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Nos recherches portent sur une portion de la zone dunaire du Sénégal occidental, à proximité du littoral. Elle est comprise entre M'Boro, au nord, et Rao, au Sud, bordée par le littoral à l'ouest et limitée à la longitude de Guéoul, à l'est. Ce choix permet de remplir un vide archéologique observable sur toutes les cartes ainsi que dans la bibliographie. L'enjeu de notre recherche est de poser un premier jalon « heuristique». II s'agit de dresser, à l'issue de plusieurs campagnes de terrain, un inventaire liminaire des différents faciès du Néolithique et de l'Âge du fer présents dans cette région. Notre but a été de les décrire au travers de leur culture matérielle, de les organiser d'un point de vue chronologique et enfin de les comparer avec les autres sites connus. Cela mis en évidence plusieurs sites néolithiques dont certains ont été rattachés au Néolithique microlithique dunaire. Au moins trois groupes de l'âge du Fer, ont pu être distingués. Parallèlement, nous éclairons les contextes de découverte difficiles, que sont ceux du système dunaire ogolien, par leur analyse taphonomique. Cette étude a débouché sur une typologie de la conservation des sites dunaires ainsi sur des propositions synthétiques sur leur évolution post-dépositionnelle. Un dernier aspect a consisté à croiser les données bibliographiques des autres sciences (géomorphologie, palynologie, géologie, archéozoologie) avec nos propres données afin de percevoir le cadre environnemental dans lequel ont évolué les différentes sociétés humaines néolithiques et de l'âge du Fer. Cela a permis à la fois de réfléchir à l'implantation des sites dans le paysage par période et sur les économies de subsistance. / Our research focuses on a portion of the dune area of western Senegal, near the coast. The area stretches from Mboro in the north to Rao in the south, and is limited to the west by the coastline and at the east longitude by Guéoul. The deliberate choice of this area allows filling an archaeological gap observable on ail maps and in the bibliography. The goal of our research is to establish the first milestone "heuristic", in order to prepare, after several field campaigns, a preliminary inventory of the various subgroups of the Neolithic and Iron Age found in this region. Our aim was to describe these groups through their material culture, to establish a chronological framework and then compare them with other known sites. It highlighted several Neolithic sites, some of which were attributed to the microlithic Neolithic of the dunes. At least three groups of the Iron Age could be distinguished. Parallel to this, we describe the difficult context of discovery of the sites and their taphonomic analysis, as presented by the Ogolian dune system. This study resulted in a typology of different states of conservation of the dune sites and synthetic hypotheses on their post-depositional evolution. A final aspect was to cross the bibliographic data of auxiliary sciences (geornorphology, palynology, geology, zooarchaeology) with our own data in order to reconstruct the environmental context in which have evolved different landscape according to their periods as well as to the subsistence economy.

In South Africa, the staff of higher education institutions experiences several stressors in their work and home domains. Therefore, it is important to understand how these two life domains are in interaction with each other. The general objective of this study was to investigate how higher education staff experienced work-personal life interaction (WPLI). A sample of 24 higher education staff that was willing to participate in the study was taken from different faculties and departments from a higher education institution in the Free State Province. For the purpose of this research, a qualitative design from a phenomenological approach was used. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the experiences, main dimensions, antecedents, consequences, and strategies in the lives of higher education staff. The results obtained indicated that Afrikaans and African women and men experienced time and strain-based conflict. Their work environment was characterised by a heavy workload, long working hours, resulting in work being taken home, and their home environment was characterised by a demanding family (spouses and children) and household duties. Men and women also thought about things in the family domain (e.g., when their children were sick) while they were at work. This caused a constant spill over, leaving employees tired and stressed. Strategies (e.g., prioritising, planning and time management) and support (e.g., spouses, division of family and household duties, friends and colleagues, as well as the flexible working hours) helped them to cope with this interaction. Recommendations were made for future research and the organisation. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre as trajetórias e a sociabilidade urbana de jovens pertencentes a grupos culturais na cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo fundamental deste estudo foi desvendar a relação existente entre grupos culturais e experiência urbana de jovens de periferia. Para isso, foi preciso saber sobre suas vivências cotidianas: para onde estes/as jovens se deslocam, quais os seus trajetos, de que forma vivenciam e elaboram a experiência da cidade e as maneiras pelas quais se apropriam do espaço urbano e neste constroem os seus circuitos. O problema colocado é: os grupos culturais podem interferir na forma com que jovens se apropriam do espaço urbano? Este trabalho se justifica devido à pouca preocupação existente em entender o/a jovem e sua relação com a cidade, sendo esta tratada, na maioria das vezes, apenas como cenário de práticas culturais. Os/as jovens estudados/as foram encontrados/as em um grupo cultural chamado Cooperifa (Cooperativa Cultural da Periferia) e, para enfrentar o problema proposto, os procedimentos adotados foram: a observação direta, questionário, entrevista e aplicação da atividade denominada cartografia da sociabilidade juvenil, que consistiu na elaboração de mapas para representar os trajetos dos/as jovens pesquisados/as. Foram utilizadas noções como território, segregação espacial, estigma, apropriação, experiência urbana e representação. Foi feita uma descrição da Cooperifa, o ritual do sarau e a sociabilidade vivida, uma caracterização dos/as jovens participantes e foi traçado um perfil dos/as jovens e seu/s grupo/s dentro dos seguintes tipos: jovens cooperiféricos/as, jovens integrantes de grupos multiespaciais, jovens multiparticipantes e jovens integrantes de grupos locais. Na análise dos dados obtidos em campo, mostrou-se como os/as jovens fazem uso dos equipamentos públicos da cidade, a influência do/s grupo/s cultural/is na utilização dos lugares mencionados, lançando luz sobre o bairro, a periferia e os seus territórios. Foi tratado o tema do tempo livre dos/as jovens, seus fazeres, trajetos e pontos de encontro, a interferência de ambientes como família, escola e trabalho. Também foi abordado o cotidiano dos/as jovens antes e após a entrada em algum grupo, a ampliação das suas relações com a cidade e a abertura dos espaços proporcionada pelo/s grupo/s cultural/is. Além disso, indicaram-se alguns fatores que podem influenciar em certa interdição da circulação de jovens. Discutiu-se as formas de pertencimento e mobilidade dos/as jovens em grupos culturais, o que pretendem em seus grupos e analisado os significados atribuídos à Cooperifa. Concluiu-se que grupos culturais contribuem para que a experiência urbana daqueles/as jovens seja alargada, no entanto, foi verificada a existência de modalidades de apropriação de acordo com o tipo de grupo do qual o/a jovem participa, portanto uma mobilidade que comporta peculiaridades. / This is a qualitative research about the trajectories and about the urban sociability of some young people belonging to cultural groups in São Paulo, Brazil. The main goal of this study was to reveal the existing relation between cultural groups and the urban experience of suburban young people. For that purpose, it was necessary to know about their daily experiences: where they go, their routes, how they experience the city and the ways they appropriate the urban space, the same space where they build their circuits. The problem is: Can cultural groups influence the way young people appropriate the urban space? This research is justified due to the little concern about understanding the young people and their relation with the city, which is usually considered only as scenery for cultural practices. The young people studied in this research were found in a cultural group called Cooperifa (Suburban Cultural Cooperative) and the procedures adopted to deal with the proposed problem were: direct observation, questionnaire, interview and an activity called cartography of the young peoples sociability, which consists in the making of maps to represent the trajectories of the studied young people. The study used ideas and terms such as territory, space segregation, social stigma, appropriation, urban experience and representation. A description of Cooperifa was made. The ritual of sarau (a cultural event where people get together to express themselves in an artistic way), was also described. The participating people ,as well as their groups, were characterized and profiled according to the following types: members of Cooperifa, members of multi-space groups, multiparticipating young people and members of local groups. The analysis of data obtained in the field showed how these people use the citys public property such as schools, public parks, courts etc, and the influence of the cultural groups on how they use the mentioned places, shedding light over the neighborhood, the suburbs and its territories. The young peoples spare time, their deeds, their trajectories and meeting places were also studied, as well as the influence of their family, school and work. Another factor approached by this study was the young peoples daily routine before and after they joined any group, the widening of their relations with the city and the creation of spaces brought by the cultural groups. The study points out some factors that contribute to keeping young people from moving around freely. The young peoples ways of mobility in cultural groups and their intention were discussed. It was analyzed the meanings attributed to Cooperifa. It was concluded that cultural groups contribute to the widening of those young peoples urban experience. However, it was also noticed the existence of ways of appropriation according to the kind of group the young person belongs to, therefore it is a mobility that presents peculiarities.

In South Africa, the staff of higher education institutions experiences several stressors in their work and home domains. Therefore, it is important to understand how these two life domains are in interaction with each other. The general objective of this study was to investigate how higher education staff experienced work-personal life interaction (WPLI). A sample of 24 higher education staff that was willing to participate in the study was taken from different faculties and departments from a higher education institution in the Free State Province. For the purpose of this research, a qualitative design from a phenomenological approach was used. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the experiences, main dimensions, antecedents, consequences, and strategies in the lives of higher education staff. The results obtained indicated that Afrikaans and African women and men experienced time and strain-based conflict. Their work environment was characterised by a heavy workload, long working hours, resulting in work being taken home, and their home environment was characterised by a demanding family (spouses and children) and household duties. Men and women also thought about things in the family domain (e.g., when their children were sick) while they were at work. This caused a constant spill over, leaving employees tired and stressed. Strategies (e.g., prioritising, planning and time management) and support (e.g., spouses, division of family and household duties, friends and colleagues, as well as the flexible working hours) helped them to cope with this interaction. Recommendations were made for future research and the organisation. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre as trajetórias e a sociabilidade urbana de jovens pertencentes a grupos culturais na cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo fundamental deste estudo foi desvendar a relação existente entre grupos culturais e experiência urbana de jovens de periferia. Para isso, foi preciso saber sobre suas vivências cotidianas: para onde estes/as jovens se deslocam, quais os seus trajetos, de que forma vivenciam e elaboram a experiência da cidade e as maneiras pelas quais se apropriam do espaço urbano e neste constroem os seus circuitos. O problema colocado é: os grupos culturais podem interferir na forma com que jovens se apropriam do espaço urbano? Este trabalho se justifica devido à pouca preocupação existente em entender o/a jovem e sua relação com a cidade, sendo esta tratada, na maioria das vezes, apenas como cenário de práticas culturais. Os/as jovens estudados/as foram encontrados/as em um grupo cultural chamado Cooperifa (Cooperativa Cultural da Periferia) e, para enfrentar o problema proposto, os procedimentos adotados foram: a observação direta, questionário, entrevista e aplicação da atividade denominada cartografia da sociabilidade juvenil, que consistiu na elaboração de mapas para representar os trajetos dos/as jovens pesquisados/as. Foram utilizadas noções como território, segregação espacial, estigma, apropriação, experiência urbana e representação. Foi feita uma descrição da Cooperifa, o ritual do sarau e a sociabilidade vivida, uma caracterização dos/as jovens participantes e foi traçado um perfil dos/as jovens e seu/s grupo/s dentro dos seguintes tipos: jovens cooperiféricos/as, jovens integrantes de grupos multiespaciais, jovens multiparticipantes e jovens integrantes de grupos locais. Na análise dos dados obtidos em campo, mostrou-se como os/as jovens fazem uso dos equipamentos públicos da cidade, a influência do/s grupo/s cultural/is na utilização dos lugares mencionados, lançando luz sobre o bairro, a periferia e os seus territórios. Foi tratado o tema do tempo livre dos/as jovens, seus fazeres, trajetos e pontos de encontro, a interferência de ambientes como família, escola e trabalho. Também foi abordado o cotidiano dos/as jovens antes e após a entrada em algum grupo, a ampliação das suas relações com a cidade e a abertura dos espaços proporcionada pelo/s grupo/s cultural/is. Além disso, indicaram-se alguns fatores que podem influenciar em certa interdição da circulação de jovens. Discutiu-se as formas de pertencimento e mobilidade dos/as jovens em grupos culturais, o que pretendem em seus grupos e analisado os significados atribuídos à Cooperifa. Concluiu-se que grupos culturais contribuem para que a experiência urbana daqueles/as jovens seja alargada, no entanto, foi verificada a existência de modalidades de apropriação de acordo com o tipo de grupo do qual o/a jovem participa, portanto uma mobilidade que comporta peculiaridades. / This is a qualitative research about the trajectories and about the urban sociability of some young people belonging to cultural groups in São Paulo, Brazil. The main goal of this study was to reveal the existing relation between cultural groups and the urban experience of suburban young people. For that purpose, it was necessary to know about their daily experiences: where they go, their routes, how they experience the city and the ways they appropriate the urban space, the same space where they build their circuits. The problem is: Can cultural groups influence the way young people appropriate the urban space? This research is justified due to the little concern about understanding the young people and their relation with the city, which is usually considered only as scenery for cultural practices. The young people studied in this research were found in a cultural group called Cooperifa (Suburban Cultural Cooperative) and the procedures adopted to deal with the proposed problem were: direct observation, questionnaire, interview and an activity called cartography of the young peoples sociability, which consists in the making of maps to represent the trajectories of the studied young people. The study used ideas and terms such as territory, space segregation, social stigma, appropriation, urban experience and representation. A description of Cooperifa was made. The ritual of sarau (a cultural event where people get together to express themselves in an artistic way), was also described. The participating people ,as well as their groups, were characterized and profiled according to the following types: members of Cooperifa, members of multi-space groups, multiparticipating young people and members of local groups. The analysis of data obtained in the field showed how these people use the citys public property such as schools, public parks, courts etc, and the influence of the cultural groups on how they use the mentioned places, shedding light over the neighborhood, the suburbs and its territories. The young peoples spare time, their deeds, their trajectories and meeting places were also studied, as well as the influence of their family, school and work. Another factor approached by this study was the young peoples daily routine before and after they joined any group, the widening of their relations with the city and the creation of spaces brought by the cultural groups. The study points out some factors that contribute to keeping young people from moving around freely. The young peoples ways of mobility in cultural groups and their intention were discussed. It was analyzed the meanings attributed to Cooperifa. It was concluded that cultural groups contribute to the widening of those young peoples urban experience. However, it was also noticed the existence of ways of appropriation according to the kind of group the young person belongs to, therefore it is a mobility that presents peculiarities.

Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An urgent need exists for the development of a locally, multicultural personality instrument for South Africa. The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project was launched with the specific aim of developing a comprehensive personality questionnaire for all eleven South African language groups that covers all major aspects of personality deemed relevant in the South African context. The current study focused on developing an experimental instrument for the integrity cluster, one of the 9 SAPI clusters. This study forms part of the second phase of the SAPI project (quantitative phase). In this phase the experimental integrity instrument was administered to a sample of police reservists of the South African Police Service (SAPS; N = 1023). Findings revealed that certain items should be removed (30 of 132 items were removed). The first-order factor analysis confirmed one factor per facet that should be retained (specifically: Honest, Loyal, Pretending, Responsible, Trustworthy, Truthful, and Fair) for most of the facets. The exceptions were the Morally Conscious facet where two factors emerged and the Discriminative facet where no significant factor emerged. With the exception of the Discriminative facet (low reliability coefficient) and the Fair facet (average reliability coefficient) all the facets demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability. The study concluded that the underlying dimensionality of the data confirmed the structure of the integrity cluster and the experimental integrity instrument. This first draft instrument can thus be applied to multi-cultural groups. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het ʼn dringende behoefte aan die ontwikkeling van plaaslike, multikulturele persoonlikheidstoetse. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Persoonlikheidsinstrument projek is geloods met die spesifieke doel om ʼn volledige persoonlikheidsvraelys vir al elf Suid-Afrikaanse taalgroepe te ontwikkel, wat betrekking het op alle belangrike aspekte van persoonlikheid wat relevant is tot die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Die fokus van die huidige studie was om ʼn eksperimentele instrument op een van die SAPI se 9-kluster modelle te ontwikkel, naamlik die integriteitskluster. Dit vorm deel van die tweede fase van die SAPI projek (kwantitatiewe fase) waar die eksperimentele integriteitsinstrument op ʼn steekproef van intreevlak polisie-kandidate van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD), afgelê is (N = 1023). Die bevindinge het getoon dat sekere items verwyder moes word (30 van 132 items is verwyder). Die eerste-orde faktor analise het bevestig dat een faktor per faset behou moet word (meer spesifiek, Eerlik, Lojaal, Skynheilig, Verantwoordelik, Betroubaar, Waarheid, en Regverdig). Twee faktore het na vore gekom in die Moreel Bewuste faset en geen betekenisvolle faktor was verkry vir die Diskriminerende faset nie. Alle fasette het aanvaarbare vlakke van betroubaarheid geopenbaar, behalwe vir ʼn lae betroubaarheidskoëffisiënt vir die Diskriminerende faset, en ʼn gemiddelde betroubaarheidskoëffisiënt vir die Regverdigheidsfaset. Die gevolgtrekking was dat die onderliggende dimensionaliteit van die data die struktuur van die integriteitskluster en die eksperimentele integriteitsinstrument, bevestig het, asook dat die eerste proef-instrument toegepas kan word op multikulturele groepe.

Esta pesquisa intenta analisar as Redes de Apoio dos Dekasseguis, os nós que as formam, a qualidade dos vínculos que os unem, e verificar a influência destes atores sociais nas decisões do trabalhador brasileiro no Japão. Primeiramente, comentamos estudos acerca do tema Dekassegui. Em seguida, apresentamos um histórico da Análise de Redes Sociais dentro das Ciências Humanas e especificamente dentro da Psicologia, e aprofundamos nas relações entre Redes Sociais e movimentos migratórios. Passamos então a descrever as bases da Abordagem Intercultural utilizadas neste trabalho. A metodologia utilizada obedece aos preceitos da Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais e por internet, via comunicador instantâneo (MSN) com jovens brasileiros que tiveram a experiência de trabalhar como dekasseguis no Japão. Os dados revelam as impressões dos dekasseguis a respeito do povo japonês, suas dificuldades no contato com os nativos e com outros brasileiros nas mesmas condições no Japão, e a forma como sua Rede Social influencia sua tomada de decisões. / This research aims at analyzing the Support Networks of Dekasseguis, the nodes that form them, the quality of the bonds that unite them, and the influence of these social actors in decisions made by Brazilian workers in Japan. Firstly, we focus our studies on Dekassegui. Next, we present the history of Social Network analysis within the Humanities and specifically within Psychology, and specify the relations between social networks and migration. We then describe the basics of Intercultural Approach we used in this work. The methodology used follows the precepts of Grounded Theory. Interviews were conducted in person and via the Internet, mainly instant messaging (MSN), with young Brazilian who had the experience of working as dekasseguis in Japan. The data shows impressions of these immigrants about the Japanese people, their acquaintance and communication difficulties with the locals and other Brazilians under the same condition in Japan, and how their Social Network influences in their decision making.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e avaliar a configuração de uma intervenção psicossocial breve realizada com um grupo de nipo-brasileiros que viveram no Japão, no retorno destes ao Brasil, procurando compreender a vivência dos sujeitos no que se refere às representações culturais do Brasil e do Japão e ao processo de retorno. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram retirados da Psicologia Intercultural e articulados a conceitos e técnicas da abordagem psicanalítica. De modo geral, o processo de aculturação no retorno foi sentido como difícil. Os participantes expressaram indignação com a conjuntura política, econômica e social do país e alguns relataram sensação de sentirem-se estrangeiros, de inassertividade e de desorientação. Surgiram representações simbólicas coletivas do Brasil como país do calor humano e do Japão como país da alta tecnologia e educação, havendo, ao mesmo tempo, um tom pessoal nas representações em função das experiências singulares de cada um. Técnicas reflexivas, informativas e lúdicas, como elaboração de cartazes, exposição de conceitos teóricos, exibição e discussão de documentário acerca da temática da e/imigração entre Brasil-Japão, foram instrumentos úteis para que as angústias do grupo pudessem ser nomeadas. O espaço de continência e interlocução favoreceu processos de identificação para que questões conflituosas relativas às vivências no retorno e à identidade cultural pudessem se tornar objeto de reflexão e transformação. Constatamos a utilidade desse tipo de intervenção psicossocial na elaboração psicológica da experiência migratória, revelando-se fundamental, em investigações nessa área, a consideração dos estilos culturais diversos e do contexto social. / The purpose of the present study is to present and assess a brief psychosocial intervention with a group of Japanese-Brazilians who lived in Japan and returned to Brazil. Their return process and cultural representations of Brazil and Japan are explored. Theoretically the work is based on contributions from cross-cultural psychology and psychoanalytic concepts and techniques. Group participants generally felt return migration as difficult and expressed outrage towards Brazil´s present political, economic and social system, in addition to feeling like foreigners, unassertiveness and disorientation. Collective symbolic representations of Brazil as a country of warm human relations and Japan as a country of high technology and education also emerged, loaded with personal aspects, according to the unique experiences each one had. Reflective, informative and dynamic techniques such as preparation of posters, exhibition of theoretical concepts, display and discussion of a documentary migration between Brazil and Japan were useful tools, enabling the group to name their own distress. The area of continence and interlocution in this group helped identify processes where issues concerning conflicting experiences in the return and cultural identity could become objects of reflection and transformation. The findings indicate the contribution of such psycho-social intervention in the psychological process of the migratory experience, and the need to approach cultural styles and the social context in investigations in this area.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e avaliar a configuração de uma intervenção psicossocial breve realizada com um grupo de nipo-brasileiros que viveram no Japão, no retorno destes ao Brasil, procurando compreender a vivência dos sujeitos no que se refere às representações culturais do Brasil e do Japão e ao processo de retorno. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram retirados da Psicologia Intercultural e articulados a conceitos e técnicas da abordagem psicanalítica. De modo geral, o processo de aculturação no retorno foi sentido como difícil. Os participantes expressaram indignação com a conjuntura política, econômica e social do país e alguns relataram sensação de sentirem-se estrangeiros, de inassertividade e de desorientação. Surgiram representações simbólicas coletivas do Brasil como país do calor humano e do Japão como país da alta tecnologia e educação, havendo, ao mesmo tempo, um tom pessoal nas representações em função das experiências singulares de cada um. Técnicas reflexivas, informativas e lúdicas, como elaboração de cartazes, exposição de conceitos teóricos, exibição e discussão de documentário acerca da temática da e/imigração entre Brasil-Japão, foram instrumentos úteis para que as angústias do grupo pudessem ser nomeadas. O espaço de continência e interlocução favoreceu processos de identificação para que questões conflituosas relativas às vivências no retorno e à identidade cultural pudessem se tornar objeto de reflexão e transformação. Constatamos a utilidade desse tipo de intervenção psicossocial na elaboração psicológica da experiência migratória, revelando-se fundamental, em investigações nessa área, a consideração dos estilos culturais diversos e do contexto social. / The purpose of the present study is to present and assess a brief psychosocial intervention with a group of Japanese-Brazilians who lived in Japan and returned to Brazil. Their return process and cultural representations of Brazil and Japan are explored. Theoretically the work is based on contributions from cross-cultural psychology and psychoanalytic concepts and techniques. Group participants generally felt return migration as difficult and expressed outrage towards Brazil´s present political, economic and social system, in addition to feeling like foreigners, unassertiveness and disorientation. Collective symbolic representations of Brazil as a country of warm human relations and Japan as a country of high technology and education also emerged, loaded with personal aspects, according to the unique experiences each one had. Reflective, informative and dynamic techniques such as preparation of posters, exhibition of theoretical concepts, display and discussion of a documentary migration between Brazil and Japan were useful tools, enabling the group to name their own distress. The area of continence and interlocution in this group helped identify processes where issues concerning conflicting experiences in the return and cultural identity could become objects of reflection and transformation. The findings indicate the contribution of such psycho-social intervention in the psychological process of the migratory experience, and the need to approach cultural styles and the social context in investigations in this area.