociedade. / This thesis proposes theme is a case study, which concerns to urban planning, relating to circumstance and consequence actions for intervention in the municipality on the grounds of urban historical place. We highlight that, in the last decade, particularly from 2000 to 2010, this urban historical place, changed dramatically because of interventions carried through the municipality. As for this, we search for shapes; the original look of the buildings and their deconstruction and replacement; the routes of the streets; the conservation of the green area and the environmental patrimony, as well as, the occupation and the use of the ground as new commercial and leisure activities, for instance, the Orla Taumanan. In these contradictions between reurbanization politics and the revitalization proposals, we ask: how the public power and the civil society are reacting? We agree that not only the society but also the public power do not realize the importance of cultural and natural patrimony of the place. We believe that the revitalization process may unite and value all urban area and the architectural patrimony with their symbolic value inherited from the initial formation of an existing embryonic nucleus. As for this, the lack of researches and an urgent agreement relating to this field, that deals with the protection of the historical urban place in Boa Vista, will supply subsidies future public politics, which are essential for protection of the focused area, bringing benefits for the whole society.

The prairie ecosystem of the American Midwest has long been depicted as a "lost landscape." Two-hundred years of Euro-American settlement has degraded the ecological prairie through systematic removal of native grasses and forbs, replacement with nonnative and invasive plant species, disruption of longstanding disturbance regimes (such as prairie fires), and the fragmentation of ecosystem connectivity. The prairie's depiction in art, literature, history, politics, and our national environmental discourse, collectively referred to in this study as the "cultural prairie," has not fared much better. Beginning in the early nineteenth-century, explorers and soldiers, writers and artists, settlers and promoters perpetuated an image of the "vanishing prairie" in travel narratives prolifically published for consumption by a burgeoning American readership. As the "vanishing prairie" emerged as the accepted image of the prairie, narratives depicting its disappearance from the landscape became self-fulfilling prophecies. Language, and narrative in particular, thus contributed to the degradation of the ecological prairie. Narratives of the "vanishing prairie" are characterized by what Anishinaabe writer Gerald Vizenor terms "absence, nihility, and victimry." One remedy to these fatalistic narratives is Vizenor's notion of "survivance," which he defines as "an active sense of presence over absence, deracination, and oblivion; survivance is the continuance of stories" ("Aesthetics of Survivance," in Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence, ed. Gerald Vizenor [Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2008], 1). Though Vizenor uses the term survivance principally to recover the stories, traditions, and identities of Native American cultures from Euro-American "simulations of dominance," his critical inquiries are more broadly applicable to the exploitation of the environment by many of the same policies, agents, strategies, and technologies that were put to use to propagate and promote state-sponsored ideologies of uniformity, homogeneity, and monoculturalism throughout the American Midwest. "Prairie survivance" is thus an attempt to make the prairie a presence, not an absence, in mainstream environmental discourse and debate, including the study of American literature and the fields of environmental criticism (or ecocriticism), place studies, and cultural geography. My argument begins with a critique of Euro-American travel narratives popularized throughout the nineteenth-century by the likes of Washington Irving, George Catlin, "Buffalo Bill" Cody, and others. These travel narratives perpetuated the trope of the "vanishing prairie" by employing stock images and narrative techniques, none more pervasive than the bison hunt. Specifically, the dramatic hunt sequences of these travel narratives reinforced the eradication of the bison from the ecological prairie. However, the consequences of these narratives are not limited to the time of their writing; instead, the "lost landscape" image of the prairie remains persistent to this day as a direct result of its misrepresentation in the travel literature of the nineteenth century. The second half of my argument entails a reading of counternarratives that envision a much different past, present, and future for the prairie. The bison's recovery in narratives by Luther Standing Bear, James Welch, N. Scott Momaday, and Mary Oliver is one example in which the fate of the prairie is not limited to its inevitable demise. Moreover, I have coined the term "aesthetics of restoration" to describe the prairie's presence in the work of Aldo Leopold, Paul Gruchow, Annie Proulx, and Linda Hogan (among others), each of whom overturns nihilistic images of the prairie as a "lost landscape" by writing about its restoration and permanent return to the landscapes of the American Midwest. Narrative's potential for healing is realized in these examples, a cornerstone of narrative ethics.

The recent civil war in Sierra Leone (1991-2002) saw massive migrations amongst the civilian population and widespread damage to villages and towns. This study combines elements of military and cultural geography to ask the questions of how the events of the war changed the cultural landscape and how the cultural landscape influenced the course of the war. Fieldwork for this study was conducted during the summer of 2005 in the Eastern Province and included numerous semi-structured interviews regarding the landscape histories of villages, towns, and various temporary camps. These findings revealed that a clear relationship existed between the civil war and the cultural landscape. On the one hand, the war caused dramatic changes in the morphology of the cultural landscape, creating three distinct landscapes (pre-war, wartime, and post-war), while on the other hand the cultural landscape went far to structure the character of the war. In order to understand how the cultural landscape structured the war one must first consider how the landscape was perceived by each major faction (Revolutionary United Front, Sierra Leone Army, and Civil Defense Forces) as presenting a unique set of risks and opportunities. This perception was based in their strategic intentions and capabilities. Intentions can be understood as military objectives (derived from political goals), while capabilities can be understood as factors which constrain and enable action. Since each faction had different military objectives and capabilities they each perceived the landscape in a unique manner and this perception influenced their military operations. It is recommended that cultural geographers begin to study the impacts of war on the landscape and that military geographers expand their focus on the physical landscape by taking into account the role of the cultural landscape and environmental perception.