INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes oncológicos exigem um olhar diferenciado da equipe multiprofissional que o assiste. O câncer provoca um estresse de longo prazo. Fora a preocupação imediata com a morte, o medo relacionado à dor e às deformidades físicas deixam os pacientes em total quadro de ansiedade e muitas vezes, quadros depressivos se instalam no diagnóstico e se prolongam após o tratamento. Para o tratamento do câncer de bexiga é realizada a cistectomia total, desta forma torna-se necessária a utilização de técnicas de derivação urinária (Bricker ou neobexiga), ambas tem seus benefícios e empecilhos que irão influenciar diretamente na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Comparar as alterações de qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos às técnicas de reconstrução urinária por neobexiga ortotópica ou derivação urinária a Bricker em pacientes submetidos à cistectomia radical. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, transversal de 67 pacientes submetidos à cistectomia radical, divididos em dois grupos: 1) Neobexiga e 2) ureteroileostomia cutânea (Bricker) operados no período de Julho/2005 a Outubro/2010, pela mesma equipe cirúrgica, no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram utilizados para entrevista a ficha Sócio- Demográfica, a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão e o Questionário SF36. RESULTADOS: Observamos que a média de idade do grupo Bricker é significativamente maior que a do grupo com neobexiga (p = 0,036). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas proporções de sexo entre os dois grupos (p = 0,963). Quanto às demais adaptações pós-operatórias, como retorno ao trabalho, sono e repouso, nível de ansiedade e depressão, em nosso estudo não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as técnicas. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença significativa, com relação a qualidade de vida pós operatória, entre os pacientes submetidos a derivação urinária por neobexiga ortotópica ou Bricker / INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients require a different view of the multidisciplinary team because cancer may cause long-term stress. The concern with death, fear related to pain and physical deformities leave patients in complete of anxiety and depression settle in the diagnosis and continue after treatment. Physical and mental distress is common while living with cancer illness. Patients commonly suffer because the concern with death, fear related to pain and physical deformities. For the treatment of bladder cancer a radical cystectomy is performed and the choice of transposed intestinal segment surgery ranges from incontinent urinary diversion through an abdominal stoma (ileal conduit diversion) to continent urinary diversion to orthotopic bladder replacement (orthotopic neobladder), both have their benefits and drawbacks that will directly influence the quality of life of these patients. OBJECTIVE: We compared health-related quality of life between patients who underwent orthotopic neobladder or an ileal conduit urinary diversion following radical cystectomy. METHOD: The study included 67 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, divided into two groups: 1) Neobladder; 2) Ileal conduit diversion (Bricker). Health related quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36 survey, a patient demographic sheet and the anxiety and depression scale. RESULTS: When compared the mean age, we found that the mean age of the Bricker group is significantly higher than in the neobladder group (p = 0.036). There were no significant differences in sex ratios between the two groups (p = 0.963). There was no significant difference in any scale scores between the neobladder and ileal conduit groups. Conclusion: No significant postoperative differences were observed in the QOL associated with the urinary diversion.

Objectifs: Les données provenant des centres de soins tertiaires suggèrent que le taux de mortalité péri-opératoire (MPO) après cystectomie notés pour les patients âgés (septuagénaires et octogénaires) n’excède pas celle des patients plus jeunes. Toutefois, les données provenant de la communauté démontrent un phénomène inverse. Spécifiquement, la MPO est plus élevés chez les ainés. Dans cette thèse nous allons présenter une réévaluation contemporaine du taux de MPO après cystectomie. Méthodes: Entre 1988 et 2006, 12722 cystectomies radicales pour le carcinome urothéliale de la vessie ont été enregistrées dans la banque de données SEER. Le taux de MPO a été évalué dans les analyses de régression logistique univariées et multivariées à 90 jours après cystectomie radicale. Les covariables incluaient: le sexe, l’ethnie, l’année de chirurgie, la région d’origine du patient ainsi que le grade et le stade de la tumeur. Résultats: Parmi tous les patients, 4480 étaient des septuagénaires (35.2%) et 1439 étaient des octogénaires (11.3%). Le taux de MPO à 90 jours était de 4% pour la cohorte entière vs. 2% pour les patients moins de 69 ans vs. 5.4% pour les septuagénaires vs. 9.2% pour les octogénaires. Dans les analyses de régression logistiques multivariées, les septuagénaires (OR=2.80; <0.001) et les octogénaires (OR=5.02; <0.001) avaient reçu un taux de MPO plus augmenté que les patients moins de 70 ans après une cystectomie radicale. Conclusion: Cette analyse épidémiologique basée sur les donnés le plus contemporaines démontre que l’âge avancée représente un facteur de risque pour un taux de MPO plus élevé. / Objective Data from tertiary care centers suggest that the perioperative mortality (POM) after radical cystectomy (RC) is not different in septuagenarian or octogenarian patients, compared to younger individuals. Conversely, population-based data state otherwise. We revisited this topic in a large contemporary population-based cohort. Methods Between 1988 and 2006, 12722 radical cystectomies were performed for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) in 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. Of those 4480 were aged 70-79 and 1439 were 80 years and older. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models tested 90-day mortality (90dM) after radical cystectomy. Covariates consisted of gender, race, year of surgery, SEER registry, histological grade and stage. Results Of all 12722 patients, 4480 (35.2%) were septuagenarian and 1439 (11.3%) were octogenarian. The overall 90dM rate was 4% for the entire population, 2% for patients aged 69 years or younger, 5.4% for septuagenarian patients and 9.2% for octogenarian patients. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, septuagenarian (OR= 2.80; <0.001) and octogenarian (OR= 5.02; <0.001) age increased the risk of 90dM after RC. Conclusions In this population-based analysis, POM was between 3 and 5-fold higher respectively in septuagenarian and octogenarian patients which is higher in tertiary care centers. This information needs to be included in informed consent considerations, specifically if RC will not be performed at a tertiary care center.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes oncológicos exigem um olhar diferenciado da equipe multiprofissional que o assiste. O câncer provoca um estresse de longo prazo. Fora a preocupação imediata com a morte, o medo relacionado à dor e às deformidades físicas deixam os pacientes em total quadro de ansiedade e muitas vezes, quadros depressivos se instalam no diagnóstico e se prolongam após o tratamento. Para o tratamento do câncer de bexiga é realizada a cistectomia total, desta forma torna-se necessária a utilização de técnicas de derivação urinária (Bricker ou neobexiga), ambas tem seus benefícios e empecilhos que irão influenciar diretamente na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Comparar as alterações de qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos às técnicas de reconstrução urinária por neobexiga ortotópica ou derivação urinária a Bricker em pacientes submetidos à cistectomia radical. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, transversal de 67 pacientes submetidos à cistectomia radical, divididos em dois grupos: 1) Neobexiga e 2) ureteroileostomia cutânea (Bricker) operados no período de Julho/2005 a Outubro/2010, pela mesma equipe cirúrgica, no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram utilizados para entrevista a ficha Sócio- Demográfica, a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão e o Questionário SF36. RESULTADOS: Observamos que a média de idade do grupo Bricker é significativamente maior que a do grupo com neobexiga (p = 0,036). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas proporções de sexo entre os dois grupos (p = 0,963). Quanto às demais adaptações pós-operatórias, como retorno ao trabalho, sono e repouso, nível de ansiedade e depressão, em nosso estudo não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as técnicas. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença significativa, com relação a qualidade de vida pós operatória, entre os pacientes submetidos a derivação urinária por neobexiga ortotópica ou Bricker / INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients require a different view of the multidisciplinary team because cancer may cause long-term stress. The concern with death, fear related to pain and physical deformities leave patients in complete of anxiety and depression settle in the diagnosis and continue after treatment. Physical and mental distress is common while living with cancer illness. Patients commonly suffer because the concern with death, fear related to pain and physical deformities. For the treatment of bladder cancer a radical cystectomy is performed and the choice of transposed intestinal segment surgery ranges from incontinent urinary diversion through an abdominal stoma (ileal conduit diversion) to continent urinary diversion to orthotopic bladder replacement (orthotopic neobladder), both have their benefits and drawbacks that will directly influence the quality of life of these patients. OBJECTIVE: We compared health-related quality of life between patients who underwent orthotopic neobladder or an ileal conduit urinary diversion following radical cystectomy. METHOD: The study included 67 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, divided into two groups: 1) Neobladder; 2) Ileal conduit diversion (Bricker). Health related quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36 survey, a patient demographic sheet and the anxiety and depression scale. RESULTS: When compared the mean age, we found that the mean age of the Bricker group is significantly higher than in the neobladder group (p = 0.036). There were no significant differences in sex ratios between the two groups (p = 0.963). There was no significant difference in any scale scores between the neobladder and ileal conduit groups. Conclusion: No significant postoperative differences were observed in the QOL associated with the urinary diversion.

No description available.

Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) still poses a significant risk for mortality and morbidity. Objectives: We compared in-hospital outcomes after RC in the United States and Germany using population-based data. Methods: We compared data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample to the German hospital billing database. Mortality and transfusion during hospital stay and length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Results: In all, 17,711 (the United States) and 60,447 (Germany) cases were included. The share of robot-assisted RC increased to 20.5% in the United States vs. 2.3% in Germany (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was 1.9% (the United States) vs. 4.6% (Germany), transfusion rates were 34.2% (the United States) vs. 58.7% (Germany), and LOS was 10.7 (the United States) vs. 25.1 days (Germany; all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, higher patient age and lower annual hospital caseload were associated with increased mortality and longer LOS. Minimalinvasive surgery was associated with less blood transfusion and shorter LOS in the United States vs. hospital caseload and choice of urinary diversion in Germany. Conclusions: Healthcare systems might exert a relevant impact on outcomes of oncologic surgery. Increased in-hospital mortality rates in Germany seem to be partly explained by much longer LOS compared to those in the United States. Annual caseload seems to be influential on in-hospital outcomes raising the question of centralization of RC.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar características clínico-patológicas com ênfase na presença de variantes histológicas (VH) nos carcinomas uroteliais da bexiga e nas metástases linfonodais (ML). Caracterizar perfis imuno-histoquímicos relacionados aos subtipos moleculares e verificar suas associações clínico-patológicas. MÉTODOS: 183 carcinomas uroteliais de alto grau músculo-invasivos submetidos a cistectomia radical no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, HCFMUSP ou Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz foram caracterizados quanto ao gênero, idade, tamanho, focalidade, configuração neoplásica, necrose, invasões angiolinfática e perineural, VH, carcinoma in situ, infiltrado inflamatório peri e intratumoral, estádio, margem cirúrgica, ML e VH na metástase. Resultados semi-quantitativos da pesquisa imuno-histoquímica (IH) de CK20 e GATA3 (associados ao subtipo luminal) e CK5, SALL4 e Vimentina (associados ao subtipo basal), que foi realizada em micromatrizes teciduais com abundante representação do tumor primário e das ML, tiveram valor de corte de 20%, definindo os casos em positivos e negativos. Casos negativos para CK20 ou GATA3 e positivos para CK5 foram agrupados no subtipo basal; casos positivos para CK20 ou GATA3 e negativos para CK5 agrupados no subtipo luminal e casos duplo positivos ou duplo negativos agrupados no subtipo indeterminado. As associações entre estes subtipos e as características clínico-patológicas foram realizadas através de testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas. A comparação dos subtipos obtidos no centro do tumor e na ML foi realizada com testes de McNemar-Bowker e concordância pelo coeficiente Kappa. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada pelo método Kaplan-Meier e testes de Breslow. RESULTADOS: VH foram observadas em 116 (63,4%) casos e associadas a invasão linfovascular (p=0,043), VH na metástase (p < 0,001), pior sobrevida global (p=0,043). Havia 14 diferentes VH, a escamosa, mais comum, foi associada a tumores maiores (p=0,003); necrose (p=0,004); VH sarcomatoide (p=0,047), VH na metástase (p=0,003), sem impacto nas sobrevidas. VH micropapilífera, segunda mais observada, foi associada a invasão linfovascular (p=0,002); margem cirúrgica positiva (p=0,005); metástase linfonodal (p < 0,001), VH na metástase (p=0,007) e piores sobrevidas doença específica (p=0,016) e global (p=0,005). VHs foram observadas em 40,7% das metástases linfonodais, com apenas um caso discordante das VH observadas no tumor vesical. Nos dois perfis IH estabelecidos não houve impacto nas sobrevidas e o subtipo basal foi associado a tumores maiores (CK5/CK20 p=0,025; CK5/GATA3 p=0,006) e a variante escamosa (CK5/CK20 e CK5/GATA3 p < 0,001) e o subtipo luminal foi associado a variantes micropapilífera (CK5/CK20 e CK5/GATA3 p < 0,001) e plasmocitoide (CK5/CK20 p=0,003; CK5/GATA3 p=0,011). Foi moderado o grau de concordância do subtipo observado no centro comparado ao observado na ML (CK5/CK20 Kappa=0,57; CK5/GATA3 Kappa=0,48). CONCLUSÕES: A presença de VH nos carcinomas uroteliais da bexiga, além de acarretar heterogeneidade intratumoral, foi associada a características clínico-patológicas de agressividade, com impacto na sobrevida, sobretudo na variante micropapilífera. O perfil IH basal foi associado a tumores maiores com variante escamosa e o perfil IH luminal foi associado às variantes micropapilífera e plasmocitoide. Os perfis IHs não diferiram quanto às sobrevidas e houve moderada concordância com os perfis observados nas ML / OBJETIVES: Evaluate clinicopathological features emphasizing the presence of histological variants (HV) in bladder urothelial carcinomas and their lymph node metastasis (LNM). Characterize immunohistochemical profiles related to molecular subtypes and verify their clinicopathological associations. METHODS: 183 high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas undergoing radical cystectomy at Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, HCFMUSP or Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz were classified according to gender, age, size, focality, neoplastic configuration, necrosis, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, HV, carcinoma in situ, peritumoral and intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate, stage, surgical margin, LNM and HV in metastasis. Semi-quantitative results of the immuhistochemical (IHC) studies for CK20 and GATA3 (associated with the luminal subtype) and CK5, SALL4 and Vimentin (associated with basal subtype), which were performed in tissue microarrays with abundant representation of the primary tumor and LNM, had a cutoff value of 20%, dividing cases into positive and negative. Negative cases for CK20 or GATA3 and positive for CK5 were grouped into the basal subtype; positive cases for CK20 or GATA3 and negative for CK5 were grouped into luminal subtype and double positive or double negative cases were grouped into the undetermined subtype. The associations between these subtypes and clinicopathological features were performed using chi-square or Fisher´s exact tests for the categorical variables. Comparison of the subtype obtained at the center of the tumor and LNM was performed using McNemar-Bowker test and agreement with Kappa coefficient. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and Breslow tests. RESULTS: HV were observed in 116 (63.4%) cases and associated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.043); HV in metastasis (p < 0.001), worse overall survival (p=0.043). There were 14 different HV, and squamous variant, the most common, was associated with larger tumors (p=0.003); necrosis (p=0.004), sarcomatoid variant (p=0,047), HV in metastasis (p=0.003), with no impact on survival. Micropapillary variant, the second most observed, was associated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.002); positive surgical margin (p=0.005); LNM (p < 0.001); HV in metastasis (p=0.007) and worse disease-specific (p=0.016) an overall survival (p=0.005). HV were observed in 40.7% of the LNM, and only one case was discordant with HV observed in the bladder tumor. In both IHC profiles there was no impact on survival, and the basal subtype was associated with larger tumors (CK5/CK20 p=0.025; CK5/GATA3 p=0.006) and squamous variant (CK5/CK20 and CK5/GATA3 p < 0.001). Luminal subtype was associated with micropapillary variant (CK5/CK20 and CK5/GATA3 p < 0.001) and plasmacytoid variant (CK5/CK20 p=0.003; CK5/GATA3 p=0.011). There was moderate agreement between the subtype observed in the tumor center compared to that observed in LNM (CK5/CK20 Kappa=0.57; CK5/GATA3 Kappa=0.48). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HV in bladder urothelial carcinomas, in addition to cause intratumoral heterogeneity, was associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of aggressiveness, with impact on survival, especially in the micropapillary variant. The basal IHC profile was associated with larger tumors and squamous variant, and the luminal IHC profile was associated with micropapillary and plasmacytoid variants. The IHC profiles did not differ on the survival rates and there was moderate agreement compared to the subtypes observed in LNM

Background: Data on the impact of gender on mortality after radical cystectomy is conflicting. We investigated a large single center sample with long-term follow-up in order to determine the relationship between gender and outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 1,184 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for high risk superficial or muscle-invasive urothelial or undifferentiated bladder cancer between 1993 and 2015 were stratified by gender. Demographic data was compared using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analysis of competing risks and logit models were used for the prediction of the receipt of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Results: Female patients were older, healthier, less frequently current smokers and had more extravesical tumors. In the multivariate analyses, female gender was an independent predictor of (lower) non-bladder cancer (competing) mortality (hazards ratio [HR] 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.95, p = 0.0248) but no predictor of bladder cancer-specific mortality (HR in the full model 1.20, 95% CI 0.94–1.54, p = 0.15). Gender was no predictor of the receipt of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: Female gender was associated with an increased risk of extravesical disease but was no independent predictor of bladder cancer-specific mortality. Anatomical differences might be a plausible explanation for these observations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Gabriela_Uchoa.pdf: 897498 bytes, checksum: 9761f9b1b5b6c7f028d1d5674bbaa4d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-06 / Urinary disorders are an important discovery in the ileocystoplasties, especially uroliths and bladder crystals, and are partially related to the kind of material used the in suture itself. The purpose of this study is to verify if there are differences regarding the formation of uroliths or bladder crystals after dogs ileocystoplasties practices involving sutures using unabsorbed titanium staples and sutures with polyglatine 910, observing the impact of the procedure in the renal function, modifications in the urinary constituents and differences in the surgery time duration between the groups. For that, two experimental groups of animals, each one with six, have been considered. In one group it has been used a polyglactin 910 suture thread (group A) and in the other, a titanium stapler (group B). In each animal of both groups there was selected a terminal ileac segment with approximately 5 cm for bladder augmentation. In group A, a suture of the detubularized ileum segment in bladder was executed using a polyglactin 910. In group B, the bladder augmentation with the selected ileac segment was done by linear cutter stapler using titanium staples. It was observed the presence of struvite crystals in both groups, in 11 animals of the experiment. In group A the operation duration was longer if compared to group B . It was also observed the formation of urinary mucus in great quantity in all animals in the post-operation first days. It was confirmed the formation of calculi in two animals, one in each experimental group, but in the group A animal the calculi was free from lumen and in the group B animal the stone was adhered to the stapling zone, attached to a staple that got exposed to direct contact with the urine. In the parameters verified in the urinalysis, urea and seric creatinine there was no sign of renal alteration and in the verification of blood count, no alterations were noticed or considered significant. It was possible to conclude that no significant differences were observed between the groups as for the formation of urinary stones and crystals in ileocystoplasties after 100 days. If compared to group B , Group A presented a longer operation and there were not evidences of alteration in the renal function in any phase of the experiment in both groups / Alterações urinárias são um importante achado nas ileocistoplastias, sobretudo os urólitos e a cristalúria, e em parte estão relacionados ao tipo de material de sutura envolvido neste procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença na formação de urólitos ou cristalóides urinários após ileocistoplastias em cães, realizadas por meio de sutura com grampos inabsorvíveis de titânio e sutura com poliglactina 910, observando o impacto do procedimento na função renal, alterações nos constituintes urinários e a diferença de tempo cirúrgico entre os grupos. Utilizou-se dois grupos experimentais com seis animais cada, um com fio de poliglactina 910 para a sutura da ileocistoplastia (grupo A), e outro usando grampos de titânio (grupo B). Em cada animal foi selecionado um segmento de aproximadamente 5 cm de íleo terminal para ampliação vesical. No grupo A realizou-se a sutura do segmento ileal detubulizado na bexiga com fio de poliglactina 910. No grupo B foi realizada a ampliação vesical com o segmento ileal selecionado com auxílio de grampeador linear cortante para detubulização e sutura grampos de titânio. Observou-se a presença de cristais de estruvita em 11 animais de ambos os grupos do experimento. No grupo A o tempo operatório foi maior se comparado ao grupo B . Foi possível observar a formação de grande quantidade de muco na urina de todos os animais já nos primeiros dias de pós-operatório. Verificou-se a formação de cálculos em dois animais, um de cada grupo experimental, sendo que no grupo A o cálculo estava livre no lúmen e no grupo B o cálculo estava aderido à zona de grampeamento, ligado a um grampo em contato direto com a urina. Dentro dos parâmetros avaliados na urinálise, uréia e creatina séricas, não houve qualquer sinal de alteração renal e nas avaliações de hemograma não foram percebidas alterações significativas. Foi possível concluir que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto à formação de cristais urinários e urólitos após 100 dias das ileocistoplastias, o grupo A apresentou maior tempo cirúrgico se comparado ao grupo B e não houve evidências de alteração na função renal em nenhuma fase do experimento em ambos os grupos.