本文主要考察社会主义中国的文化政策经历了怎样的发展变化，并试图回答自1949年以来中国共产党是如何介入与领导当代中国的文化，其文化治理的理论与实践又是如何发展与转变，对文化领域又产生了怎样的影响。 / 与只对政策文件进行解读的传统政策研究不同，本研究采用文化的政治经济学和文化社会学取经，结合宏观与微观、观念与实践两个层面，对上述问题进行考察与分析，从而梳理出中国文化政策发展变化的历史脉络。除了对中共制订的政策文件及主要思想理论进行梳理与分析外，本文选取了代表中国社会主义国家特色的上海市工人文化宮及其话剧生产为个案研究对象，通过文献研究、实地考察、深度访谈、历史比较分析等方法，具体深入地考察文化主体与文化政策之间的关系，尤其是在后毛泽东时代的发展变化，以此勾勒出社会主义中国文化政策从思维到实践的运动轨迹。 / 本文希望通过这一研究可以在以下三个方面有所贡献：（1）梳理出一种社会主义中国的文化政策的历史脉络；（2）试图通过个体深访和个体口述史，来考察社会主义中国文化政策与个体的关系，从而在微观上提供关于社会主义中国文化政策的重要实证数据。并且，（3）在中观和宏观的层面上建议一种关于社会主义中国文化政策研究的理论框架，作为今后这一研究课题发展的一个基础；（4）通过比较中国与西方发达资本主义国家之间文化政策发展与运动趋势的异同，反思中国文化政策的转型，从而为推进中国文化政策的发展与进步建言。最后，希望本论文可以对社会主义国家或发展中国家的文化政策研究提供中国经验的参考与启发。需要强调的是，本文并非急于给社会主义中国文化政策的历史变迁下定论，限于历史资料收集的有限性和文化政策历时研究的复杂性，本文主要是通过现有的史料和相关数据，来做一项关于社会主义中国文化政策领域的开拓性的基础研究，也是为日后中国文化政策研究的发展做一种铺垫。 / The thesis project attempts to answer the questions about how the Chinese Communist Party governs the cultural domain in Contemporary China, and how the cultural governance develops and influences cultural production in China since 1949. / This research tries systematically explores the development of the cultural policy of Socialist China by focusing on Shanghai Municipal Workers Palace of Culture and its cultural production, which is an understudied topic in Chinese Studies. Through investigating the CCP’s theories, thoughts and policies in cultural sphere, the ways and rules of producing literature and art, it will systematically analyze the relationship of the Chinese party-state and culture in different historical periods, and illustrate the development of the CCP’s cultural policy from theory to practice. / The study mainly adopts Cultural Political Economy and Sociology of Culture approaches. Different from traditional cultural policy studies, it is a historical and comparative empirical inquiry with an integrated macro and micro perspective. The study introduces qualitative methods including archive analysis, field study, in-depth interview, oral history, participant observation, and historical comparative analysis and etc, to answer the research questions and support the thesis arguments. / The purpose of the thesis is (1) to map the historical path of cultural policy in the People’s Republic of China; (2) to provide empirical data of Socialist China’ cultural policy from micro perspective through subject’s in-depth interview and oral history; and (3) to suggest a theoretical framework for Chinese cultural policy studies at a meso- and macro-level; and (4) to bring critical reflection on the transition of cultural policy in today’s China, through comparing it with the shift and trend of the Western. Furthermore, the line of research also aims provide the Chinese model as a reference for cultural policy studies on socialist states or developing countries. To be noted, our goal is not to draw a hasty conclusion about the transformation of cultural policy in PRC or to predict its future directions. Instead, our humble task is, to do an exploratory study through the Shanghai case study and based on the limited materials that we collect, and, to pave the way for the future development of Chinese Cultural Policy Stuies. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 胡霽荣. / "2013年3月". / "2013 nian 3 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 348-359). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Hu Jirong. / 导言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 选题由来 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究视角与分析框架 --- p.7 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化政策研究 --- p.7 / Chapter 2、 --- 本文的研究视角：政治经济学与文化社会学 --- p.11 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 1、 --- 分析框架 --- p.12 / Chapter 2、 --- 研究方法 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 研究目的 --- p.22 / Chapter 五、 --- 行文结构 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一章 --- 工人阶级的政治影响与社会主义中国文化政策的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人阶级与中国共产党的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 二、 --- 中共的革命斗争与工人运动 --- p.27 / Chapter 三、 --- 中共的文化政策理论与社会主义中国文化政策的形成 --- p.30 / Chapter 1、 --- 中共文化治理思想的理论基础与本土化发展 --- p.31 / Chapter 2、 --- 中共文艺意识形态的原则与标准 --- p.33 / Chapter 3、 --- 共产党的文化领导权与新中国文化格局的确立 --- p.35 / Chapter 小结 --- p.39 / Chapter 第一部分 --- 上海市工人文化宮：文化组织的历史与转型 --- p.41 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的工人文化宮 --- p.41 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮的建立 --- p.41 / Chapter 1、 --- 工会立法及政策文件出台 --- p.43 / Chapter 2、 --- 行政管理结构与制度设计 --- p.49 / Chapter 3、 --- 经济结构与经费资产管理 --- p.51 / Chapter 4、 --- 服务对象与主体 --- p.53 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的定位与功能 --- p.55 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化启蒙 --- p.56 / Chapter 2、 --- 提供文化体育休闲服务 --- p.59 / Chapter 3、 --- 组织业余文艺活动与培养工人文艺人才 --- p.60 / Chapter 4、 --- 文化交流与对外展示 --- p.64 / Chapter 5、 --- 毛时代工人文化宮功能的变动 --- p.65 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮与城市空间生产 --- p.69 / Chapter 1、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的建宮史 --- p.70 / Chapter 2、 --- 毛时代上海市宮的集体记忆 --- p.75 / Chapter 小结 --- p.83 / Chapter 第二章 --- 市场经济条件下的工人文化宮 --- p.84 / Chapter 一、 --- 体制基础与政策环境的变化 --- p.85 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文化政策的市场化导向 --- p.86 / Chapter 2、 --- 工会对工人文化宮的政策导向 --- p.87 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的市场化转型 --- p.89 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济结构转型与经费来源的改变 --- p.89 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构的变化与企业化自主发展 --- p.92 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮空间的异化与工人主体的消逝 --- p.98 / Chapter 1、 --- 被掏空和异化的工人文化宮 --- p.98 / Chapter 2、 --- 工人文化宮社会认同感的消逝 --- p.102 / Chapter 3、 --- 被遗忘和被取代的工人文化宮 --- p.104 / Chapter 四、 --- 文化宮的职能失范与主要原因 --- p.106 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济独立、收租为生与重商主义 --- p.107 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构松散、体制资源匮乏与政治地位下降 --- p.110 / Chapter 3、 --- 精英主义、形式主义与公益性丧失 --- p.115 / Chapter 4、 --- 法律约束力薄弱、社会监管缺乏与滥用职权 --- p.122 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.126 / Chapter 第二部分 --- “工人文艺生产的沿革与嬗变：以上海市工人文化宮的话剧生产为例 --- p.128 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的“工人文艺生产 --- p.130 / Chapter 一、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化政策与文化体制保障 --- p.131 / Chapter 1、 --- “工人文艺的政策要求与发展 --- p.131 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化制度保障 --- p.135 / Chapter 二、 --- “工人文艺的生产逻辑与文化景观：以1958年至1960年上海工人话剧运动为例 --- p.138 / Chapter 1、 --- 由上而下的意识形态动员机制 --- p.138 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺的生产机制与方法 --- p.141 / Chapter 3、 --- 作为意识形态审查机制的“工人文艺 --- p.146 / Chapter 4、 --- “工人文艺生产中的矛盾与问题 --- p.149 / Chapter 三、 --- 上海工人文艺经验的自述 --- p.154 / Chapter 小结 --- p.163 / Chapter 第二章 --- 国家文艺政策转折与上海市宮话剧生产的新开端 --- p.166 / Chapter 一、 --- 话剧《于无声处》与国家转折 --- p.167 / Chapter 二、 --- 《于无声处》的成功与后毛时代上海市宮话剧生产的关系 --- p.177 / Chapter 第三章 --- 走向八十年代：政策变动中“工人话剧的变 --- p.180 / Chapter 一、 --- 两种文艺治理观的冲突与阶级话语被取消 --- p.181 / Chapter 二、 --- 由计划到市场过渡时期的“工人话剧生产 --- p.188 / Chapter 1、 --- 文艺生产机制的通变与守循 --- p.189 / Chapter 2、 --- 文艺意识形态的分歧与裂痕 --- p.197 / Chapter 小结 --- p.201 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文化宮转型以来的“工人话剧生产 --- p.202 / Chapter 一、 --- 新的文艺政策环境 --- p.203 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文艺政策的新目标 --- p.204 / Chapter 2、 --- 国家文艺资助方式的转变 --- p.205 / Chapter 3、 --- 国家对主流价值观的维护与诱导机制 --- p.207 / Chapter 二、 --- 市场经济条件下“工人话剧生产的转型与边缘化 --- p.210 / Chapter 1、 --- 市宮话剧生产的新定位 --- p.210 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人话剧生产方式的变革 --- p.212 / Chapter 3、 --- 创作主体的转型与文化精神被颠覆 --- p.220 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.223 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 转型后的问题：工人文化宮如何走向公共文化? --- p.226 / Chapter 第一章 --- 新的政策要求与工人文化宮发展的新方向 --- p.226 / Chapter 一、 --- 走向“公益性文化事业：工人文化宮发展的新政策要求 --- p.227 / Chapter 二、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的新变化与新目标 --- p.229 / Chapter 1、 --- “职工艺术博览汇展馆的新建 --- p.229 / Chapter 2、 --- 上海市宮未来的初步规划与憧憬 --- p.231 / Chapter 3、 --- 对“职工艺术博览汇的实地考察：以“黄浦区职工书画 --- p.234 / Chapter 第二章 --- 重新思考工人文化宮：走向以工人为主体的公共参与 --- p.247 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮应该去向何方？ --- p.248 / Chapter 二、 --- 今后工人文化宮的构建主体是谁？ --- p.250 / Chapter 讨论与总结 --- p.259 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究发现 --- p.259 / Chapter 二、 --- 社会主义中国文化政策发展的历史脉络与思维逻辑 --- p.266 / Chapter 三、 --- 解读社会主义中国文化政策的发展与转型 --- p.282 / Chapter 四、 --- 走向“文化政策生产的研究 --- p.286 / Chapter 附录1： --- “工人剧作家的个人口述史 --- p.289 / Chapter 一、 --- 宗福先 --- p.290 / Chapter 二、 --- 贾鸿源 --- p.316 / Chapter 三、 --- 曲信先 --- p.336 / Chapter 附录2： --- 上海市工人文化宮历届和现任主任名单 --- p.347 / Chapter 图示1： --- 毛时代工人文化宮的工人阶级文化与空间生产 --- p.260 / Chapter 图示2： --- 市场经济至现阶段工人文化宮的文化与空间生产 --- p.262 / Chapter 图示3： --- 今后文化宮的文化与空间生产有可能的发展趋势 --- p.264 / Chapter 图1： --- 社会主义中国文化政策的场域与思维逻辑 --- p.267 / Chapter 图2： --- 社会主义中国成立之前的中共文化政策理念 --- p.269 / Chapter 图3： --- 计划经济时期中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.271 / Chapter 图4： --- 市场经济时期（至现阶段）中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.276 / Chapter 图5： --- 市场经济条件下中国文化政策潜在与可能的发展趋势 --- p.278 / 参考文献 --- p.348

Apart from politics and market, ideology was a significant factor in the realm of rock music. Upholding an ideology that focused on individuality and autonomy, and epousing a set of aesthetic value that placed emphases on live performance: how to maintain a balance between autonomy from politics and adaptation to market tastes became a question for both rock artists and the culture industry, a topic of which will be examined in the dissertation. / At the same time, this paper examined the struggle of rock artists against the official constraints and prohibitive coding via rock lyrics, the visual, the music, the body as well as the theatrical performance. / Finally, this paper explores how rock artists and the rock industry turned to alternative spaces for projecting their causes: the Internet, the underground music network and the realm of piracy, spaces where interferences from both the state and the market were minimum. / It also took as its study why rock music was a noise in the market and how rock labels contested for a space in the market which had been plagued by piracy and lack of protection for intellectual property rights. It at the same time explored the ways rock companies attempted to make the books balanced in operating the rock music business in a market where rock fans only constituted a marginal audience. / It looked at how the government imposed control and prohibition on the publishing, performance and dissemination of rock music which it perceived as an alien noise. For this, interviews had been held with personnel from the official apparatuses, the culture industry, the mass media as well as the rock artists and musicians, in a way to understand why rock was rarely heard on the radio or performed on television; why rock music became a term rarely appeared in the official press; and why rock was not allowed to mingle with official discourse like party songs or national anthem; and in what ways the contents of songs as well as the visuals on album covers were censored; and how the government controlled the speech, acts and dress of rock artists on stage. / This paper concludes with the view that despite the many constraints encountered by rock music in the realm of both the state and the market, rock music as a cultural space did not totally lose its freedom, autonomy or integrity. It adopted a mode of communication which is hinged on the non-verbal, the second-order signification, the hidden and the symbolic. It utilised a strategy which avoids direct antagonism with the political regime, and sought outlets for its own messages and meanings. / This paper started by examining how rock music had been transformed into a genre distinguished with its ideology and aesthetics in a socialist country where politics and economy weighed equally significant. / This study took rock music as a cultural space that reflected a larger political and economic environment in China, where it had been marginalized and segregated as a noise by both the state and the market. / Wong Yan Chau Christina. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Joseph Man Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0783. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

A presente dissertação se propõe a analisar a política brasileira de propaganda e difusão cultural entre os anos de 1937 e 1945, isto é, durante o regime autoritário do Estado Novo. Como objetos de estudo, elegemos as atividades do Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda e da Divisão de Cooperação Intelectual do Itamaraty, com ênfase no uso dos principais veículos de comunicação da época. De modo complementar, abordamos a influência da Política de Boa Vizinhança nas Américas e as viagens ao estrangeiro de artistas e intelectuais nacionais. Nosso objetivo é provar que, nesse período, o Brasil desenvolveu uma política sistemática de promoção da cultura nacional, visando exportar a imagem de um país em ascensão imagem, essa, correspondente às aspirações brasileiras de desenvolvimento e afirmação junto às grandes nações do mundo. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the Brazilian policy on propaganda and cultural promotion between 1937 and 1945, i.e. during the authoritarian regime known as Estado Novo. As objects of study, I elected the activities of the Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda and those of the Divisão de Cooperação Intelectual do Itamaraty, emphasising the usage of the main communication media of the time. Complementarily, I examine the influence of the Good Neighbour Policy in the Americas and the travels abroad of Brazilian artists and intellectuals. My objective is to demonstrate that in that period Brazil developed a systematic policy that intended to promote its national culture and to export the image of a country in ascension an image that corresponded to its aspirations of development and insertion amongst the powerful nations of the world.

Em 2008 o Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP) recusou uma exposição da dupla de grafiteiros OsGemeos. Em 2011, organizou sua segunda mostra de graffiti em três anos. No mesmo ano, a Secretaria da Cultura do Governo do Estado de São Paulo criou na capital o Museu Aberto de Arte Urbana (MAAU). Em 2008, a Prefeitura de São Paulo apagara um mural de grandes proporções dos mesmos OsGemeos. Pretende-se compreender por que, no final da primeira década do século XXI, a política cultural formulada pelo MASP escolheu o graffiti como uma manifestação urbana a ser ali exibida, traçando-se um paralelo com opção similar feita pela Secretaria da Cultura em relação ao graffiti no espaço público. Está nessas ações uma tentativa de estabelecer novos modos de relacionamento com a cidade e, de algum modo, participar de sua reconfiguração? A ação permitiria estabelecer-se algum paralelo com as origens do museu concebido por Lina Bo Bardi, que nas suas primeiras décadas de criação travava forte diálogo crítico com a cidade? Considera-se a intensificação do diálogo entre os equipamentos culturais e o espaço público -- e com as manifestações artísticas e culturais no espaço público -- como potente para religar os laços entre os cidadãos e os equipamentos culturais da cidade, ao mesmo tempo em que se considera que uma maior intensificação no relacionamento entre pessoas, arte e cultura, equipamentos culturais e cidade contribui para uma ampliação dos usos da cidade e do relacionamento de seus moradores com o simbólico, entendendo-se que pelo diálogo passam obrigatoriamente as ideias de dissenso (RANCIÈRE, 2012), negociação e conflito (CANCLINI, 2004). / In 2008 the São Paulo Museum of Art -- MASP (\"Museu de Arte de São Paulo\") rejected an exhibition by the graffiti artists OsGemeos. In 2011 it organized its second exhibit of graffiti in three years. In the same year the Culture Department of the Government of the State of São Paulo created the Open Museum of Urban Art -- MAAU (\"Museu Aberto de Arte Urbana\") in the City of São Paulo. In 2008 the Municipality of São Paulo had erased a very large mural by the same OsGemeos. The purpose of this work is the examine why, at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the cultural policy established by MASP chose graffiti as one of the urban exhibits to be displayed there, compared with a similar choice made by the Department of Culture in relation to graffiti in urban spaces. Are those actions an attempt to establish new relationships with the city and somehow to participate in its reconfiguration? Would such actions establish a parallel with the origins of the museum as conceived by Lina Bo Bardi which, in the first decades of the museum\'s existence used to engage in a powerful critical dialogue with the city? The development of the dialogue between cultural facilities and public spaces -- and with the exhibits of art and culture in public spaces -- is strong enough to restore the bonds between citizens and the cultural facilities of the city. A greater intensification of the relationship among persons, art and culture, cultural facilities and the city contributes to expand the uses of the city and the relationship of its inhabitants with symbolic representations. The dialogue is necessarily crossed by the ideas of dissension (RANCIÈRE, 2012), negotiation and conflict (CANCLINI, 2004).

O objetivo deste estudo é, a partir da delimitação de um espaço central de São Paulo compreendido simbólica e rizomaticamente entre a Via Elevada Presidente João Goulart (Minhocão, no Centro) e o Largo da Batata (Pinheiros, Zona Oeste), investigar como se comportam determinadas ações culturais institucionais e não institucionais circunscritas nessa centralidade que promovem a conexão entre a cultura e a produção da cidade, operando numa tensão contínua entre o consenso e o dissenso e na tensão entre as noções de público e de privado na cidade, num movimento que se dá por esforços intencionais -- muitas vezes por razões econômicas --, mas também pelo inesperado e pelo encontro fortuito com o simbólico nas brechas e contrabrechas da cidade. Deseja-se, com esta reflexão, contribuir para o pensamento de novos caminhos para a Ciência da Informação e a Política Cultural, em que a promoção do diálogo entre os recursos culturais da cidade e seus atores sociais se dê a partir de conexões móveis e muitas vezes imprevistas, que partem do que é próprio do tenso e do instável, sim, mas em busca do que é comum e que projete outros futuros em que o fortuito, o desejo e a necessidade não estejam tão apartados. / The main objective of this thesis is to examine the impact of certain institutional and non-institutional cultural actions circumscribed in the central region of the city of São Paulo --understood symbolically and rhizomatically between the elevated highway President João Goulart (\"Minhocão\", in the downtown district) and the Largo da Batata, in the Pinheiros district, in the western zone of the capital. Such organizations promote the connection between culture and the production of the city. They operate in a continuous tension between consensus and dissent and between the notions of public and private in the city, in a movement that occurs by intentional efforts --often for economic reasons. We will investigate the unexpected and fortuitous clashes with the symbolic in the breachs and in the counterbreachs of the city. We want to contribute to the thinking of new paths for Cultural Policy and Information Science, in which the promotion of dialogue between the city\'s cultural resources and its social actors occurs on improbable connections and many unforeseen times. Constantly starting from the shock and the unstable, yes, but always in search of what is common and projecting other futures in which desire and need are not so far apart. We want to contribute to the thinking of new paths for Information Science and Cultural Policy, in which the promotion of dialogue between the city\"s cultural resources and its social actors occurs on improbable connections and many unforeseen times. Constantly starting from the shock and the unstable, yes, but always in search of what is common and projecting other futures in which the fortuitous, desire and need are not so far apart.

Esta tese partiu do princípio de que as políticas culturais devem levar em conta as demandas e necessidades culturais da sociedade contemporânea e que, para isso, é fundamental contar com informações e indicadores culturais que possam contribuir para diagnosticar situações, desenhar políticas e planejar ações. Para a elaboração de indicadores culturais, é preciso partir de um determinado conceito de cultura e de uma delimitação precisa do universo a ser analisado. A partir do estudo do Prêmio Cultura Viva e de seus eixos avaliativos, a tese teve por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de marco conceitual e de indicadores culturais voltados para políticas culturais de proximidade políticas que buscam recuperar a proximidade com os problemas cotidianos dos cidadãos, com vistas à participação ativa na vida cultural da cidade. O marco conceitual proposto contemplou três dimensões dos processos culturais locais a participação cultural, o diálogo cultural e a sustentabilidade , avaliadas a partir de iniciativas culturais que envolvem a participação das comunidades. / This thesis has arisen out of the principle that cultural policies must take into account the cultural demands and needs of the contemporary society, and that, for this, it is fundamental to have cultural information and indicators that can contribute toward diagnosing situations, outlining policies and planning actions. To elaborate cultural indicators, one must begin from a determined concept of culture and from an accurate outlining of the world to be analyzed. Starting from the study of the Live Culture Award and its evaluative axes, the thesis had the purpose of presenting a proposal of a conceptual mark and cultural indicators directed toward cultural policies of proximity policies that seek to recover the proximity to the daily problems of citizens, aiming at active participation in the citys cultural life. The conceptual mark proposed contemplated three dimensions of the local cultural processes cultural participation, cultural dialogue and sustenance, evaluated as of cultural initiatives that involve participation of the communities.

Esta dissertação traz para estudo a criação da Divisão de Bibliotecas do Departamento de Cultura e Recreação da Prefeitura de São Paulo (1935). Apresenta, discute e analisa a política cultural colocada em prática, bem como as ações que foram realizadas pela Biblioteca Infantil, Biblioteca Municipal, Biblioteca Circulante e Biblioteca Popular no período de 1935 até 1938. Apresenta as discussões políticas, documentos de época, organograma das estruturas de governo, as preocupações com pessoal e orçamento para a realização das atividades na Divisão de Bibliotecas. Discute a relação do Estado frente a projetos que envolvam a informação, a cultura e a sociedade, na perspectiva compreensiva no campo das políticas culturais. Identifica os pontos de articulação que as bibliotecas públicas da Divisão de Bibliotecas realizaram com o Estado à luz das políticas culturais. Conclui que o Departamento de Cultura e a criação da Divisão de Bibliotecas estabeleceu um novo padrão de intervenção do Estado na área da cultura, bem como nas atividades realizadas pelas bibliotecas públicas em sociedade. / This research study brings to the creation of the Division of Libraries, Department of Culture and Recreation of the City of São Paulo (1935). Presents, discusses and analyzes the cultural policy put in place as well as the actions that were performed by the Children\'s Library, City Library, Library Current and Popular Library in the period from 1935 until 1938. Features political discussions, documents time chart of government structures, concerns over staff and budget to carry out the activities in the Division of Libraries. Discusses the relationship of the state against projects involving information, culture and society, comprehensive perspective in the field of cultural policies. Identifies the points of articulation that public libraries of the Division of Libraries held with the State in the light of cultural policies. Concludes that the Department of Culture and the Creation of the Division of Libraries has set a new standard for state intervention in the field of culture as well as the activities carried out by public libraries in society.

O observatório cultural é um dispositivo de informação, típico da sociedade contemporânea, que se apropria de metodologias e teorias interdisciplinares para acompanhar e compreender o campo cultural. Os observatórios culturais surgem, no Brasil, no final da década de 1980 e se desenvolvem especialmente a partir da segunda metade da década 1990, atingindo o maior número de instituições nos anos 2000. Primeiramente associados aos estudos das políticas culturais, em universidades, passam a dedicar esforços a questões culturais específicas dos setores criativos, dos movimentos sociais e dos meios de comunicação, sendo incorporados por diferentes esferas: pública, privada, terceiro setor e sociedade civil. A partir da pesquisa dos conteúdos dos sites de 15 observatórios brasileiros, são analisados os contextos, as motivações e as circunstâncias de criação, assim como as formas de atuação, práticas e atividades desses órgãos. Quanto aos propósitos, eles podem ser classificados como de monitoramento ou \"fiscais\", de reflexão ou think tank, conforme a literatura, e \"de apropriação\", a partir da contribuição desta pesquisa. Em geral, predomina a produção de conteúdos analíticos; a edição de livros, revistas, artigos, textos, publicações digitais e audiovisuais; a coleta de informações em \"bancos de dados\" e a promoção de atividades de difusão: palestras, oficinas, cursos rápidos, encontros. Entre os pontos de vulnerabilidade na atuação, devido aos recursos de que dispõem, encontram-se: o trabalho em rede, a comunicação com os diferentes públicos, a produção de indicadores culturais e o compartilhamento de conteúdos e metodologias. A contribuição principal dos observatórios se identifica, sobretudo, pela criação de uma \"cultura\" das práticas de pesquisa e observação e pelo reconhecimento de sua importância para a ação política. No caso brasileiro, a apropriação desse tipo de dispositivo de informação por setores da sociedade civil e pelos movimentos sociais significa um propósito novo ou uma ampliação da ação política dos grupos. / Cultural observatories are apparatuses of information, typical of contemporary society, that absorb interdisciplinary methodology and theory to follow and comprehend the field of culture. Cultural observatories emerged in Brazil in the late 1980s, but developed themselves more assertively throughout the late 1990s and reached an increased number of institutions in the new millenium. Initially associated to the study of cultural policies in universities, they went on to analyze specific cultural issues related to creative sectors, social movements and media and are now being incorporated to public, private and third sectors and to the civil society. Their contexts, motivations, circumstances of creation as well as operation manner, practices and activities were analyzed based on the online content of 15 different Brazilian observatories. As for their purposes, they can be classified as monitoring or \"inspectors\", reflexive or think tanks or as \"appropriation\", as defined by this research. In general, the production of analytical content is their predominant activity, which includes: literature, magazines, scientific articles and texts, digital and audio-visual publishing, the gathering of information in data banks and the promotion of disseminating activities like lectures, workshops, quick courses and congresses. The observatories\' vulnerabilities, due to their scarce resources, include: work through networking, communication with a diverse audience, the production of cultural indicators and the sharing of content and methodology. The main contribution of these observatories is their participation in creating a \"culture\" of observation and research practices as well as recognition of their importance to political action. In the case of Brazil, the appropriation of this kind of information apparatus by sectors of civil society and by social movements reveals a new or amplified purpose of political activity among these groups.

Esta dissertação traz para estudo a criação da Divisão de Bibliotecas do Departamento de Cultura e Recreação da Prefeitura de São Paulo (1935). Apresenta, discute e analisa a política cultural colocada em prática, bem como as ações que foram realizadas pela Biblioteca Infantil, Biblioteca Municipal, Biblioteca Circulante e Biblioteca Popular no período de 1935 até 1938. Apresenta as discussões políticas, documentos de época, organograma das estruturas de governo, as preocupações com pessoal e orçamento para a realização das atividades na Divisão de Bibliotecas. Discute a relação do Estado frente a projetos que envolvam a informação, a cultura e a sociedade, na perspectiva compreensiva no campo das políticas culturais. Identifica os pontos de articulação que as bibliotecas públicas da Divisão de Bibliotecas realizaram com o Estado à luz das políticas culturais. Conclui que o Departamento de Cultura e a criação da Divisão de Bibliotecas estabeleceu um novo padrão de intervenção do Estado na área da cultura, bem como nas atividades realizadas pelas bibliotecas públicas em sociedade. / This research study brings to the creation of the Division of Libraries, Department of Culture and Recreation of the City of São Paulo (1935). Presents, discusses and analyzes the cultural policy put in place as well as the actions that were performed by the Children\'s Library, City Library, Library Current and Popular Library in the period from 1935 until 1938. Features political discussions, documents time chart of government structures, concerns over staff and budget to carry out the activities in the Division of Libraries. Discusses the relationship of the state against projects involving information, culture and society, comprehensive perspective in the field of cultural policies. Identifies the points of articulation that public libraries of the Division of Libraries held with the State in the light of cultural policies. Concludes that the Department of Culture and the Creation of the Division of Libraries has set a new standard for state intervention in the field of culture as well as the activities carried out by public libraries in society.

A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre cultura e direitos humanos estabelecida na produção normativa relativa ao Sistema Nacional de Cultura (SNC), de modo específico entre as 52ª e 54ª legislaturas do Congresso Nacional, bem como entender os impactos dessa produção na concretização dos direitos culturais por meio das políticas públicas de cultura. Desse modo, foi realizado um levantamento das propostas legislativas aprovadas ou ainda em tramitação que tratam da institucionalização e regulamentação do Sistema Nacional de Cultura e de seus componentes principais. A análise desses marcos legais é guiada pela concepção de cultura adotada nos mesmos e pelo tratamento que dão aos direitos culturais, em especial à promoção da diversidade cultural. O sentido abrangente de cultura adotado na legislação do Sistema Nacional de Cultura é analisado de maneira relacional ao conceito proposto por Raymond Williams no âmbito dos Estudos Culturais. Com efeito, as duas perspectivas buscam construir uma ampliação democrática no conceito de cultura para reconhecê-la como direito de todos. A ampliação do conceito de cultura operada pela legislação do Sistema Nacional de Cultura potencialmente oferece mais condições para a promoção da diversidade cultural e dos direitos cultuais como um todo. / This research aims at comprehending the relation between culture and human rights established by the regulatory production of the National Culture System (CNS), specifically between the 52rd and 54rh legislatures in the Brazilian National Congress, as well as understanding the impacts of this production in the achievement of cultural rights through public cultural policies. Thus, we conducted a gathering of legislative proposals which have been approved or are still in progress referring to the institutionalization and regulation of the National Culture System and its main components. The analysis of these legal frameworks was guided by the concept of culture adopted in the System and the treatment of cultural rights, particularly for promotion of cultural diversity. The comprehensive sense of culture adopted in the National Culture System legislation is analyzed by establishing relations with the concept proposed by Raymond Williams in Cultural Studies. Both perspectives aim at democratically expanding the concept of culture in order to recognize it as a right for all. The expansion of the concept of culture operated by the National Culture System legislation adds more potential to the promotion of cultural diversity and cultural rights as a whole.