Ao propor que há mais lugar para a dimensão material do que o comumente ocupado por ela, a abordagem teórica das materialidades parece sugerir novas maneiras de pensar fenômenos, ao considerar a experiência sensorial requerida por eles e a demanda de um engajamento corpóreo na apreensão dos estímulos que emanam dessas interações. Nesse contexto, procuramos investigar as afinidades entre as proposições centrais da noção de produção de presença e a promoção de uma cultura do encontro proposta por Jorge Mário Bergoglio, o Papa Francisco, enquanto movimentos que privilegiam a experiência adquirida através dos corpos, do ambiente físico e da interação com objetos. A partir da observação de momentos específicos da visita do Papa ao Brasil, buscamos apreender de que forma esse processo é evidenciado (seja por meio de discursos, expressões visuais ou gestos) e parece corresponder a uma demanda contemporânea por eventos que recuperem uma dimensão espacial de nossa existência

Neste trabalho considera-se uma reparametrização no modelo log-gama generalizado para a inclusão de dados com sobreviventes de longa duração. Os modelos tentam estimar separadamente os efeitos das covariáveis na aceleração ou desaceleração no tempo e na fração de sobreviventes que é a proporção da população para o qual o evento não ocorre. A função logística é usada para o modelo de regressão com fração de cura. Os parâmetros do modelo, serão estimados através do método de máxima verossimilhança. Alguns métodos de influência, como a influência local e a influência local total de um indivíduo, serão introduzidos, calculados, analisados e discutidos. Finalmente, um conjunto de dados médicos será analisado sob o modelo log-gama generalizado com fração de cura. Uma análise de resíduos será executada para verificar a qualidade de ajuste do modelo. / In this work the generalized log-gama model is modified for possibility that long-term survivors are present in the data . The models attempt to estimate separately the effects of covariates on the accelaration/decelaration of the timing of a given event and surviving fraction; that is, the proportion of the population for which the event never occurs. The logistic function is used for the regression model of the surviving fraction. Inference for the model parameters is considered via maximum likelihood. Some influence methods, such as the local influence, total local influence of an individual are derived, analyzed and discussed. Finally, a data set from the medical area is analyzed under log-gama generalized mixture model. A residual analysis is performed in order to select an appropriate model.

Unit testing is defined as a test activity usually performed by a developer for the purpose of demonstrating program functionality and meeting the requirements specification of module. Nowadays, unit testing is considered as an integral part in the software development cycle. However, performing unit testing by developers is still considered as a major concern because of the time and cost involved in it. Automation support for unit testing, in the form of various automation tools, could significantly lower the cost of performing unit testing phase as well as decrease the time developer involved in the actual testing. The problem is how to choose the most appropriate tool that will suit developer requirements consisting of cost involved, effort needed, level of automation provided, language support, etc. This research work presents results from a systematic literature review with the aim of finding all unit testing tools with an automation support. In the systematic literature review, we initially identified 1957 studies. After performing several removal stages, 112 primary studies were listed and 24 tools identified in total. Along with the list of tools, we also provide the categorization of all the tools found based on the programming language support, availability (License, Open source, Free), testing technique, level of effort required by developer to use tool, target domain, that we consider as good properties for a developer to make a decision on which tool to use. Additionally, we categorized type of error(s) found by some tools, which could be beneficial for a developer when looking at the tool’s effectiveness. The main intent of this report is to aid developers in the process of choosing an appropriate unit testing tool from categorization table of available tools with automation unit testing support that ease this process significantly. This work could be beneficial for researchers considering to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of each tool and use this information to eventually build a new tool with the same properties as several others.

Master of Arts / Department of Geography / John A. Harrington Jr / In late summer and fall, many migratory birds journey south from the North American Great Plains to spend the winter in locations with greater food availability. As spring returns, a combination of genetics and environmental cues trigger these birds to return north to their breeding grounds. Several bird migration phenology studies from Europe, Australia, and the eastern/northern United States have discovered that some bird species are returning earlier in the spring, a change that has often been correlated with a warming climate. This study aimed to be the first to analyze possible changes in both spring bird migration phenology and regional spring climate change in Kansas. First arrival dates (FADs) were collected for thirty bird species, resulting in a database with over 6,000 FAD entries. For northeast Kansas, 1997-2007 median arrival dates were calculated and compared to dates published by Dr. Richard Johnston in 1965. In southcentral Kansas, 1997-2007 and 1947-1967 median arrival dates were calculated and compared. Temperature data from spring (February through May) were also obtained from the National Climate Data Center's United States Historical Climatology Network for all stations within northeast and south central Kansas and temporal trends were analyzed with linear regression analysis. A comparison between median arrival dates in northeast Kansas found that eleven species had altered their arrival date by a potentially significant number of days. Nine of these had advanced their arrival and two showed a delay. In south central Kansas, nine species were shown to have statistically significant differences in median arrival dates between time periods. Six of these showed an advance and three showed a delay. Five species showed the same trend between both regions, with four arriving earlier by an average 9.4 days and one delaying by an average of 4.5 days. Temperature trends for both subregions in Kansas showed significant warming of 1.8-2.6°F (1.0-1.4°C) over the last century, with the largest warming observed in February and associated strongly with increasing minimum temperatures. The results from this study provide the first evidence that some bird species have recently altered the timing of their arrival in Kansas, with a greater shift toward earlier arrival dates. While the majority of these shifts were correlated with spring warming in Kansas, additional research is necessary to determine the precise cause(s) of these phenological shifts. Still, given existing literature and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predictions for continued warming in the next century, continued alterations to bird migration phenology seem likely.

Bakgrund: Frivillig revision är ett relativt nytt fenomen i Sverige. Efter avskaffandet av revisionsplikten 2010 har flera myndigheter så som Bolagsverket och Ekobrottsmyndigheten, slagit larm om försämrad kvalitet i årsredovisningar och att antalet försenade årsredovisningar ökat. På grund av detta anses relationen mellan revision, inlämningstidpunkt och redovisningskvalitet i Sverige vara värd att studera. Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att förklara revisionens och inlämningstidpunktens samband med redovisningskvalitet i små svenska aktiebolag. Metod: Studien utgår från ett deduktivt och eklektiskt angreppssätt där grundläggande ekonomiska och systemorienterade teorier används. Studien utgörs av en kvantitativ databasundersökning där företags årsredovisningar avseende 2015 studeras. Slutsats: Med hjälp av studien kan konstateras att det finns ett samband mellan revision och hög redovisningskvalitet. Något samband mellan tidpunkten för årsredovisningens inlämnade och redovisningskvalitet har inte identifierats. / Background: Voluntary audit is a relatively new phenomena in Sweden. Following the abolition of 2010, several Swedish authorities, such as the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket) and the Swedish Economic Crime Authority (Ekobrottsmyndigheten), have warned of a deterioration of quality in annual reports and that a larger number of annual reports arrive late to the registration authority than before. Because of this, the relationship between audit, the annual report submission date and accounting quality in Sweden is considered worth studying. Purpose: This paper aims to explain the audit and submission dates relations to accounting quality in small limited companies in Sweden. Method: The study is based on a deductive and eclectic approach where fundamental economic and system-oriented theories are used. The study consists of a quantitative database survey in which company’s annual reports of the fiscal year 2015 has been studied. Conclusion: The study shows a significant relationship between audit and high accounting quality. A connection between the submission date of the annual report and accounting quality has not been detected.

Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS) / There is increasing concern worldwide by researchers with regards to the assessing of safety and therapeutic consumption of the plants used in traditional medicine. Date palm pollen (DPP) and flax seed have been used traditionally to improve fertility in Libya. DPP extracts have shown several reproductive beneficial effects. In vivo, studies have revealed the ability of DPP to increase sperm concentrations, ameliorate the testicular toxicity induced by cadmium and lead, raise testosterone, as well as LH and FSH hormone levels. Flax seed phytochemical analysis showed lots of valuable components such as lignans and α linolenic acid to which were attributed its positive health effects like antitumor, antioxidant and protective effects against coronary heart diseases. Moreover, flax lignans have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential. This study was aimed at testing the effects of Libyan DPP and flax seed on the Sertoli (TM4) cell line and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF - 7) cell line. Different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml) of ethanolic extracts of DPP and flax seed, respectively, were used to assess the morphology of TM4 and MCF - 7 cells after 24 and 72 hours exposure. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity as a marker of cell viability was measured by MTT assay after 24 and 72 hours exposure. Apoptotic effects were assessed by flow cytometeric APO percentage assay. TM4 cell production of Inhibin - B hormone and GGT enzyme activity under the effects of DPP or flax seed was determined by use of ELISA kits. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay were used to detect the effect of DPP or flax seed on TM4 cell monolayer integrity. Finally the plants potential phytoestrogenic activity was determined by use of E - SCREEN assay in MCF – 7 breast cancer cells. Higher concentrations of DPP significantly increased the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme of TM4 cells after 24 hours associated with increasing cell number as detected in a microphotograph. Flax seed concentrations less than 100 μg/ml reduced TM4 cell viability but there were no morphological changes visible after 24 hours. MCF - 7 cells viability was reduced after 24 and 72 hours treatment with DPP and flax seed. DPP concentrations beyond 1 μg/ml significantly raised the TEER of TM4 monolayer over 72 hours while flax seed treatments caused a significant increase only after 72 hours of exposure. TM4 cells GGT activity increased significantly after exposure to higher concentrations of DPP and all flax seed concentrations. Significant stimulatory effects of all the concentrations of DPP or flax seed on TM4 inhibin - B hormone productions have been detected. Apoptotic studies showed no significant changes. E - SCREEN assay resulted in significant reduction in MCF - 7 proliferation rate under the effect of low concentrations of DPP or flax seed. Higher concentrations of the plant extracts, however, stated to increase MCF – 7 cell proliferation, this exerts weak estrogenic activities. In conclusion, the main finding of this study is that DPP and flax seed showed stimulatory effects on TM4 cells proliferation. The resistivity of TM4 cells monolayer which reflect the integrity of blood – testis barrier (BTB) was also significantly increased as well as inhibin - B production and GGT enzyme activity. In addition DPP and flax seed respectively showed inhibitory effects on MCF - 7 cells viability. This study indicated that DPP or flax seed may enhance spermatogenesis through their stimulatory action on Sertoli cells. Moreover, both plants could reduce breast cancer cells viability. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms behind these obtained findings.

La datte Deglet-Nour est traditionnellement récoltée et consommée au stade de maturité complet Tamar caractérisée par une faible activité en eau (aw< 0,76). Cette datte est stable dans des conditions ambiantes. En revanche, à un stade de maturité précoce (Routab), la Deglet-Nour est intéressante sur le plan organoleptique, mais susceptible de développement microbien en raison de son activité en eau intermédiaire (aw = 0,80−0,85). Ce travail s'est intéressé à d'une part, réduire la charge microbienne initiale des dattes par une opération de traitement thermique de surface post-récolte, puis d'autre part, à prolonger la durée de vie des dattes en inhibant le développement fongique par l'effet (seul ou combiné) de trois facteurs environnementaux que sont la température, l'aw et l'atmosphère enrichie en CO2 (emballage sous atmosphère modifiée). Les souches fongiques présentent à la surface des dattes ont été isolées et identifiées sur des dattes collectées dans trois régions du sud algérien ; il s'agit d'Aspergillus niger, d'Alternaria alternata et de Candida apicola. La charge fongique varie entre 2,4 et 5,8 10^2 UFC/g et est localisée uniquement à la surface des dattes. Un modèle d'inactivation thermique des souches a été développé. La thermosensibilité des souches a été évaluée avec un D_50 de 2,3 ± 0,4 min et 22,1 ± 2,1 min, pour C. apicola et Asp. niger respectivement. Les valeurs de sont 9,4 ± 2,6°C et 9,6 ± 0,1°C, pour C. apicola et Asp. niger, respectivement. Ce modèle cinétique a été validé en condition de traitement thermique instationnaire. Un modèle numérique de transfert d'énergie en 2D axisymétrique a été conçu et résolu par la méthode des éléments finis. Il prend notamment en compte, les diverses parties d'une datte (pulpe, lame d'air, noyau) et permet d'estimer la réduction de charge des levures et l'impact sur la qualité. Ces informations ont permis de rationaliser les barèmes de pasteurisation en surface des dattes tout en limitant le brunissement non-enzymatique. Les effets de la température (10−40°C), de l'aw (0,993−0,818) et de la concentration en CO2 (9,4−55,1%, v/v) sur les vitesses de croissance des deux souches ont été quantifiées et modélisées par un modèle primaire linéaire à deux phases et le modèle secondaire du γ-concept. Il inclue les interactions entre l'aw et le CO2. Les limites de croissance/non-croissance ont été prédites par une approche déterministe, et l'évaluation de la performance du modèle a été menée sur une pâte de datte. Asp. niger manifeste une plus grande vitesse de croissance et tolérance aux faible aw que Alt. alternata, tandis que Alt. alternata est plus tolérantes aux fortes concentrations en CO2 et aux basses températures (respectivement pour Asp. niger et Alt. alternata : µ_opt = 28,6 et 12,1 mm jour^–1 ; aw_min= 0,786 et 0,808 ; CO2_max= 79,8 et 95,1% ; T_min = 4,4°C et 1,6°C). Le modèle γ-concept surestime les vitesses de croissance sur la pâte de datte, en revanche le modèle reste optimiste avec des prédictions conservatrices. Cette étude a mis en évidence l'intérêt d'un traitement thermique pour pasteuriser la surface des dattes tout en limitant le brunissement non-enzymatique ; de plus l'effet inhibiteur CO2 sur la croissance des deux moisissures est très efficace et un conditionnement enrichi en CO2 semble pertinent pour la conservation de ces dattes immatures. / The Deglet-Nour date is traditionally harvested and consumed at full ripeness stage (Tamar) characterized by a reduced water activity (aw<0.76). This date is stable under ambient storage conditions. In contrast, unripe Deglet-Nour (Routab stage) has interesting organoleptic properties, but is prone to microbial contamination due to its intermediate water activity levels (aw = 0.80−0.85). On the one hand, this work focused on the reduction of the initial microbial load by post-harvest surface heat treatment operation and, on the other hand, extending the shelf life of the dates by the inhibition of fungal growth using three environmental factors: temperature, aw and CO2-enriched atmosphere (modified atmosphere packaging). The fungal strains initially present on the Deglet-Nour dates surface were isolated from three districts in Algeria (Biskra, Tolga and Doucen). These strains were identified at the molecular level as Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Candida apicola. The fungal load ranged from 2.4 to 5.8 10^2 CFU/g. A thermal inactivation model for these strains was developed. Decimal reduction times at 50°C (D_50) were 22,1 ± 2,1 min and 2.3 ± 0.4 min for A. niger and C. apicola, respectively. The z-values were 9.6 ± 0.1°C and 9.4 ± 2.6°C for A. niger and C. apicola, respectively. This kinetic model was validated in unsteady heat treatment conditions. In parallel, a 2D axial-symmetric model of heat transfer was designed and solved by the finite element method. It takes into account the various sub-domains of date (pulp, air layer and pit) and assesses the yeast inactivation rate and the impact on quality. These data allowed for streamlining pasteurization schedules on dates surface. The effect of temperature (10−40°C), aw (0.993−0.818) and CO2 concentrations (9.4-55.1%, V/V) on the growth rates of Asp. niger and Alt. alternata have been quantified and modeled using the two-phase linear model and the γ-concept. The boundary between growth/no-growth was predicted using a deterministic approach and the model performance evaluation was conducted on pasteurized date past. A significant effect of the environmental factors on the growth of both strains has been found. Asp. niger displayed a faster growth rate and higher tolerance to low aw than Alt. alternata, which in turn proved more resistant to CO2 concentration and low temperature (respectively for Asp. niger and Alt. alternata: µ_opt = 28.6 and 12.1 mm day^–1; aw_min= 0.786 and 0.808; CO2_max= 79.8 and 95.1% ; T_min = 4.4°C and 1.6°C). The γ-concept model overestimated growth rates on date past; however, it is optimistic and provides somewhat conservative predictions. This study highlights the benefit of heat treatment to pasteurize dates surface while minimizing the color date degradation. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CO2 on the growth of both molds is very efficient, and CO2-enriched atmosphere seems relevant for the preservation of unripe dates.

The thesis presents the cross border mergers at the national level in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia and contains also the European view. The Diploma thesis focuses on legal, accounting and tax aspects. The contibution of all these aspects to processing of cross border merger is also measured in main chapters. The component part of the Diploma thesis is also the practical example of cross border merger.

This diploma thesis focuses on the process management of order in the company Vario Therm. This thesis summarizes the basic theoretical background, on which the analysis of the current state of process with the order is carried out. This analysis is followed by a proposal for a new process management system.

Right information in the right time is one of the most important factors influencing business success. The needs of continually requirements on the information, on their structure, form and subject is compelled a rise of the instrument for their security – reporting, which has gained importance in all business activities especially in the sphere of economy and finance. The reporting is possible to consider as an important part of the information system with the help of this system are these reports published. The final users can use the information in the case of the satisfaction of their subjective needs. Business reports have to show trustworthy and righteous view of reported facts, which is the basic target of finance reporting.