Metaphor is of central importance to stylistics. The purpose of the present MA thesis is to analyze metaphor in the text of belles-lettres as a means of deviation and foregrounding. Metaphor theories and its background information are a few factors which have been taken into consideration while analysing and interpreting a metaphor. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the abundance of metaphor definitions and their adequate examples. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical, based on the analysis of theoretical statements and description of illustrations in belles-lettres style. The research covers a detailed description of metaphors according to the type of semantic connection between words. The work also reveals that metaphoric expressions are mostly found as the cases of dehumanizing metaphors, which ascribe animal or inanimate property to human beings. The obvious dominance of these metaphors relates to the fact that the kernel point of the novel Carry on Jeeves spins around the relationships between an Englishman Bertie Wooster and his butler Jeeves. The linguistic analysis clears out that the majority of dehumanizing metaphors are employed in the novel in order to reflect the negative or taint qualities of a person. Most cases of the metaphorical transfer of this kind include human-animal, human-bird, human-plant, human-objects metaphor pairs. Though humanizing, concretive and synethetic metaphors are less in number they still tend to be original and... [to full text]

Paauglystės amžius yra laikomas rizikos amžiumi, nes tada pradeda aktyviai formuotis asmenybė, vyksta socializacija, atitinkamų vaidmenų priėmimas. Laiku neatkreipiant dėmesio į smulkesnius vaikų nusižengimus gali susiformuoti delinkventinis elgesys. Paaugliai padaro apie penktadalį visų nusikalstamų veikų, todėl nepilnamečių delinkventinio elgesio ir nusikalstamumo prevencija ir kontrolė yra esminė bei prioritetinė visos nusikaltimų prevencijos ir kontrolės sistemos dalis. Šio darbo objektas – vaikų delinkventinis elgesys. Darbo tikslas - išsiaiškinti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose taikomus prevencijos metodus, jų efektyvumą bei naudą. Darbo tikslui pasiekti išsikelti sekantys uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti mokyklose egzistuojančias prevencijos praktikas; 2. Išsiaiškinti socialinių pedagogų požiūrį į valstybės politiką prevencijos atžvilgiu; 3. Palyginti egzistuojančias prevencijos praktikas tarp skirtingo profilio mokyklų Pagrindinės darbo išvados yra šios: • Visos tirtos mokyklos, nepriklausomai nuo jų profilio, vykdo prevencinę veiklą bei dalyvauja įvairiose prevencinėse programose ir projektuose tiek mokyklos, tiek šalies mastu. • Dalis tyrime dalyvavusių socialinių pedagogių išsakė didelį nepasitenkinimą valstybės politika prevencijos klausimais. Kita dalis, priešingai, džiaugiasi, jog yra visos reikalingos priemonės ir galimybės vykdyti prevenciją. • Mokyklos, kuriose mokosi problematiški vaikai, prevencijai skiria daugiau dėmesio bei tokiu būdu bando spręsti jau esančias... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Adolescence is risky and critical period. This is the time when personality is being developed, when socialization is taking place and some social roles are being accepted. It is important to notice small crimes committed by children on time to prevent the formation of delinquent behavior. One fifth of all crimes are being committed by juvenile. This is the reason why the prevention and control of delinquent behavior and criminality is fundamental part of all crime prevention and control system. The objective of this thesis is juvenile delinquent behavior. The aim of this thesis is to explore methods of prevention that are being used in general education schools, their efficiency and benefits. The tasks of this thesis are: 1. Finding out what kind of prevention practices exist in schools; 2. Describing viewpoint of social educators on prevention related state‘s policy; 3. Comparing prevention practices in different profile schools. The main conclusions are: • All schools participated in research, despite of their profile, practice prevention by taking part in different programs and projects on the school and state level. • Some of social educators participated in research are being really dissatisfied with the prevention related state‘s policy. Others are being happy with the means and possibilities for prevention provided by state policy. • Schools with complicated children pay more attention to prevention and they use it for solving some existing problems. Other... [to full text]

Given p independent, symmetric random walks on d-dimensional integer lattice that are the domain of attraction for a stable distribution, we calculate the moderate deviation of the intersection of ranges of the random walks in the case where the walks intersect infinitely often as time goes to infinity. That is to say, we establish a weak law convergence of intersection of ranges to intersection local time of stable processes and use this convergence as a link to establish deviation results.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-98).

Software process improvement is often mentioned in today?s software marketplace. To be able to do process improvement, the organisation must have a process to improve from. These processes are commonly deviated from, and the PDU/PAY organisation at Ericsson AB has experienced that this happens too often within their organisation. The aim of this master thesis was to investigate why such deviations occur and how they could be prevented at PDU/PAY. A survey including a qualitative and a quantitative part was conducted at PDU/PAY to investigate this issue. The result was that processes were often deviated from due to lack of: management commitment, user involvement, synchronisation between processes, change management, anchoring of processes, and communication of processes. In addition to the conducted studies, an improvement proposal is given to the PDU/PAY organisation. This includes one organisational part and one part that is directly related to the actual work with processes. The proposal is intended to give PDU/PAY an essence of how to improve their work with their organisational processes.

Fluctuations are of great importance in systems of small length and energy scales. Measuring the pulling of single molecules or the stationary fiow of mesospheres dragged through a viscous media enables the direct analysis of work and entropy distributions. These probability distributions are the result of a large number of repetitions of the same experiment. Due to the small scale of these experiments, the outcome can vary significantly from one realization to the next. Strong theoretical predictions exist, collectively called Fluctuation Theorems, that restrict the shape of these distributions due to an underlying time reversal symmetry of the microscopic dynamics. Fluctuation Theorems are the strongest existing statements on the entropy production of systems that are out of equilibrium. Being the most important ingredient for the Fluctuation Theorems, the probability distribution of the entropy change is itself of great interest. Using numerically exact methods we characterize entropy distributions for various stochastic reaction-diffusion systems that present different properties in their underlying dynamics. We investigate these systems in their steady states and in cases where time dependent forces act on them. This study allows us to clarify the connection between the microscopic rules and the resulting entropy production. The present work also adds to the discussion of the steady state properties of stationary probabilities and discusses a non-equilibrium current amplitude that allows us to quantify the distance from equilibrium. The presented results are part of a greater endeavor to find common rules that will eventually lead to a general understanding of non-equilibrium systems. / Ph. D.

The visual display terminal (VDT) is an integral part of the modern office. An issue of concern associated with the use of the VDT is maintaining privacy of on-screen materials. Privacy filters are products designed to restrict the viewing angle to documents displayed on a VDT, so that the on-screen material is not visible to persons other than the VDT operator. Privacy filters restrict the viewing angle either by diffraction or diffusion of the light emitted from the VDT. Constrained posture is a human factors engineering problem that has been associated with VDT use. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether the use of privacy filters affected: 1) the restriction of postures associated with VDT use, 2) operator performance, and 3) subjective ratings of display issues, posture, and performance. Nine participants performed three types of tasks: word processing, data entry, and Web browsing. Each task was performed under three filter conditions: no filter, diffraction filter, and diffusion filter. Participants were videotaped during the tasks using a camera mounted above the VDT workstation. The videotape was analyzed and horizontal head deviation was measured at 50 randomly selected points during each task. Horizontal head deviation was measured as the angle between an absolute reference line, which bisects the center of the VDT screen, and a reference point located at the center of the participant's head. Standard deviation of head deviation were evaluated across filter type and task type. Accuracy- and/or time-based measures were used to evaluate performance within each task. Participants used a seven-point scale to rate the following: readability, image quality, brightness, glare, posture restriction, performance, and discomfort. The results indicated that the interaction between task and filter type affected the standard deviation of horizontal head deviation (a measure of the average range of horizontal deviation). The standard deviation of horizontal deviation was significantly larger within the Web browsing task under the no filter and diffusion filter conditions as compared to the diffraction filter condition. Filter type affected subjective ratings of the following: readability, image quality, brightness, posture restriction, and discomfort. The diffraction filter resulted in lower readability, image quality, and brightness ratings than the diffusion and no filter conditions. Participants reported that the ability to change postures was significantly decreased by the use of the diffraction filter as compared to the no filter and diffraction filter conditions. The diffraction filter resulted in an increase in reported discomfort as compared to the no filter condition. The interaction between filter and task type affected subjective ratings of performance. Participants reported a decrease in the rating of perceived performance under the diffraction filter / Web browsing condition as compared to the no filter / word processing, diffusion filter / Web browsing, and diffusion filter / data entry conditions. A decrease in the rating of perceived performance was reported in the diffraction filter / data entry condition as compared to the no filter / word processing and diffusion filter / Web browsing conditions. Neither diffraction nor diffusion filter affected performance within any of the tasks, based on the objective performance measures used in the experiment. / Master of Science

Process deviations can be viewed as an opportunity for improvementand further development, or as something negative that delaysproduction. A case study has been conducted at AstraZeneca´s active pharmaceutical ingredient plant (API) specific to the EFA factory.The deviation process has been investigated and evaluated to see how process management can be improved to ensure that benefits and opportunities originating from deviations are taken in account. AstraZeneca is today being led to improve the overall deviationrate, which is controlled through KPI indicators. In addition to the deviation rate EFA also measures the lead time for deviation investigations for minor deviations.The study revolves around four questions, “How is the deviation control process designed?”, “What obstacles are affecting the investigation of deviations?”, “What is the current situation regarding process deviations?”, “How can the number of process deviations be reduced?”A process map was made to visualize the activities in the deviation process based on in house documentation and interviews. Interviews were also held with key employees to find out what cause delays in the investigation of minor deviations. Processdata was analyzed to see the variation in lead time over time, and to visualize the trend of occurred deviations. In addition, the deviation rate was analyzed per product, and cause of deviations was visualized.The results were put in perspective through theories originating from the sphere of process management, quality management anddeviation reduction theory. Evaluation of the deviation process made it clear that the output from the process differs depending on the classification of the deviation. The lower grade classification does not require acorrective action plan, which could lead to a higher occurrencerate. This is indicated in the trend and cause of deviation results.The analysis concludes that there are several aspects that affectthe investigation lead time. For example: delayed team review and more. The analysis continues to discuss how the number of deviations can be reduced by preventive error reduction. The study concludes that EFA should differentiate their processesmeasurements results with regards to the other factories at API, to get closer to the problem. This would ensure a clearer and more precise representation of their current situation. It is recommended that visual tools are implemented so that informationregarding the state of deviations is made more accessible, thus making decision making easier. It is also recommended that thedeviation process is evaluated continuously, and more often, to ensure future improvements.

At the very beginning of the diploma thesis, we introduce the reader to the issues of BI and controlling of manufacturing companies. Subsequently, we perform an analysis and evaluation of the current state of the selected manufacturing company in terms of variations in production. Then we use MSSQL server and SSAS to create a controlling model. The company will be able to unambiguously and quickly identify weaknesses in production and quickly eliminate them. Finally, we evaluate the real benefits of this project for the company.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / PSK demodulators have been an integral part of the signal recovery process for decades. Unless a person has designed a demodulator, how much can a person know or understand about its operation? Instruction on how to set up a demodulator’s parameters to acquire a signal is found in a manual. An explanation of why parameters are set a certain way to handle particular input signal characteristics is often not provided in a manual. This paper is designed to be a tool to aid engineers, technicians, and operators who utilize demodulators. Its purpose is to relay the functionality of a demodulator to a user so that he or she can take advantage of its control parameters and status feedback. Knowing the reasons why a demodulator is set to certain parameters may greatly reduce confusion when a system is not working properly. On site troubleshooting may be accomplished without the need to call the manufacturer of the product. Another advantage of understanding the operation will be recognized when interfacing with the manufacturer. A person will be able to relay the information to a design engineer more easily, and will understand more of the engineer’s feedback on the potential problem. Utilizing this paper as an aid to enhance operation of a PSK demodulator will bring a user one step closer to understanding the complexity of its design.