Orientador: Wignez Henrique / Banca: Renata Helena Branco Arnandes / Banca: João Batista Alves / Banca: Hirasilva Borba / Banca: Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho / Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar dietas contendo teores de óleo de linhaça sobre o desempenho, as características da carcaça, o peso, o rendimento de cortes cárneos, e a qualidade da carne de fêmeas e machos castrados Nelore x Canchim. Quinze machos castrados (427,80 ± 40,59 kg) e 14 fêmeas (400,57 ± 32,57 kg, em média de peso corporal), com 24 meses de idade foram confinados, recebendo dietas com 80% de concentrado, cana-de-açúcar como volumoso exclusivo e teores crescentes de óleo de linhaça (1,0; 3,8 e 5,2% da MS). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos incompletos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (dietas e condição sexual), sendo o peso inicial dos animais utilizado como covariável e os blocos como efeito aleatório. Todos os animais de cada bloco foram abatidos quando o peso corporal médio atingiu 500 kg; assim, o tempo de confinamento foi de 96 dias para dois blocos, 110 dias para dois blocos e 138 dias para um bloco, após 28 dias de adaptação. O consumo de matéria seca pelos animais, em kg/dia e % do peso corporal, foi reduzido (P<0,05), acompanhado de maiores ganhos de peso, melhora da eficiência alimentar e aumento da área de olho de lombo na carcaça com a elevação dos teores de óleo nas dietas, sem diferenças entre as condições sexuais; a espessura de gordura de cobertura na carcaça foi crescente com o aumento dos teores de óleo de linhaça na dieta e diferiu entre as condições sexuais, com maiores valores para as fêmeas (12,17 mm) em relação aos macho castrados (8,58 mm). Os pesos dos cortes da paleta, alcatra completa (alcatra + picanha + maminha), contrafilé e coxão mole, e as somatórias dos cortes nobres (alcatra completa + contrafilé + filé mignon), de segunda (acém + peixinho + paleta + músculos do dianteiro e traseiro + cupim + ponta de peito + pescoço + coxão duro), para churrasco ... / Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effect of diets containing levels of linseed oil in the performance, carcass characteristics, weight, yield of cuts of meat, and meat quality of heifers and steers Nellore x Canchim. Fifteen 24-monthold steers (427.80 ± 40.59 kg) and fourteen 24-month-old heifers (400.57 ± 32.57 kg, average body weight) were confined in individual pens, receiving diets with 80% of concentrated, sugar cane as exclusive roughage and increasing levels of linseed oil (1.0, 3.8 and 5.2% on a DM basis). The experiment was designed in an incomplete random blocks one, in a factorial scheme of 3 x 2 (type of diet and sexual condition). The initial weight of animals was used as co-variable and the blocks were considered as the randomizing effect. All of the animals of every block were slaughtered once they reached an average body weight of 500 kg; this resulted in 96 days of feedlot for two blocks, 110 days for other two blocks and 138 days for one block, after 28 days of adaptation. Dry matter consumption by animals, in kg and body weight percentage, was reduced (P<0.05), accompanied with higher daily weight gains, an improvement in feed efficiency and an increase in the Longissimus eye area in the carcass with an elevation of oil levels in diets, without differences between sex conditions. The backfat thickness increased with higher linseed oil levels on the diet and results differed between sex conditions, with higher values for heifers (12.17 mm) in relation to steers (8.58 mm). The weight of meat cuts such as the shoulder clod, complete top sirloin butt (top sirloin butt + top sirloin cap + bottom sirloin butt), strip loin and top round, as well as the sum of the noble meat cuts (top sirloin butt + strip loin + full tenderloin), less noble meat cuts (chuck roll + chuck mock tender + shoulder clod + fore shank and shank + hump + point half brisket + neck + outside round), barbecue ... / Doutor

Depth estimation is one of the most important problems in computer vision. It has attracted a lot of attention because it has applications in many areas, such as robotics, VR and AR, self-driving cars etc. Using the defocus blur of a camera lens is one of the methods of depth estimation. In this thesis, we have researched this technique in virtual environments. Virtual datasets have been created for this purpose. In this research, we have applied graph cuts and convolutional neural network (DfD-net) to estimate depth from defocus blur using a natural (Middlebury) and a virtual (Maya) dataset. Graph Cuts showed similar performance for both natural and virtual datasets in terms of NMAE and NRMSE. However, with regard to SSIM, the performance of graph cuts is 4% better for Middlebury compared to Maya. We have trained the DfD-net using the natural and the virtual dataset and then combining both datasets. The network trained by the virtual dataset performed best for both datasets. The performance of graph-cuts and DfD-net have been compared. Graph-Cuts performance is 7% better than DfD-Net in terms of SSIM for Middlebury images. For Maya images, DfD-Net outperforms Graph-Cuts by 2%. With regard to NRMSE, Graph-Cuts and DfD-net shows similar performance for Maya images. For Middlebury images, Graph-cuts is 1.8% better. The algorithms show no difference in performance in terms of NMAE. The time DfD-net takes to generate depth maps compared to graph cuts is 500 times less for Maya images and 200 times less for Middlebury images.

This thesis deals with processing of data obtained by DCE-MRI, which uses magnetic resonance to track the propagation of contrast agents in the blo- odstream. Patient is given a contrast agent and then a series of images of the target area is taken. The output is a set of image data and perfusion maps. Work employs segmentation method which uses graph cuts to interactively look for the tumor, and evaluates it according to its shape properties. Study of whole data sets is simplified by image fusion methods.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar que o conjunto dos nÃmeros reais à um corpo ordenado completo e que, a menos de um isomorfismo, à Ãnico. Este trabalho à voltado para todos aqueles que tenham interesse em MatemÃtica, sobretudo, para os professores de MatemÃtica do ensino mÃdio que utilizam as propriedades do conjunto dos nÃmeros reais sem conhecer a teoria matemÃtica envolvida. Para tanto, à necessÃrio caracterizar o conjunto dos reais a fim de provar suas propriedades. Aqui, utilizamos duas construÃÃes, a saber: os reais via sequÃncias de Cauchy devido a Cantor e os reais via Cortes de Dedekind. A partir dessas caracterizaÃÃes, conseguimos construir um corpo K munido das operaÃÃes de soma e multiplicaÃÃo onde mostramos que ele cumpre as condiÃÃes da definiÃÃo de corpo. Definida uma relaÃÃo de ordem em K, mostramos que tal corpo à ordenado e, alÃm disso, conseguimos mostrar que todo subconjunto de K admite supremo, o que quer dizer que tal corpo à completo. Finalmente, mostramos que qualquer outro corpo ordenado completo que possa, por ventura, existir à uma mera caracterizaÃÃo de &#8477;, o que quer dizer que &#8477; à Ãnico, a menos dessas possÃveis outras caracterizaÃÃes. Tal caracterizaÃÃo serà chamada de isomorfismo que à uma funÃÃo bijetora de &#8477; para K. / This work aims to show that the set of real numbers is a complete ordered field that, within an isomorphism, is unique. This work is aimed at all those who are interested in mathematics, especially for that high school math teacher who uses the real numbers of the set of properties without knowing the mathematical theory involved. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the set of the real in order to prove their properties. Here, we use two buildings, namely: the real via Cauchy sequences due to Cantor and the real via Dedekind cuts. From these characterizations, we can build a field K equipped with the addition and multiplication operations which show that it meets the definition of field conditions. Set an order relation in K, we show that such a body is ordered and in addition, we show that every subset of K admits supreme, which means that such a field is complete. Finally, we show that any complete ordered field that can, perchance appear is a mere characterization of &#8477;, which means that &#8477; is unique, unless these possible other characterizations. This characterization will be called isomorphism which is a function bijetora of &#8477; to K.

The purpose of the study was to examine the economic, institutional, and human impact of athletic programs at community colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents community college system to determine how the athletic programs affects the benefits, or lack of benefits, for students, the institutions, and the communities. Sixteen participants were interviewed: two presidents, two athletic directors, four coaches, and eight student-athletes. The student-athletes represented four different sports and came from a variety of educational backgrounds and academic standing. The primary benefits perceived for the institutions and the student-athletes were the impact on missions, enrollment, educational and athletic opportunities, and retention. The primary negative impacts perceived were the lack of preparation for college work by high school graduates inside and outside the athletic programs and the difficulties in recruiting the best academic student-athletes. Some administrative and athletic participants perceived the lack of preparation of high school graduates to do college work as a great obstacle for some student-athletes and others in the community colleges. Emergent themes included time management, the stress of maintaining dual paths in academics and athletics, and the need of good housing environment. Mentoring by coaches, motivation to progress in academics, the assistance of student development services, and faculty and staff were perceived by the student-athletes as being beneficial to their success and progress. The implication from this study is that student-athletes represent a variety of socioeconomic and diverse backgrounds that may impact educational backgrounds. They also represent a variety of academic levels that vary from year to year. Student-athletes are successful, with planning and assistance, in reaching their educational and career goals. The problem of remedial education is an obstacle for some of them, for the institution, and for the state. To become successful in increasing the number of Tennesseans who attain higher education levels, the obstacle needs to be addressed in the community college system and, more importantly, in the elementary and secondary schools.

In this paper, I talk about Section 965, also known as the transition tax, enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). First, I examine loopholes under the old tax regime that allowed for the accumulation of offshore earnings and how the TCJA closes those loopholes. After detailing the legislation of the transition tax and a comparison with Section 965 included in the American Jobs Creation Act in 2004, I compare firms’ recorded provisions of the transition tax with an estimation based on the past disclosures of firms’ permanently reinvested earnings and finds that the transition tax will generate an estimated $308 billion in tax revenue. Lastly, I propose three alternate scenarios to the transition tax: taxing all offshore earnings under the GILTI regime, treating offshore cash as eligible for the 21% corporate rate, and a ratable payment plan compared to the current phase-in payment plan.

One of the most common retaining systems for deep excavations is by supporting a wall with multiple levels of anchors. In densely built urban areas, preventing soil movement with such a system can be very costly. Additionally, anchored walls are assumed and forced to act independently during design calculations, thus fail to take the advantage of the rigidity of the whole system at the corners of the excavation area. An alternative support system that uses the entire system is bracing of the walls with struts. But such a system greatly hinders construction space. In this research, a new type of supporting system has been investigated by performing a parametric study in finite element analyses program. New system is a single ring at each support level, supporting the system at several locations. A comparative study has been undertaken between the conventional systems and the new system in both 2D and 3D. PLAXIS finite element analysis software was used for the analyses. The primary aim was to investigate the structural and geotechnical performance of the arch supported system. The study revealed that the new system provides improvement for specific cases and can be considered as an alternatve support system for such cases.

Der Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz sollten durch die kommunalen Sparzwänge 42% des Medienetats für das Jahr 2010 gekürzt werden, obwohl sie die meistbesuchteste Kultureinrichtung von Chemnitz ist. Der Förderverein der Stadtbibliothek e.V. hat dagegen in vielfältiger Form Protest eingelegt und tausende Bürger motiviert dagegen zu protestieren. Dies mit Erfolg: Die Kürzungen wurden teilweise zurückgenommen.

In this Ph.D. dissertation research, we lay the mathematical foundations of various fundamental concepts in convex mixed-integer programs (MIPs), that is, optimization problems where all the decision variables belong to a given convex set and, in addition, a subset of them are required to be integer. In particular, we study properties of their feasible region and properties of cutting planes. The main contribution of this work is the extension of several fundamental results from the theory of linear MIPs to the case of convex MIPs. In the first part, we study properties of general closed convex sets that determine the closedness and polyhedrality of their integer hulls. We first present necessary and sufficient conditions for the integer hull of a general convex set to be closed. This leads to useful results for special classes of convex sets such as pointed cones, strictly convex sets, and sets containing integer points in their interior. We then present a sufficient condition for the integer hulls of general convex sets to be polyhedra. This result generalizes the well-known result due to Meyer in the case of linear MIPs. Under a simple technical assumption, we show that these sufficient conditions are also necessary for the integer hull of general convex sets to be polyhedra. In the second part, we apply the previous results to mixed-integer second order conic programs (MISOCPs), a special case of nonlinear convex MIPs. We show that there exists a polynomial time algorithm to check the closedness of the mixed integer hulls of simple MISOCPs. Moreover, in the special case of pure integer problems, we present sufficient conditions for verifying the closedness of the integer hull of intersection of simple MISOCPs that can also be checked in polynomial time. In the third part, we present an extension of the duality theory for linear MIPs to the case of conic MIPs. In particular, we construct a subadditive dual to conic MIPs. Under a simple condition on the primal problem, we are able to prove strong duality. In the fourth part, we study properties of maximal S-free convex sets, where S is a subset of integers contained in an arbitrary convex set. An S-free convex set is a convex set not containing any points of S in its interior. In this part, we show that maximal S-free convex sets are polyhedra and discuss some properties of these sets. In the fifth part, we study some generalizations of the split closure in the case of linear MIPs. Split cuts form a well-known class of valid inequalities for linear MIPs. Cook et al. (1990) showed that the split closure of a rational polyhedron - that is, the set of points in the polyhedron satisfying all split cuts - is again a polyhedron. In this thesis, we extend this result from a single rational polyhedron to the union of a finite number of rational polyhedra. We also show how this result can be used to prove that some generalizations of split cuts, namely cross cuts, also yield closures that are rational polyhedra.

The subject of digital image analysis deals with extracting relevant information from image data, stored in digital form in a computer. A fundamental problem in image analysis is image segmentation, i.e., the identification and separation of relevant objects and structures in an image. Accurate segmentation of objects of interest is often required before further processing and analysis can be performed. Despite years of active research, fully automatic segmentation of arbitrary images remains an unsolved problem. Interactive, or semi-automatic, segmentation methods use human expert knowledge as additional input, thereby making the segmentation problem more tractable. The goal of interactive segmentation methods is to minimize the required user interaction time, while maintaining tight user control to guarantee the correctness of the results. Methods for interactive segmentation typically operate under one of two paradigms for user guidance: (1) Specification of pieces of the boundary of the desired object(s). (2) Specification of correct segmentation labels for a small subset of the image elements. These types of user input are referred to as boundary constraints and regional constraints, respectively. This thesis concerns the development of methods for interactive segmentation, using a graph-theoretic approach. We view an image as an edge weighted graph, whose vertex set is the set of image elements, and whose edges are given by an adjacency relation among the image elements. Due to its discrete nature and mathematical simplicity, this graph based image representation lends itself well to the development of efficient, and provably correct, methods. The contributions in this thesis may be summarized as follows: Existing graph-based methods for interactive segmentation are modified to improve their performance on images with noisy or missing data, while maintaining a low computational cost. Fuzzy techniques are utilized to obtain segmentations from which feature measurements can be made with increased precision. A new paradigm for user guidance, that unifies and generalizes regional and boundary constraints, is proposed. The practical utility of the proposed methods is illustrated with examples from the medical field.