<p dir="ltr">Deep-space extraterrestrial missions require operating, supporting, and maintaining complex habitat systems at light minutes from Earth.</p><p dir="ltr">These habitation systems operate in harsh, unforgiving environments, will be sparsely crewed, and must be more autonomous than current space habitats, as communication delays will severely constrain Earth-based support.</p><p dir="ltr">Long-duration missions, limited knowledge of the extraterrestrial environment, and the need for self-sufficiency make these habitats vulnerable to a wide range of risks and failures, many of which are impossible to premeditate.</p><p dir="ltr">Therefore, it is necessary to design these systems to be resilient to faults and failures, thoughtfully designed to be situationally aware of their operational state and engage control mechanisms that maintain safe operations when migrating towards unsafe regions of operation.</p><p dir="ltr">Resilience-oriented design of such systems requires a holistic systems approach that represents the system's dynamic behavior, its control-oriented behaviors, and the interactions between them as it navigates through regions of safe and unsafe operations.</p><p dir="ltr">Only through this integrated approach can we fully understand how the system will behave under various conditions and design controls to prevent performance loss and ensure resilient operations.</p><p dir="ltr">Systems health management (SHM) is a key component for the resilience-oriented design of extraterrestrial habitats.</p><p dir="ltr">SHM capabilities enable intelligent autonomous control capabilities that can:</p><p dir="ltr">a) sense, diagnose, and isolate the root causes of anomalies,</p><p dir="ltr">b) predict how the system's behavior may evolve, and</p><p dir="ltr">c) select and execute recovery actions to restore system performance when appropriate.</p><p dir="ltr">Modern SHM technologies increasingly rely on intelligent autonomous control capabilities to manage system health and adapt behavior to maintain system performance.</p><p dir="ltr">This is achieved through complex nonlinear informational dependencies and control feedback loops that are difficult to design and verify using traditional risk assessment and resilience engineering methods.</p><p dir="ltr">This research contributes to enhancing the conceptual and preliminary design phases for developing resilient complex systems with embedded intelligent control-oriented behaviors.</p><p dir="ltr">It presents the required systems engineering tools and frameworks, enabling us to study the dynamic behavior of systems as they approach and recover from unsafe operations.</p><p dir="ltr">Further, it demonstrates how these tools and frameworks can quantify and gain insights into system resilience and support engineering decisions.</p><p dir="ltr">The work is contextualized within the broader systems engineering approach for designing complex, resilient extraterrestrial habitation systems.</p>

Indoor localization remains an open problem in geolocation research, and once this is solved the localization enables counting and tracking of building occupants. This information is vital in an emergency, enables occupancy-optimized heating or cooling, and assists smart buildings in tailoring services for occupants. Unfortunately, two prevalent technologies---GPS and cellular-based positioning---perform poorly indoors due to attenuation and multipath from the building. To address this issue, the research community devised many alternatives for indoor localization (e.g., beacons, RFID tags, Wi-Fi fingerprinting, and UWB to cite just a few examples). A drawback with most is the requirement for those being located to carry a properly-configured device at all times. An alternative based on computer vision techniques poses significant privacy concerns due to cameras recording building occupants. By contrast, ILoViT research makes novel use of accelerometers already present in some buildings. These sensors were originally intended to monitor structural health or to study structural dynamics. The key idea is that when a person's footstep-generated floor vibrations can be detected and located then it becomes possible to locate persons moving within a building. Vibration propagation in buildings has complexities not encountered by acoustic or radio wave propagation in air; thus, conventional localization algorithms are inadequate. ILoVIT algorithms account for these conditions and have been demonstrated in a public building to provide sub-meter accuracy. Localization provides the foundation for counting and tracking, but providing these additional capabilities confronts new challenges. In particular, how does one determine the correct association of footsteps to the person making them? The ILoViT research created two methods for solving the data association problem. One method only provides occupancy counting but has modest, polynomial time complexity. The other method draws inspiration from prior work in the radar community on the multi-target tracking problem, specifically drawing from the multiple hypothesis tracking strategy. This dissertation research makes new enhancements to this tracking strategy to account for human gait and characteristics of footstep-derived multilateration. The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's College of Engineering recognized this dissertation research with the Paul E. Torgersen Graduate Student Research Excellence Award. / Ph. D. / Indoor localization remains an open problem in geolocation research, and once this is solved the localization enables counting and tracking of building occupants. This information is vital in an emergency, enables occupancy-optimized heating or cooling and assists smart buildings in tailoring services for occupants. Unfortunately, two prevalent technologies—GPS and cellular-based positioning—are ill-suited here due to the way a building’s weakens and distorts wireless signals. To address this issue the research community devised many alternatives for indoor localization. A drawback with most is the requirement for those being located to carry a properly-configured device at all times. An alternative based on computer vision techniques poses significant privacy concerns due to cameras recording building occupants. By contrast, ILoViT research makes novel use of a mature sensor technology already present in some buildings. These sensors were originally intended to monitor structural health or to study structural dynamics. The key idea behind this unconventional role for building sensors is that when a person’s footstep-generated floor vibrations can be detected and located then it is possible to locate persons moving within a building. Vibration propagation in buildings has complexities not encountered by acoustic or radio wave propagation in air; thus, conventional localization algorithms designed for those applications are inadequate. ILoVIT algorithms account for these conditions and have been demonstrated in a public building to provide sub-meter accuracy. Localization provides the foundation for counting and tracking, but providing these additional capabilities confronts new challenges. In particular, how does one determine the correct association of footsteps to the person making them? The ILoViT research created two methods for solving the data association problem. One method only provides area occupancy counting but has modest complexity. The other method draws inspiration from prior work in the radar community on the multi-target tracking problem, and the dissertation research makes new enhancements to account for human gait and footstep-based localization. The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University’s College of Engineering recognized this dissertation research with the Paul E. Torgersen Graduate Student Research Excellence Award.

Volatile markets and the integration of products into cyber physical systems state new challenges for companies. Especially products with long development times are more difficult to design since the quality of market forecasts decreases and the rate of change increases. It becomes necessary to continuously develop products and implement smaller changes according to current market trends to keep them attractive and remain able to offer them at a competitive price. To manage the challenging market development, companies need to increase their flexibility. Therefore, the product family and the production system must be redesigned together to facilitate the implementation of unpredictable product changes in the product family and the corresponding production system. This paper presents a case study conducted at a German car manufacturer, which is used to derive criteria for the comparison of modular product concepts in terms of flexibility from a product development and production perspective.

Företags framtid ligger i dess egna händer; beroende på hur väl de anpassar sig till nya förutsättningar i alla dess former så kommer vissa att överleva medan andra går i graven. Under flera hundra år har utvecklingen inom industrin medfört att företag kommit och gått. Idag står vi enligt flera inför randen till en ny teknisk era med en fjärde industriell revolution som följd, Industri 4.0. Vi har en evolution mot en mer automatiserad tillverkningsindustri där allt fler moment sker utan en människas händer bakom spakarna. Industri 4.0 ses av många som en vision om hur framtiden kommer att se ut inom tillverkningsindustrin. Många av de idéer samt teknik som finns inom denna vision går att ta del av redan idag och möjligheterna till att förbereda sig för framtiden finns redan och det gäller att så snabbt som möjligt börja ställa om för detta. I takt med att industrin och dess konkurrens förändras kommer kraven på kvalité öka samtidigt som tillverkningen måste blir mer resurseffektiv. Området är mycket viktigt att belysa då det är ett nytt område där det tidigare inte skett mycket forskning. Att belysa detta område kan även komma att inspirera andra till ytterligare studier inom området och främja utvecklingen för fler företag än endast fallföretaget i denna studie: HordaGruppen. Syftet med studien har varit att inledningsvis få en förståelse för vilka tankar och idéer om framtiden som finns inom industrin idag för att senare kunna testa lösningar baserade på dessa idéer på några befintliga problem inom HordaGruppen, vars verksamhet finns inom plastindustrin. Lösningarna kan ses som de första stegen mot Industri 4.0 för att underlätta för företaget ifråga inför en framtida utveckling och ger även företaget möjlighet att börja samla in data kring processen, vilket i framtiden ger företag som HordaGruppen en fördel gentemot konkurrenter som påbörjar sin omställning senare. Utgångspunkten för studien har varit en kvalitativ studie med aktionsforskning och fallstudie som angreppsätt. Fallstudien har utförts genom en intervju med John Lejon, affärsutvecklare på HordaGruppen och en öppen diskussion med produktionsledare Valdet Berisha angående maskinen som är fokuserad på. Data till studien har erhållits genom artiklar skrivna inom området samt en intervju med grundaren till ett stort statligt projekt i Tyskland, Philipp Ramin, där de startat ett innovationscentrum för Industri 4.0. Resultatet i rapporten är att med hjälp av dagens teknik går det att ta de första stegen mot visionen Industri 4.0. All teknik finns självklart inte, men med hjälp av den teknik som finns idag kan olika företag inom tillverkningsindustrin dra fördelar av att starta omställningen mot Industri 4.0 redan idag. / The future of industry is in companies own hands. Today we are going to a more automated manufacturing industry where human beings are less involved and it is more crucial than ever before to adapt to new changes in the industry and technology. Internet of things and cyber physical systems are becoming a bigger part of our lives. This case study on HordaGruppen is focused on how HordaGruppen from the plastic industry can develop with some ideas from the vision Industry 4.0 in order to ensure the quality of the product. Most of the technology needed for Industry 4.0 is available today and there is no reason not to start using it. The study will introduce to Industry 4.0 and the basic ideas that the vision stands for and then try to define and solve some problems within one machine in one of their plants. The results presented in this study shows that using sensors and other technology available today you can take the first steps towards Industry 4.0.

Modéliser et simuler (M&S) un système cyber-physique (SCP) peut nécessiter de représenter des éléments provenant de trois domaines d'expertise à la fois : systèmes physiques, systèmes d'informations et réseaux de communication (IP). Le simulateur universel disposant de toutes les compétences nécessaires n'existant pas, il est possible de regrouper des modèles issus des différentes communautés, à l'aide d'un multi-modèle. Les défis sont alors 1) intégrer toute l'hétérogénéité du multi-modèle (formalismes, représentations, implémentations), 2) intégrer des modèles IP de façon à ce qu'ils soient en capacité de représenter le transport de données applicatives produites par des modèles externes et 3) les intégrer de façon à ce qu'ils puissent se compléter, pour représenter ensemble les réseaux IP parfois hétérogènes d'un SCP. Pour parvenir à répondre à ces défis, nous nous inscrivons dans la continuité des travaux de M&S autour de MECSYCO, une plateforme de co-simulation basée sur la notion de wrapping DEVS. Nous proposons de définir un cadre général pour réussir à wrapper en DEVS des modèles IP, avec 1) une structuration des différents niveaux de problèmes pour l'intégration de modèles IP dans une co-simulation (délimitation des objectifs et contraintes du wrapping), et 2) une proposition de stratégie de wrapping DEVS de modèles IP et leurs simulateurs. Nous évaluerons notre approche à travers la démonstration de l'intégration de deux simulateurs IP populaires, et d'exemples concrets de M&S de SCP (avec notamment une interconnexion de modèles entre NS-3 et OMNeT++/INET, et une application industrielle utilisée par EDF R&D) / Modeling and simulation (M&S) of cyber-physical systems (CPS) can require representing components from three expertise fields: physics, information systems, and communication networks (IP). There is no universal simulator with all of the required skills, but we can gather and interconnect models provided by the communities, with a multi-model. The challenges are 1) integrating all heterogeneities in a multi-model (formalisms, representations, implementations), 2) integrating IP models in a way enabling them to represent the transport of application data produced by external models, and 3) integrating IP models in a way enabling them to complete each other, to be able to represent CPS heterogeneous IP networks. In order to meet these challenges, we relied our solution on the works around MECSYCO, a co-simulation platform based on the DEVS wrapping principle. We propose to define a comprehensive framework enabling to achieve DEVS wrapping of IP models, with 1) a structuration of different issue levels when integrating IP models in a co-simulation (goals and constraints of the wrapping) and 2) a proposition of a DEVS wrapping strategy for IP models and their simulators. We propose some evaluations of our approach, through the integration of two popular IP simulators, and concrete examples of CPS M&S (inter alia, with an example of a models interconnection between NS-3 and OMNeT++/INET, and an industrial application used by EDF R&D)

Les systèmes de contrôle-commande industriels (Industrial Control System, ICS) sont des infrastructures constituées par un ensemble de calculateurs industriels reliés en réseau et permettant de contrôler un système physique. Ils assurent le pilotage de réseaux électriques (Smart Grid), de systèmes de production, de transports, de santé ou encore de systèmes d’armes. Pensés avant tout pour assurer productivité et respect de la mission dans un environnement non malveillant, les ICS sont, depuis le 21ème siècle, de plus en plus vulnérables aux attaques (Stuxnet, Industroyer, Triton, …) notamment avec l’arrivée de l’industrie 4.0. De nombreuses études ont contribué à sécuriser les ICS avec des approches issues du domaine de la sécurité (cryptographie, IDS, etc…) mais qui ne tiennent pas compte du comportement du système physique et donc des conséquences de l’acte de malveillance en lui-même. Ainsi, une sécurisation se limitant exclusivement à l’analyse des informations qui transitent sur un réseau industriel n’est pas suffisante. Notre approche amène un changement de paradigme dans les mécanismes de détection en y intégrant la modélisation du comportement du système cyber-physique.Cette thèse propose des mécanismes de détection d’attaques en se positionnant au plus proche de la physique. Ils analysent les données échangées entre le système de contrôle-commande et le système physique, et filtrent les échanges au travers de modèles déterministes qui représentent le comportement du système physique soumis à des lois de commande. A cet effet, une méthodologie de conception a été proposée dans laquelle l’ensemble des ordres est identifié afin de détecter les attaques brutales. Pour faire face aux autres attaques, en particulier celles plus sournoises, comme les attaques par séquences, nous proposons une stratégie de détection complémentaire permettant d’estimer l’occurrence d’une attaque avant que ses conséquences ne soient destructives. A cet effet, nous avons développé des concepts de distance d’un état caractérisé comme critique auquel nous avons adjoint un second mécanisme dit de trajectoire dans le temps permettant de caractériser une intention de nuire.L’approche proposée hybride ainsi deux techniques orientées sécurité (sonde IDS) et sûreté (approche filtre) pour proposer une stratégie de détection basée sur quatre mécanismes lié :• A la détection de contexte : basé sur l’état courant de l’ICS, un ordre émis par l’API peut être bloqué s’il conduit vers un état critique (attaque brutale).• Aux contraintes combinatoires (attaque par séquences) : vérifiées par les concepts de distance et de trajectoire (évolution de la distance).• Aux contraintes temporelles (attaque temporelle) : vérifiées par des fenêtres temporelles sur l’apparition d’évènements et d’indicateurs surveillant la durée moyenne d’exécution.• Aux sur-sollicitations basées sur un indicateur surveillant les commandes envoyées afin de prévenir un vieillissement prématuré (attaque sur les équipements).L’approche proposée a été appliquée sur différents exemples de simulation et sur une plateforme industrielle réelle où la stratégie de détection a montré son efficacité face à différents profils d’attaquant. / Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are infrastructures composed by several industrial devices connected to a network and used to control a physical system. They control electrical power grid (Smart Grid), production systems (e.g. chemical and manufacturing industries), transport (e.g. trains, aircrafts and autonomous vehicles), health and weapon systems. Designed to ensure productivity and respect safety in a non-malicious environment, the ICSs are, since the 21st century, increasingly vulnerable to attacks (e.g. Stuxnet, Industroyer, Triton) especially with the emergence of the industry 4.0. Several studies contributed to secure the ICS with approaches from the security field (e.g. cryptography, IDS) which do not take into account the behavior of the physical system and therefore the consequences of the malicious act. Thus, a security approach limited exclusively to the analysis of information exchanged by industrial network is not sufficient. Our approach creates a paradigm shift in detection mechanisms by integrating the behavioral modeling of the cyber-physical system.This thesis proposes detection mechanisms of attacks by locating detection closer to physical system. They analyze the data exchanged between the control system and the physical system, and filter the exchanges through deterministic models that represent the behavior of the physical system controlled by control laws. For this purpose, a design methodology has been proposed in which all actions are identified in order to instantly detect brutal attacks. To deal with other attacks, especially the more sneaky, such as sequential attacks, we propose a complementary detection strategy to estimate the occurrence of an attack before its consequences are destructive. To this end, we have developed the concepts of distance of a state identified as critical to which we have added a second mechanism called trajectory which leads to a temporal notion that characterize an intention to harm.As part of this thesis, the proposed approach combines two techniques oriented security (IDS probe) and safety (filter approach) to propose a detection strategy based on four mechanisms related to:• Context detection: based on the current state of the system, an order sent by the PLC can be blocked by the control filter if it leads to a critical state (brutal attack).• Combinatorial constraints (sequential attack): verified by the concepts of distance (risk indicator for the current state) and trajectory (indicator of the intention to harm by studying the evolution of the distance on a sequence).• Temporal constraints (temporal attack): verified by time windows on the appearance of events and an indicator monitoring the average duration of execution.• Over-solicitation monitoring mechanism: based on an indicator monitoring orders sent to the actuators to prevent premature ageing of the production equipment (attack on the equipment).The proposed approach has been applied to various simulation examples and an industrial platform where the detection strategy has shown its effectiveness against different scenarios corresponding to attacker profiles.

A Cyber-physical System (CPS) can be described as a network of interlinked, concurrent computational components that interact with the physical world. Such a system is usually of reactive nature and must satisfy strict timing requirements to guarantee a correct behaviour. The components can be of mixed-criticality which implies different progress models and communication models, depending whether the focus of a component lies on predictability or resource efficiency. In this dissertation I present a novel approach that bridges the gap between stream processing models and Labelled Transition Systems (LTSs). The former offer powerful tools to describe concurrent systems of, usually simple, components while the latter allow to describe complex, reactive, components and their mutual interaction. In order to achieve the bridge between the two domains I introduce the novel LTS Synchronous Interface Automaton (SIA) that allows to model the interaction protocol of a process via its interface and to incrementally compose simple processes into more complex ones while preserving the system properties. Exploiting these properties I introduce an analysis to identify permanent blocking situations in a network of composed processes. SIAs are wrapped by the novel component-based coordination model Process Network with Synchronous Communication (PNSC) that allows to describe a network of concurrent processes where multiple communication models and the co-existence and interaction of heterogeneous processes is supported due to well defined interfaces. The work presented in this dissertation follows a holistic approach which spans from the theory of the underlying model to an instantiation of the model as a novel coordination language, called Streamix. The language uses network operators to compose networks of concurrent processes in a structured and hierarchical way. The work is validated by a prototype implementation of a compiler and a Run-time System (RTS) that allows to compile a Streamix program and execute it on a platform with support for ISO C, POSIX threads, and a Linux operating system.

本研究係發想自政治大學「未來馬戲團」的展演活動表演方式，嘗試改進表演方式中的程式技術，以程式化方式整合展演藝術中實體與虛擬的互動平台，我們希望提供導演撰寫較為口語或展演描述方式的腳本敘述如『when ... other-wise ...』，如此一來就可以任意組合實體演員的肢體動作與指示虛擬環境的特效，因此我們採用了一套介接實體與虛擬環境應用程式的領域專屬語言- Digital In-teractive Performance Sketch (DIPS)，用以開發客製化的展演程式庫，並佈署於本團隊自行開發的執行引擎 Wearable Item Service runtimE (WISE)，提供導演在這個引擎上透過這個DIPS編寫前述口語的程式腳本，讓程式自行互動，達成展演效果的自動變化。 我們的系統會接收來自展演人員穿配的連網感應器上的訊號，並且根據導演寫好的腳本規則，自動根據接收到的裝置訊號判斷出該指示虛擬環境做出什麼樣的效果，以達到展演效果自動變化，完成虛擬與實體展互動的程式支援。 為了減少腳本程式撰寫前須具備的程式邏輯訓練，本研究開發一款所見即所得(WYSIWYG)的視覺化腳本編輯器 DIPS Creator，提供腳本編寫者可以直覺的方式組合編輯器中的展演詞彙方塊，完成腳本設計。 本研究展示了如何以較為口語或展演語意的方式敘述展演規則，以實現虛實互動的程式化，並且提供了具有彈性的客製化展演函式庫及圖形化展演規則編輯器的製作方式，未來可增加多演員層次的抽象支援以展現本研究系統的更多程式化能力，並加入表演階段設計、雙向溝通與規則互斥等能力，擴充系統功能。 / This research was inspired by “The Future Circus”, a cyber-physical interactive performance art developed in National Chengchi University. In this thesis, we pro-pose some mechanisms to support such performance art programmatically in a more effective manner. Specially, we provide a high-level scripting tool for directors to de-scribe the performance rules abstractly in the form of “when ... otherwise ...”, so that directors can compose arbitrary actions and effects easily. Underlying such abstract rules are a domain specific language – Digital Interactive Performance Sketch (DIPS), and a middleware. Wearable Item Service runtime (WISE), developed by our research team. Given a script with those abstract rules, our system will receive signals sent from a sensor on wearable devices of actors, and then it will command cyber environment perform effects, the performance effects or actions according to rules written by the director. Through our integration efforts, the performance effects in the cyber environment will change automatically in a programmatic way. Besides, for users without prior scripting experience, we developed a WYSIWYG GUI editor, DIPS Creator, that allows users to write a script intuitively by dragging and dropping pre-built rule blocks. We conduct a few experiments with real sensor device to demonstrate the programming support of our tool. The preliminary results are satisfactory in terms of prototype support. To further extend our tool for practical performance, we describe in detail a few directions such as support for multiple actor performance stage model-ing, and integrity check of related rules that will make our system more powerful.

De nos jours, la validation des unités de contrôle électronique ECU se fonde généralement sur la simulationHardware-In-the-Loop où les systèmes physiques qui manquent sont modélisés à l’aide deséquations différentielles hybrides. La complexité croissante de ce type de modèles rend le compromisentre le temps de calcul et la précision de la simulation difficile à satisfaire. Cette thèse étudie et proposedes méthodes d’analyse et d’expérimentation destinées à la co-simulation temps-réel ferme de modèlesdynamiques hybrides. Elle vise notamment à définir des solutions afin d’exploiter plus efficacement leparallélisme fourni par les architectures multi-coeurs en utilisant de nouvelles méthodes et paradigmesde l’allocation des ressources. La première phase de la thèse a étudié la possibilité d’utiliser des méthodesd’intégration numérique permettant d’adapter l’ordre comme la taille du pas de temps ainsi quede détecter les événements et ceci dans le contexte de la co-simulation modulaire avec des contraintestemps-réel faiblement dures. De plus, l’ordre d’exécution des différents modèles a été étudié afin dedémontrer l’influence du respect des dépendances de données entre les modèles couplés sur les résultatsde la simulation. Nous avons proposé pour cet objectif, une nouvelle méthode de co-simulationqui permet le parallélisme complet entre les modèles impliquant une accélération supra-linéaire sanspour autant ajouter des erreurs liées à l’ordre d’exécution. Enfin, les erreurs de retard causées par lataille de pas de communication entre les modèles ont été améliorées grâce à une nouvelle méthoded’extrapolation par contexte des signaux d’entrée. Toutes les approches proposées visent de manièreconstructive à améliorer la vitesse de simulation afin de respecter les contraintes temps-réel, tout engardant la qualité et la précision des résultats de simulation sous contrôle. Ces méthodes ont été validéespar plusieurs essais et expériences sur un modèle de moteur à combustion interne et intégrées àun prototype du logiciel xMOD. / Nowadays the validation of Electronic Control Units ECUs generally relies on Hardware-in-The-Loopsimulation where the lacking physical systems are modeled using hybrid differential equations. Theincreasing complexity of this kind of models makes the trade-off between time efficiency and the simulationaccuracy hard to satisfy. This thesis investigates and proposes some analytical and experimentalmethods towards weakly-hard real-time co-simulation of hybrid dynamical models. It seeks in particularto define solutions in order to exploit more efficiently the parallelism provided by multi-core architecturesusing new methods and paradigms of resource allocation. The first phase of the thesis studied the possibilityof using step-size and order control numerical integration methods with events detection in thecontext of real-time modular co-simulation when the time constraints are considered weakly-hard. Moreover,the execution order of the different models was studied to show the influence of keeping or not thedata dependencies between coupled models on the simulation results. We proposed for this aim a newmethod of co-simulation that allows the full parallelism between models implying supra-linear speed-upswithout adding errors related to their execution order. Finally, the delay errors due to the communicationstep-size between the models were improved thanks to a proposed context-based inputs extrapolation.All proposed approaches target constructively to enhance the simulation speed for the compliance toreal-time constraints while keeping the quality and accuracy of simulation results under control and theyare validated through several test and experiments on an internal combustion engine model and integratedto a prototype version of the xMOD software.

傳統展演中，觀眾和表演者被視為是兩個獨立的個體，表演者與表演者間及表演者與觀眾間互動不多，若使用穿戴式裝置結合科技與藝術的「虛實互動數位展演」，能協助營造現場的互動氣氛，是既新穎又富有創意的表演模式，還能結合故事劇情與觀眾互動，此種互動的情境氛圍，會比一般的資訊傳遞更容易讓觀眾有所感受。 而目前許多表演活動的展演特效系統，都是由特效控制技術人員根據展演人員的動作與節目進程來呈現。如果由展演人員自行操作、建置與管理的話，便需要瞭解特效控制的相關技術，此外也需要和技術人員互相溝通與合作。而彼此觀念、資訊與背景的不同，難免容易造成控制上的失誤、延遲或是溝通不良導致表演效果不佳以致於觀眾不好的視聽感受。基於上述問題，本研究將設計一個基於多租戶概念的雲端互動展演系統整合平台，展演人員只需透過網路連結至展演系統網站，配合連網感應器的穿戴式裝置，不需自行建置、管理系統平台，登入後可依個人需求使用直覺圖形化邏輯編輯器，使用滑鼠拖拉，控制需求，不需繁複的技術教學訓練，便根據穿戴式裝置回傳的感測訊號做出響應式的展演效果變化，達到展演人員可簡單好上手地自行操作展演特效系統，減少與特效控制技術人員合作上的失誤。 / In traditional performance art, viewers and performers are regarded as two independent individuals. There is less interaction between performers and performers, performers and audiences. If wearable devices are used in the "cyber-physical interactive digital performance art", it can help create an interactive atmosphere in the scene. It is a creative, innovative mode of performance, and it also creates a combination between scenario and the interaction of the audiences. The interactive atmosphere is easier for the audience to be affected than ordinary information transmission. Currently, many special effects are presented by the technical staff. They are based on the performers and progression of show. If the special effects are managed by the performer-selves, they need to understand the relative technologies. In addition, they have to cooperate and communicate with technical staff. However, the difference of concept and background between each other, it's hard to avoid the mistake, delay, or misunderstanding of control. It may cause that the poor performance bring audience about the bad auditory and visual feeling. According to above issues, this study will design and implement a multi-tenant cloud platform for cyber-physical interactive performance art. The performers just connect to the performance art system website via the Internet, with the wearable device, and they do not need to set up and manage system platform by themselves. They log in the website, with the GUI editor, and use mouse to control demand. Without complex technical training, the variety of special effects are presented which based on the wearable device’s signal. We suppose that the platform makes the performers operate special effects system by themselves simply and easily. It also reduces the misunderstanding with the technical staff.