La filature par voie électrostatique consiste à dissoudre un polymère dans un solvant, puis soumettre cette solution à un champ électrostatique intense. Différents paramètres influencent l'obtention, la production et la régularité des nanofilaments obtenus. Parmi ces paramètres, il y a des paramètres physiques inhérents à la cabine de filage, des paramètres électriques et des paramètres liés à la solution. Pour obtenir des nanofilaments, la première étape est de déterminer le ou les meilleurs couples polymère-solvant ainsi que les conditions expérimentales optimales pour obtenir à la fois des produits homogènes et reproductibles. L'obtention de nanofilaments de caractéristiques mécaniques et de structures données est complexe et dépend à la fois de paramètres de filage, mais aussi des propriétés de la solution. Une des propriétés les plus importantes de la solution est sa viscosité. Il a donc été nécessaire d'étudier, pour différents couples solvant-polymère (PA, PAN, PLA, PHEA) leur comportement rhéologique. Ces études rhéologiques ont permises d'expliquer les morphologies des matériaux obtenus par la conformation macromoléculaire de la solution. Les non-tissés de nanofibres obtenus ont été caractérisés par Microscopie à Forces Atomiques (AFM), Microscopie Electronique à Transmission (MET) et à Balayage (MEE) pour les aspects morphologiques. D'autres caractérisations, thermique (DSC), spectroscopique (FTIR) et mécaniques (traction et indentation) ont complété la caractérisation de ces matériaux. A l'issue de l'étude précédente, les nanofibres ont été employées dans deux applications. (1) L'incorporation et la compatibilisation de nanorenforts à l'intérieur d'une matrice polymère (Polyacrylonitrile). L'influence sur les propriétés géométriques des nanofibres de façon globale, et plus finement, la morphologie de surface, ont été observées par une analyse AFM de nano-rugosité. (2) La réalisation à partir d'un biopolymère d'un guide tubulaire permettant la croissance cellulaire et la reconnexion de nerfs sectionnés. Il a fallu pour cela remplir un cahier des charges rigoureux en termes de dimensionnement, de structure, et de propriétés mécaniques.

<p>The study introduces and puts forward Sector Policing as a model to expand community Policing and to broaden the scope of crime prevention. It also demonstrates how Sector Policing can be utilised to decentralise policing and deepen community participation.</p>

<p>The study introduces and puts forward Sector Policing as a model to expand community Policing and to broaden the scope of crime prevention. It also demonstrates how Sector Policing can be utilised to decentralise policing and deepen community participation.</p>

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The study introduces and puts forward Sector Policing as a model to expand community Policing and to broaden the scope of crime prevention. It also demonstrates how Sector Policing can be utilised to decentralise policing and deepen community participation. / South Africa

My diploma work deals with the relationship between the oral health condition of patients and their socio-economic status. The theoretical section of my work is focussed on stomatology and its division, oral cavity disorders and their treatment, prevention and prophylaxis, the distribution of teeth defects and their treatment. The practical section is based on a hypothesis. The objective of my paper consists in the evaluation of the impact of the socio-economic status of a person on his or her KPE index value. The hypothesis has been evaluated on the basis of a secondary analysis of data acquired from the case histories of patients attending a dental practice as well as on a questionnaire survey. The oral health evaluation has been supported by KPE index and the supplementary CPITN and API indexes. Goldthorp´s class diagram has been used for the purposes of the respondents´ socio-economic status evaluation. The status creating factors applied in my research have been the standard and level of education and professional training of a respondent, family income, his or her share in the power and decision sphere etc. It has been found that there is a correlation between a higher level of achieved education and professional training, a higher social status, a higher income on the one side and more favourable KPE index values as well as a better overall dental health on the other side. Primarily, the research presents the basis of my diploma work. It may also be published in a journal for stomatologists, nurses and dental hygienists. It is also aimed at internal use in the dental practice.

Orientador: Eduardo Hebling / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T17:56:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_OsvaldoLuizde_M.pdf: 204291 bytes, checksum: ad32d7ebf0fb0eb3ca0b50d1e2810534 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A avaliação das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes adultos e idosos é essencial para o desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde específicas para estes grupos. A literatura indica uma alta prevalência de doenças bucais em adultos e idosos. A autopercepção dessas condições tende a influenciar a procura por cuidados bucais e a qualidade de vida das populações adulta e idosa. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a saúde bucal, acesso a serviço odontológico, nível sócio-econômico e a autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes adultos e idosos no município de Piracicaba - SP. Este estudo foi domiciliar, e a composição da amostra foi de 77 indivíduos, sendo 23 idosos (65-74 anos) e 54 adultos (35-44 anos). O exame epidemiológico foi realizado segundo critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde; foi aplicado também um questionário abrangendo perguntas sobre caracterização sócio-econômica, acesso a serviços odontológicos, e autopercepção da saúde bucal. Encontrou-se 52.2% de idosos edêntulos e somente 2.0% dos adultos com esta condição. A média de dentes presentes foi de 6.9 e 20.7, para idosos e adultos, respectivamente. Os idosos apresentaram CPOD de 27.0 e os adultos 19.9. O maior componente do índice CPOD foi dentes perdidos no grupo de idosos (92.3%) e adultos (52%). Quanto a próteses totais, necessidade de somente 5.6% dos adultos necessitavam das superiores e nenhum as inferiores, dos idosos, 17.4% tinham necessidade de próteses superiores e 21,7% de inferiores. Os demais resultados não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos (características sócio-econômicas, acesso a serviço odontológico e autopercepção), apenas com relação à escolaridade, os adultos tiveram melhores condições. A autopercepção foi semelhante entre os grupos, com dados positivos, apesar das condições clínicas serem diferentes. Diante destes resultados, há necessidade de programas preventivos e educativos tanto para idosos como para adultos, para que estes adultos cheguem à terceira idade com uma condição de saúde bucal melhor que a relatada atualmente / Abstract: The valuation of oral health conditions in elderly patients is essential to the development of health especific politics .The literature shows us a high occurrence of oral disease in adults and elderly. The self-perception of these conditions tends to influence the search for oral care and life quality of adults and elderly population. The aims of this study was to verify oral health, access to dental treatment, social and economic level and self- perception of oral health conditions in adults and elderly patients in Piracicaba city, SP, Brazil. This study was at home service, and the sample was 77 individuals, 23 elderly (65-74 years old) and 54 adults (35-44 years old). The epidemiological examination was made according WHO (World Health Organization): a questionnaire was also applied holding questions about social and economic characteristics access to dental treatment and self- perception of the oral health. The DMFT was founded 52.2% of edentulous elderly and 2.0% of adults in this condition, only. The average of present teeth was 6.9% and 20.7% for elderly and adults, respectively. The elderly presented DMFT 27.0 and adults 19.0 .The greatest component of index DMFT was lost teeth in the elderly group (92.3%) and adults (52%). In relation to requirement using total prosthesis, only 5.6% of adults needed upper total prosthesis and none needed lower; the elderly, 17.4 % needed upper total prosthesis and 21.7 % needed lower. The remaining results didn¿t present difference between the groups (social and economics features, access to dental treatment and self-perception). In relation to school level, adults had better conditions. The self-perception was similar between the groups, with positive data, in spite of clinical conditions were different. In front of these results, there is a necessity of preventing and educational programs to elderly and adults, with purpose these adults arrive to the old age with a better oral health condition than oral health at present / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre Profissional em Odontologia

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_StelaMarcia_M.pdf: 831428 bytes, checksum: 5523aee23514835a713e10a73f431dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente estudo, composto por 3 artigos teve como objetivos: a) analisar as desigualdades na distribuição da cárie e os indicadores de risco associados a este fato; b) descrever a experiência de cárie em escolares de 12 anos e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e de acesso aos serviços; c) verificar a representatividade de cada dente permanente no índice CPOD. A amostra probabilística foi composta por 824 escolares provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas de Piracicaba em 2001 e 939 escolares em 2005. Os exames foram realizados por dois examinadores previamente calibrados, no pátio das escolas, sob luz natural, com os escolares sentados nas cadeiras e com escovação supervisionada realizada por THD, utilizando-se sonda periodontal (CPI) e espelho bucal plano, seguindo as recomendações da OMS. Os índices CPOD, Índice de Cuidados (Care Index) e o índice SiC (Significant Caries Index ¿grupo polarizado) foram utilizados. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi enviado aos pais para a obtenção das informações socioeconômicas e comportamentais. a) O CPOD foi de 1,7 (dp = 2,07), o índice SiC foi de 4,15 (dp=1,65) e o índice de cuidados 57,0%, em 2001. b) Para o levantamento de 2005 o CPOD e o Índice SiC foram 1,32 (dp=1,96) e 3,52 (1,86), respectivamente, e o Índice de Cuidados foi de 75,0%. Variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais foram indicadores de risco para a cárie não apenas para toda a amostra como também para o grupo polarizado. c) A distribuição do índice CPOD (freqüências relativa e absoluta) foi calculada em função de cada dente permanente. A média e o desvio padrão foram calculados considerando todos os dentes (CPOD¿real) e os dentes mais afetados (CPOD¿parcial). Por meio de análise de regressão, os dados do levantamento de 2005 foram utilizados para estimar modelos de regressão, em função dos dentes mais afetados. Para a validação dos modelos foi utilizado o levantamento realizado em 2001. Por meio apenas do status dos primeiros molares foi possível estimar em 82% e 81,5% o CPOD-real em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. Por meio das equações de regressão (utilizando os dentes mais afetados) foi possível estimar o CPOD em 98,2%. As superfícies oclusais foram as mais atacadas (60,4%), seguidas pelas superfícies vestibulares e depois pelas distais. Estes dados refletem que o status dos primeiros molares é determinante para a estimativa do índice CPOD, demonstrando a suscetibilidade destes dentes à cárie na idade de 12 anos / Abstract: The present study was composed by 3 articles which aims were: a) to evaluate the inequalities of caries distribution in schoolchildren and the risk indicators related to them; b) to describe the caries experience of 12-year-old schoolchildren from public and private schools and to verify the relationship between the disease and socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health variables; c) to determine the representativeness of each permanent teeth in the DMFT. The sample was randomized and composed by 1763 individuals from public and private schools in Piracicaba - SP/Brazil, in 2005 (n=939) and in 2001 (n=824). The examinations were carried out by two calibrated dentists in outdoor settings, under natural light, using mirror and ball point probe. The examinations were executed after tooth-brushing and followed the recommendations of WHO. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect information on socioeconomic level and behavior variables related to dental health. a) In 2001, the DMFT and SiC (Significant Caries Index ¿ polarized group) were 1.7 (SD=2.07) and 4.15 (SD=1.65), and the Care Index was 57.0%. b) The DMFT and the SiC Index were 1.32 (SD=1.92) and 3.50 (SD=1.86), respectively, and the Care Index was 75.0% in 2005. The socioeconomic and the behavioral variables related to dental health were considered risk indicators for caries in permanent dentition not only for the entire sample, but also for the polarization group. c) The DMFT distribution (absolute and relative frequencies) was calculated in function of each permanent tooth. The mean and standard deviation were determined for all teeth (DMFT¿real) as well as for the most affected teeth (DMFT¿partial). Regression models were estimated in function of the most affected teeth using the data collected in 2005 and they were validated using the data collected in 2001. By the status of the first molars, the DMFT ¿ partial could be estimated in 82% and 81.5% in 2001 and 2005, respectively. The regression equations estimated 98.2% of the DMFT-real. The occlusal surfaces were the most attacked (60.4%) followed by the buccal and distal surfaces. In conclusion, the status of first molars was determinant to the estimation of DMFT index, demonstrating their susceptibility to caries in 12 year-old individuals / Mestrado / Cariologia / Mestre em Odontologia

No description available.

La filature par voie électrostatique consiste à dissoudre un polymère dans un solvant, puis soumettre cette solution à un champ électrostatique intense. Différents paramètres influencent l'obtention, la production et la régularité des nanofilaments obtenus. Parmi ces paramètres, il y a des paramètres physiques inhérents à la cabine de filage, des paramètres électriques et des paramètres liés à la solution. Pour obtenir des nanofilaments, la première étape est de déterminer le ou les meilleurs couples polymère-solvant ainsi que les conditions expérimentales optimales pour obtenir à la fois des produits homogènes et reproductibles. L'obtention de nanofilaments de caractéristiques mécaniques et de structures données est complexe et dépend à la fois de paramètres de filage, mais aussi des propriétés de la solution. Une des propriétés les plus importantes de la solution est sa viscosité. Il a donc été nécessaire d'étudier, pour différents couples solvant-polymère (PA, PAN, PLA, PHEA) leur comportement rhéologique. Ces études rhéologiques ont permises d'expliquer les morphologies des matériaux obtenus par la conformation macromoléculaire de la solution. Les non-tissés de nanofibres obtenus ont été caractérisés par Microscopie à Forces Atomiques (AFM), Microscopie Electronique à Transmission (MET) et à Balayage (MEE) pour les aspects morphologiques. D'autres caractérisations, thermique (DSC), spectroscopique (FTIR) et mécaniques (traction et indentation) ont complété la caractérisation de ces matériaux. A l'issue de l'étude précédente, les nanofibres ont été employées dans deux applications. (1) L'incorporation et la compatibilisation de nanorenforts à l'intérieur d'une matrice polymère (Polyacrylonitrile). L'influence sur les propriétés géométriques des nanofibres de façon globale, et plus finement, la morphologie de surface, ont été observées par une analyse AFM de nano-rugosité. (2) La réalisation à partir d'un biopolymère d'un guide tubulaire permettant la croissance cellulaire et la reconnexion de nerfs sectionnés. Il a fallu pour cela remplir un cahier des charges rigoureux en termes de dimensionnement, de structure, et de propriétés mécaniques. / Electrospinning is a process to produce the fibers in nano scale by injecting the polymer solution through a metallic needle to a high voltage electrical field. Different parameters affect the process production and regularity of obtained nano-web. Among these parameters, there are physical parameters depending on the electrospinning booth, electrical parameters and polymer solution properties. For nanofibers production, the first step is to determine the most efficient polymer-solvent pairs and the optimal experimental conditions for both homogeneous and reproducible products. Obtaining mechanical and morphological properties of nanofibers nonwowen is complex and depends on the electrospinning parameters, but also the solution properties. One of the most important properties of the solution is its viscosity. It was therefore necessary to study for the selected pairs (PA, PAN, PLA, PHEA) their rheological behaviour. These rheological studios allow to explain the morphology of obtained nanofibers, which could be explained by the conformation of the macromolecules in the solution. Nonwoven nanofibers obtained were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological aspects. Other characterizations, thermal (DSC), spectroscopie (FTIR) and mechanical (tensile and indentation) completed the characterization of these materials. After these previous studios, the nanofibers have been used in two applications. (1) The incorporation of nanofillers and compatibilization within a polymer matrix (Polyacrylonitrile). The influence on the geometric properties of nanofibers, and surface morphology were observed by AFM nano-roughness analysis. (2) The production by electrospinning of a guide tube for cell growth and reconnection of severed nerves: from a biopolymer. The produced material had to meet strict specifications in terms of size, structure, and mechauical properties.

Na última década ocorreram transformações positivas na saúde indígena brasileira. A saúde bucal é um dos temas relevantes da saúde indígena e carece de informações na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o perfil de saúde bucal e sociodemográfico da população indígena Guarani do Rio Grande do Sul. Este é um estudo de prevalência com levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal e variáveis demográficas. Um total de 203 sujeitos em diferentes idades e faixas etárias e em 19 aldeias foram examinados. As crianças Guarani de cinco anos de idade apresentaram um índice de cárie (ceo-d) 2,8 com 37,7% destas crianças livres de cárie. Os adolescentes de 12 anos e de 15 a 19 apresentaram um CPO-D, respectivamente, de 1,31 e 3,39, sendo o maior percentual do índice aos 12 anos o componente cariado (C) com 54,3%; entre adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos é o obturado (O) com 49,4%. Entre os adultos na faixa etária de 35 a 44 anos o CPO-D médio foi de 11,55, sendo que o componente perdido (P) foi responsável por 69,3% do índice. Entre os idosos, faixa etária de 65 a 74 anos, o CPO-D médio foi de 18,58. Os dados desta investigação demonstram que a média do CPO-D nas diferentes idades e faixas etárias é mais baixa na população indígena Guarani indicando uma menor experiência de cárie dental do que a população em geral. Acesso ao creme dental fluoretado e uma política de saúde indígena diferenciada podem estar relacionados com estes resultados. No entanto é necessário mais pesquisa acercada influência de hábitos culturais sobre o processo saúde doença bucal destas populações. / Over the past decade, positive changes have occurred to Brazilian indigenous health. Oral health is one of the relevant issues of indigenous health, but there is a lack of information about it in literature. The aim of this paper is to describe the oral health and sociodemographic profile of the Guarani indigenous population in Rio Grande do Sul. This is a prevalence study using an epidemiological survey on oral health and demographic variables. A total of 203 subjects in 19 villages at different ages and in different age groups were examined. Five-year-old Guarani children showed a dental caries index (DEF) of 2.8, with 37.7% of these children being free of caries. Teenagers aged 12 and from 15 to 19 years showed a DMF index of 1.31 and 3.39, respectively, the highest rate at age 12 was for the decayed component (D), 54.3%; and among teenagers from 15 to 19 years, the filled component (F) had the highest rate, 49.4%. Among adults in the age group of 35 to 44 years, the mean DMF index was 11.55, and the missing component (M) accounted for 69.3%. Among the elderly, in the age group of 65 to 74 years, the mean DMF index was 18.58. The data from this investigation demonstrated that the mean DMF index at different ages and in different age groups was lower in the Guarani indigenous population, indicating a lower presence of dental caries than in the general population. Access to fluoridated dental cream and a specific indigenous health policy may be associated with these results. However, further studies on the influence of cultural habits on the process of oral health and disease among these populations are necessary.