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Perfil epidemiológico de saúde bucal da população do parque indígena do Xingu, entre os anos de 2001 e 2006 / Conditions of Oral Health of the Park of Xingu\'s Population, among 2001 and 2006.Raquel de Carvalho Pacagnella 28 September 2007 (has links)
A epidemiologia da saúde bucal dos povos indígenas no Brasil ainda é pouco conhecida. Os dados disponíveis, em geral, são pertinentes às zonas urbanas. As informações sobre a epidemiologia dessas doenças no Parque Indígena do Xingu (PIX) resultam de investigações nas quais foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias de coletas e análises de dados, dificultado assim um adequado panorama epidemiológico. A partir da implantação do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Xingu (DSEI-Xingu), em 1999, foram realizados três inquéritos epidemiológicos para doenças bucais, baseados na metodologia proposta pela OMS. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a epidemiologia das referidas doenças no PIX, especificamente de quatro aldeias de diferentes etnias, considerando as necessidades assistenciais odontológicas. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, utilizando dados secundários colhidos pela equipe do DSEI-Xingu, provenientes de inquéritos realizados em três momentos distintos: 2001, 2003 e 2006. Foram utilizados:o índice CPO-D, para avaliação da experiência de cárie e para aferir a doença periodontal, o índice periodontal comunitário (IPC). A análise dos resultados mostrou que nas aldeias estudadas, o principal problema de saúde bucal é a cárie, atingindo no ano de 2006, 81% da população. Em relação à cárie, nota-se uma queda nas médias do CPO-D para a maioria das faixas etárias no ano de 2006 em relação a 2001 e houve melhora também nos percentuais de pessoas livres de cárie para as idades entre 0 e 19 anos. As médias de ceo-d para o grupo etário de 0 a 3 anos apresentam elevação no período, exceto na aldeia Moigu, que mostrou diminuição de 8,0 em 2001 para 1,8, em 2006. Ao se analisar os componentes do CPO-D e ceo-d, quando comparados os dados obtidos em 2006 e 2001, foi possível verificar que o componente \"cariado\" apresentou redução para a maioria das faixas etárias em todas as aldeias, assim como o aumento dos componentes \"obturados e perdidos\". Observou-se que para a dentição decídua o componente cariado possui grande contribuição no ceo-d em todas as aldeias, variando entre 69% a 86% do índice. Isso traduz dificuldades no acesso dessa população aos serviços odontológicos. O índice IPC mostrou aumento do percentual de pessoas sem doença periodontal em todas as aldeias, queda no percentual de pessoas com algum tipo de bolsa periodontal e cálculo como o principal problema. Em relação às necessidades de tratamento verificou-se que restaurações foram as indicações mais freqüentes e houve um aumento no número de dentes sem nenhuma necessidade. Para a doença periodontal, observou-se que mais de 80% das pessoas acima de 15 anos precisam de tratamento e necessidade de profilaxia; as necessidades por cuidados mais complexos representam apenas 3% . Concluímos que no período de 2001 a 2006,houve uma melhoria nas condições de saúde bucal dessas populações. Uma hipótese explicativa seria a estruturação do programa de saúde bucal nestas áreas. / There is a lack of information about the epidemiology of oral health conditions of the Indian population in Brazil. In general, available data are related to urban regions. Information about the epidemiology of oral health in the Xingu Indian Park (PIX) derive from surveys that employed different methodologies for collecting and analyzing the data, making it difficult to have an adequate picture of the problem. Since the creati of the indian Special Sanitary District of Xingu (DSEIXingu) in 1999, three epidemiologic surveys for oral health were carried out, based on the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization - WHO. The present study analyzed the oral health conditions in four villages of the PIX, considering treatment needs. A descriptive study was performed, using data already collected by surveys carried out by the health team of the DSEI-Xingu, employing the same methodology, in the years 2001, 2003 ead 2006. The DMF-T index was used to avaluate the caries experience, and for periodontal disease, the community periodontal index (CPI). The analisys of the results showed that the main oral health problem in the studied villages was tooth decay, reaching 81% of the population in 2006. In relation to caries, it was observed a decline in the mean of the DMF-T for majority of the age-groups in 2006 in relation to 2001 and an improvement in the proportion of people free of caries for the ages between 0-19 years. The mean of the dmf-t for the 0 to 3 year age-group was higher in 2006, except in the Moigu village, where a decline was observed (from 8.0 in 2001 to 1.8 in 2006). Comparing the DMF-T and dmf-t between 2006 and 2001, it was observed that the component \" decayed\" decreased in most of the age-groups in the four villages, as well as an increase in the component \"filled and missing\". For the deciduous teeth, the component \"decayed\" had greater contribution in the dmft in all the villages. The CPI index showed an increase in the proportionof persons without periodontal disease and a decrease in the proportion of persons with some kind of periodontal pockets in all the villages. Calculus was the main problem. In relation to treatments needs, indication of restoration was the most frequent and there was a increase in the number of teeth without any need. For periodontal disease, more than 80% of the persons aged 15 years or more need treatment and professional tooth cleaning; more complex treatment was required only by 3% of the individuals. We concluded that there was an improvement in the oral health conditions of this population, in the period 2001 to 2006. an explanatory hypothesis for this findings could be the implementation of the strutured oral health program in this region.
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Municipalização dos serviços de saúde e a prevalência de cárie dentária no município de Itapira/SP, no período de 1991 a 2006 / Municipality process of health services and dental caries prevalence in the city of Itapira-SP, during the period between 1991 and 2006Vladen Vieira 18 October 2007 (has links)
Introdução. A criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e o processo de descentralização que lhe é inerente levaram à municipalização das ações e serviços de saúde. Esse processo vem tendo impacto sobre as políticas públicas de saúde bucal e contribui decisivamente para a reorientação dos programas odontológicos no âmbito do SUS. Objetivo. Analisar o processo de municipalização da saúde bucal no município de Itapira, SP, no período de 1991 a 2006, e verificar seu impacto sobre os níveis de cárie dentária na população escolar de 7 a 12 anos de idade e o acesso ao tratamento odontológico. Método. Trata-se de estudo de caso complementado por levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária, realizado em 2006 (n=704), na área urbana. Dados secundários de dois levantamentos, realizados em 1991 (n=1.159) e 1999 (n=749), foram utilizados na análise. Nos estudos de cárie foi utilizado o índice CPOD (em 1991 conforme proposto por Klein & Palmer; em 1999 e 2006 conforme preconizado pela OMS). Entrevistas com informantes-chave foram realizadas com o objetivo de captar sua percepção da municipalização da saúde bucal e reconstruir essa história, uma vez que documentos oficiais não estavam disponíveis. A técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo foi empregada. Resultados. Os profissionais conseguiram perceber na prática os resultados da municipalização, o impacto positivo sobre os processos gerenciais e a organização do serviço público odontológico, com o desenvolvimento de atividades de prevenção, saindo de uma época em que a lógica do serviço era mutiladora, com alto número de exodontias de permanentes, para tornar-se rara nos dias atuais. Os valores do CPOD aos 12 anos de idade indicaram prevalência de cárie considerada muito alta em 1991 (CPOD=6,85±1,03), moderada em 1999 (CPOD=2,79±0,53) e baixa em 2006 (CPOD= 1,49±0,38). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre as médias. O declínio nos valores do CPOD foi de 78,25% entre 1991 e 2006. Nesse período ocorreu polarização na prevalência da cárie dentária, com a proporção de livres da doença (CPOD=0) alterando-se significativamente (p<0,05) de 3% em 1991 para 43,8% em 2006. Os primeiros molares foram os dentes que mais contribuíram para os valores do CPOD, e essa participação aumentou no período: 49,02% em 1991, 69,12% em 1999, e 84,21% em 2006. Conclusão. A expressiva redução na prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária poderá contribuir para mudanças na estrutura dos serviços de saúde bucal em Itapira. / Introduction: The creation of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde- SUS) and the process of decentralization that involves it leading to municipal administration of the health actions and services (municipalização).This process has been having an impact over oral health policies and contribute definitively to the reorientation of dental programs in the SUS. Objective: Analyze the process of transferring the administration to the municipal system in terms of oral public health policy in the city of Itapira,SP between the period of 1991 and 2006 and check it impacts on the dental caries levels in a school population of children between 7 and 12 years old and access to dental treatment. Method: This is a case study complemented with an epidemiological research of dental caries realized in 2006 (n=704) in the urban area. Secondary data from two epidemiological researches, accomplished in 1991(n=1159) and in 1999 (n=749) was in the analysis. The DMF index was used in the dental caries research (in 1991 according to the Klein &Palmer, in 1999 and 2006 according to the WHO proposition). Interviews with key informants were made aiming to collect their perception about the municipalization of the oral health public system and rebuild this history since the official documents are no longer available. The analysis used the collective subject discourse technique. Results: The professionals attained to perceive the results of the municipalization, the positive impact on the management processes and organization of the oral health public system results with development of preventive activities, leaving an age when the logic of the service was mutilating with a high number of exodontia of permanent teeth and getting into an age of rare exodontia in actual days. Values of DMF for 12 years of age indicated a very high level of prevalence of caries in 1991 ( DMF=6,85 + 1,03), moderate level in 1999 ( DMF= 2,79 + 0,53) and low prevalence in 2006 (DMF= 1,49 + 0,38). There was a significant statistical difference (p< 0, 05) between means. The decline of the DMF indexes was 78,25 % between 1991 and 2006. In this period a polarization in the dental caries prevalence occurred with the proportion of caries-free (DMF=0) changing significantly (p<0, 05) from 3 % in 1991 to 43,8 % in 2006. The first molars are the teeth which most contribute to the values of DMF and this participation increases during the period: 49,02 % in 1991, 69,2% in 1999 and 84,21 % in 2006. Conclusion: the significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of dental caries can contribute to the changes in the structure of the oral health public system in the city of Itapira.
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Aspectos epidemiológicos e estudo dos fatores associados às condições de saúde bucal em residentes no município de Verê-PR /Presta, Andréia Antoniuk. January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Orlando Saliba / Banca: Antônio Carlos Frias / Banca: Edgard Michel Crosato / Banca: Rogério Moreira Arcieri / Banca: Dóris Hissako Sumida / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiologicos e os fatores associados as condicoes de saude bucal em residentes no municipio de Vere, Parana, Brasil, 2005. Para tanto foram analisados dados referentes a carie dentaria, a doenca periodontal, a perda dentaria e ao uso e a necessidade de protese. Realizaram-se exames epidemiologicos em 733 pessoas de diferentes faixas etarias, nas escolas e domicilios, de acordo com os criterios preconizados pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude e pelo Projeto SB2000. Utilizaram-se os testes Mann-Whitney e Exato de Fisher (a=5%). Na faixa etaria de 18 a 36 meses e aos 5 anos de idade a prevalencia de carie foi de 22,86% e de 80,99%, o ceo-d medio foi 1,34 e 5,34 respectivamente. O ceo-d foi mais elevado em criancas de 18 a 36 meses nao brancas (p=0.0120) e nas de 5 anos nao brancas (p=0.0076) e ainda nas de classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0256), residentes na area rural (p=0.0056) e em local sem fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento publico. Foram fatores associados a carie dentaria a etnia na idade de 18 a 36 meses e a classificacao economica e localizacao geografica aos 5 anos. Nas idades de 12 e 15 a 19 anos, as prevalencias de carie foram 73,24% e 89,23% respectivamente. O CPO-D foi 2,70 e 5,16, sendo esse indice mais elevado aos 12 anos nas classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0024), em residentes na area rural (p=0.0132) e em local sem agua fluoretada (p=0.0487). Nessa idade a classe economica foi fator associado a carie dentaria. Nos adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos o CPO-D foi mais elevado em pertencentes as classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0041), residentes na area rural (p=0.0001) e em local sem fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento (p=0.0003), sendo a localizacao geografica o unico fator associado a carie dentaria. O SiC Index demonstrou o fenomeno da polarizacao ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Epidemiological aspects and study of factors related to oral conditions of residents in the city of Verê-Paraná. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological aspects and factors related to oral conditions of residents in the city of Verê-Paraná, Brazil, 2005. The analyzed data were referent to dental caries, periodontal disease, dental loss, the use and need for prosthesis. Epidemiological exams were carried out in 733 people from different age groups, at school and at home, according to criteria recognized by the World Health Organization and SB2000 project. The Mann- Whitney's and Fisher Exact's tests were used (a=5%). In the age groups of 18 to 36 months old and 5 years of age, the caries prevalence was 22.86% and 80.99%; the dmf-t mean was 1.34 and 5.34 respectively. The dmf-t was higher in children between 18 and 36 months, not white (p=0.0120) and in 5 year-old children not white (p=0.0076) and still, in the ones belonging to low socioeconomic class (p=0.0256), rural area residents (p=0.0056) and at places without public water fluoridation. Factors related to dental caries in 18 to 36 months-old children were ethnics and economic classification, and geographic location for the 5 year-old groups. In the ages of 12 and 15 to 19, the caries prevalence was 73.24 and 89.23 respectively. The DMF-T was 2.70 and 5.16. This index was higher in the low socioeconomic group of 12 year-olds (p=0.0024), in rural area residents (p=0.0132) and at places without public water fluoridation (p=0.0487). The socioeconomic classification was the factor related to dental caries in this city. In the adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age the DMF-T was higher in individuals belonging to low socioeconomic class (p=0.0041), rural area residents (p=0.0001) and at places without public water fluoridation (p= 0.0003), geographic location was the only factor related to dental caries ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
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Aspectos epidemiológicos e estudo dos fatores associados às condições de saúde bucal em residentes no município de Verê-PRPresta, Andréia Antoniuk [UNESP] 27 July 2006 (has links) (PDF)
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presta_aa_dr_araca.pdf: 844622 bytes, checksum: 20bd8daf3f16411f965c07ec163994c3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiologicos e os fatores associados as condicoes de saude bucal em residentes no municipio de Vere, Parana, Brasil, 2005. Para tanto foram analisados dados referentes a carie dentaria, a doenca periodontal, a perda dentaria e ao uso e a necessidade de protese. Realizaram-se exames epidemiologicos em 733 pessoas de diferentes faixas etarias, nas escolas e domicilios, de acordo com os criterios preconizados pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude e pelo Projeto SB2000. Utilizaram-se os testes Mann-Whitney e Exato de Fisher (a=5%). Na faixa etaria de 18 a 36 meses e aos 5 anos de idade a prevalencia de carie foi de 22,86% e de 80,99%, o ceo-d medio foi 1,34 e 5,34 respectivamente. O ceo-d foi mais elevado em criancas de 18 a 36 meses nao brancas (p=0.0120) e nas de 5 anos nao brancas (p=0.0076) e ainda nas de classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0256), residentes na area rural (p=0.0056) e em local sem fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento publico. Foram fatores associados a carie dentaria a etnia na idade de 18 a 36 meses e a classificacao economica e localizacao geografica aos 5 anos. Nas idades de 12 e 15 a 19 anos, as prevalencias de carie foram 73,24% e 89,23% respectivamente. O CPO-D foi 2,70 e 5,16, sendo esse indice mais elevado aos 12 anos nas classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0024), em residentes na area rural (p=0.0132) e em local sem agua fluoretada (p=0.0487). Nessa idade a classe economica foi fator associado a carie dentaria. Nos adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos o CPO-D foi mais elevado em pertencentes as classes economicas menos favorecidas (p=0.0041), residentes na area rural (p=0.0001) e em local sem fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento (p=0.0003), sendo a localizacao geografica o unico fator associado a carie dentaria. O SiC Index demonstrou o fenomeno da polarizacao... / Epidemiological aspects and study of factors related to oral conditions of residents in the city of Verê-Paraná. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological aspects and factors related to oral conditions of residents in the city of Verê-Paraná, Brazil, 2005. The analyzed data were referent to dental caries, periodontal disease, dental loss, the use and need for prosthesis. Epidemiological exams were carried out in 733 people from different age groups, at school and at home, according to criteria recognized by the World Health Organization and SB2000 project. The Mann- Whitney's and Fisher Exact's tests were used (a=5%). In the age groups of 18 to 36 months old and 5 years of age, the caries prevalence was 22.86% and 80.99%; the dmf-t mean was 1.34 and 5.34 respectively. The dmf-t was higher in children between 18 and 36 months, not white (p=0.0120) and in 5 year-old children not white (p=0.0076) and still, in the ones belonging to low socioeconomic class (p=0.0256), rural area residents (p=0.0056) and at places without public water fluoridation. Factors related to dental caries in 18 to 36 months-old children were ethnics and economic classification, and geographic location for the 5 year-old groups. In the ages of 12 and 15 to 19, the caries prevalence was 73.24 and 89.23 respectively. The DMF-T was 2.70 and 5.16. This index was higher in the low socioeconomic group of 12 year-olds (p=0.0024), in rural area residents (p=0.0132) and at places without public water fluoridation (p=0.0487). The socioeconomic classification was the factor related to dental caries in this city. In the adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age the DMF-T was higher in individuals belonging to low socioeconomic class (p=0.0041), rural area residents (p=0.0001) and at places without public water fluoridation (p= 0.0003), geographic location was the only factor related to dental caries ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Condição da saúde bucal de pessoas com deficiência visual : análise da percepção, do acesso e da satisfação em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal /Ortega, Mariana Martins. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Clea Adas Saliba Garbin / Banca: Ronald Jefferson Martins / Banca: Paula Caetano Araújo / Resumo: De acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no Brasil, existem mais de 6,5 milhões de pessoas com deficiência visual, sendo 582 mil cegas e 6 milhões com baixa visão, segundo dados da fundação, com base no Censo 2010. Apesar da prevalência alta de deficiência visual, há pouca informação disponível sobre os cuidados de saúde bucal e as necessidades desses indivíduos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção e a condição de saúde bucal das pessoas com deficiência visual, bem como o acesso e a satisfação delas em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal, realizado com pessoas com deficiência visual de um Instituto para cegos. Foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre o tema. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: gênero, tipo de deficiência visual, tempo dessa deficiência, condição socioeconômica, percepção (OHIP-14) e condição da saúde bucal (CPOD), acesso e satisfação em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal. A análise de dados foi descritiva, sob a forma de frequência relativa, absoluta e analítica. Foi realizada a comparação entre variáveis categóricas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, teste Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Entre os resultados desta pesquisa, pode-se notar que, do total de pesquisados (n=72), 65,3% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 34,6 ± 20,8 anos; metade possuía cegueira total. Quando per... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in Brazil, there are more than 6.5 million people with visual impairment, 582,000 blind and 6 million with low vision, according to the foundation's data, based on the Census 2010. Despite the high prevalence of visual impairment, there is little information available on oral health care and the needs of these individuals. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception and the oral health condition of people with visual impairment, as well as their access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study of visually impaired people at an Institute for the Blind. A semi-structured questionnaire was used with open and closed questions on the subject. The variables studied were: gender, type of visual impairment, time of this deficiency, socioeconomic condition, perception (OHIP-14) and oral health condition (DMFT), access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. The data analysis was descriptive, in the form of relative, absolute and analytical frequency. The categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Among the results of this research, it can be noted that, of the total number of respondents (n = 72), 65.3% were males, with a mean age of 34.6 ± 20.8 years; half had total blindness. When asked about the need to go to the dentist, 66.7% answered affirmativ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Desigualdades en el estado de salud y utilización de Servicios de Salud Odontológicos en Catalunya, EspañaPizarro Díaz, Vladimir 24 June 2006 (has links)
La existencia de desigualdades socio-económicas en el estado de salud dentalde los ancianos no institucionalizados de la ciudad de Barcelona, sumado a labaja utilización de servicios odontológicos, indican un problema de acceso aeste tipo de servicios. Este tipo de hallazgos son especialmente relevantespara países como España, que aunque cuentan con un Sistema Nacional deSalud para toda la población, poseen una limitada cobertura de tratamientosodontológicos para adultos, que sólo incluye las extracciones dentales.Si bien durante la década de los años 90 se ha registrado un aumento en elporcentaje de utilización de servicios de salud odontológicos en Cataluña, esteindicador aún es bajo si se compara con el resto de países de Europa. Por otrolado, a pesar de que se han producido reducciones de las desigualdades en lautilización de servicios de salud odontológicos según ciertas característicasestudiadas como el tipo cobertura sanitaria y el grupo de ancianos, lasdesigualdades en la utilización persisten para las clases sociales másdesaventajadas y para las personas con bajo nivel de educación. Por todo ello,son necesarios futuros estudios que ayuden a conocer la evolución futura deesta tendencia
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Evaluating the implementation of the Hyogo framework for action in the Kabokweni location : views from the frontline perspective / Prudence P. DlaminiDlamini, Phiwinhlanhla Prudence January 2010 (has links)
Although disaster risk reduction is still not considered a priority by many countries and organisations, there is significant progress made towards the reduction of disaster risk. The experience of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR, 1990–1999) prompted a major conceptual shift from disaster response to disaster reduction underscoring the crucial role of human action (UNISDR, 2001:03). This circumstance led to the adoption of an International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (ISDR) in 1999 by the participants of the IDNDR Programme Forum. The adoption gave emphasis to the importance of a global strategy that encourages and facilitates concerted action to reduce risk and vulnerability to natural and related technological and environmental hazards. This research then focuses on the disaster risk reduction phenomenon and major or international initiatives and forums aimed at improving or raising the disaster risk reduction profile. It also focuses on disaster risk management in the South African context.
In recent years, disaster risk reduction has grown in importance on the international agenda. This followed the prevalence of natural hazards such as floods, drought, earthquakes, tsunamis, as well as epidemics, which have had an increasing impact on humans, due to population growth, urbanization, rising poverty and the onset of global environmental changes. Aspects of environmental change include climate change, land degradation and deforestation. Practitioners and researchers widely acknowledge that poor planning, poverty and a range of other underlying factors create conditions of vulnerability that result in insufficient capacity or measures to reduce hazards‘ potentially negative consequences (IISD/UN/ISDR, 2007:01). It is in this light that in 2005 many governments around the world committed themselves to take action to reduce disaster risk, and thereby adopted a guiding document to reduce vulnerabilities to natural hazards, called the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA).
The HFA was adopted in January 2005 at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, in Kobe Hyogo, Japan by 168 States. The aim of the HFA is to assist the efforts of nations and communities to become more resilient to, and cope better, with the hazards that threaten their development gains with the overriding goal of achieving a substantial reduction in global disaster risk. It also emphasizes that disaster risk reduction is a central issue for development policies, in addition to being of interest to various science, humanitarian and environmental fields. To help attain the expected outcome, the HFA identified five specific priorities for action (PFAs) which are: (i) making disaster risk reduction a priority; (ii) improving risk information and early warning; (iii) building a culture of safety and resilience; (iv) reducing the risks in key sectors; and (v) strengthening preparedness for response.
The Global Network of Civil Society Organisation for Disaster Risk Reduction (GNDR) which was launched in 2007 in Geneva, is a major international network of civil society organisations working to influence and implement disaster risk reduction policies and practice around the world. The major programme of the global network is to collect perspective for the local level as to how the HFA is progressing. The Views from the Frontline (VFL) is the first independent assessment project undertaken towards the implementation of the HFA at the local level and is led by the Global Network. The aim of this project is to measure the gap between policy formulation at international level with the realities of policy execution at local level and to deepen the communication and coordination between different stakeholders on disaster risk reduction by involving government organisation and communities at the local level. The VFL perspective is that nationally formulated policies are not generating widespread systematic changes in local practices. There is a concern that the current approach is top–down and engages minimally with affected communities and fails to address their needs and capacities (GNDR, 2008:01).
The main objective of this research was to provide an overview of progress made in the implementation of the HFA at local level particularly in the Kabokweni Location. The approach adopted in this study is called 'the Views from the Frontline', and explores the extent of the actual progress made toward the implementation and impact of the HFA priorities at local level, namely the Kabokweni community in the Mbombela Local Municipality (MLM) situated in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. / Thesis (M. Development and management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Evaluating the implementation of the Hyogo framework for action in the Kabokweni location : views from the frontline perspective / Prudence P. DlaminiDlamini, Phiwinhlanhla Prudence January 2010 (has links)
Although disaster risk reduction is still not considered a priority by many countries and organisations, there is significant progress made towards the reduction of disaster risk. The experience of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR, 1990–1999) prompted a major conceptual shift from disaster response to disaster reduction underscoring the crucial role of human action (UNISDR, 2001:03). This circumstance led to the adoption of an International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (ISDR) in 1999 by the participants of the IDNDR Programme Forum. The adoption gave emphasis to the importance of a global strategy that encourages and facilitates concerted action to reduce risk and vulnerability to natural and related technological and environmental hazards. This research then focuses on the disaster risk reduction phenomenon and major or international initiatives and forums aimed at improving or raising the disaster risk reduction profile. It also focuses on disaster risk management in the South African context.
In recent years, disaster risk reduction has grown in importance on the international agenda. This followed the prevalence of natural hazards such as floods, drought, earthquakes, tsunamis, as well as epidemics, which have had an increasing impact on humans, due to population growth, urbanization, rising poverty and the onset of global environmental changes. Aspects of environmental change include climate change, land degradation and deforestation. Practitioners and researchers widely acknowledge that poor planning, poverty and a range of other underlying factors create conditions of vulnerability that result in insufficient capacity or measures to reduce hazards‘ potentially negative consequences (IISD/UN/ISDR, 2007:01). It is in this light that in 2005 many governments around the world committed themselves to take action to reduce disaster risk, and thereby adopted a guiding document to reduce vulnerabilities to natural hazards, called the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA).
The HFA was adopted in January 2005 at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, in Kobe Hyogo, Japan by 168 States. The aim of the HFA is to assist the efforts of nations and communities to become more resilient to, and cope better, with the hazards that threaten their development gains with the overriding goal of achieving a substantial reduction in global disaster risk. It also emphasizes that disaster risk reduction is a central issue for development policies, in addition to being of interest to various science, humanitarian and environmental fields. To help attain the expected outcome, the HFA identified five specific priorities for action (PFAs) which are: (i) making disaster risk reduction a priority; (ii) improving risk information and early warning; (iii) building a culture of safety and resilience; (iv) reducing the risks in key sectors; and (v) strengthening preparedness for response.
The Global Network of Civil Society Organisation for Disaster Risk Reduction (GNDR) which was launched in 2007 in Geneva, is a major international network of civil society organisations working to influence and implement disaster risk reduction policies and practice around the world. The major programme of the global network is to collect perspective for the local level as to how the HFA is progressing. The Views from the Frontline (VFL) is the first independent assessment project undertaken towards the implementation of the HFA at the local level and is led by the Global Network. The aim of this project is to measure the gap between policy formulation at international level with the realities of policy execution at local level and to deepen the communication and coordination between different stakeholders on disaster risk reduction by involving government organisation and communities at the local level. The VFL perspective is that nationally formulated policies are not generating widespread systematic changes in local practices. There is a concern that the current approach is top–down and engages minimally with affected communities and fails to address their needs and capacities (GNDR, 2008:01).
The main objective of this research was to provide an overview of progress made in the implementation of the HFA at local level particularly in the Kabokweni Location. The approach adopted in this study is called 'the Views from the Frontline', and explores the extent of the actual progress made toward the implementation and impact of the HFA priorities at local level, namely the Kabokweni community in the Mbombela Local Municipality (MLM) situated in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. / Thesis (M. Development and management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Comparação do estado de saúde bucal da população de Baixo Guandu-ES, 50 anos após a fluoretação das águas e de Itarana-ESCasotti, Cezar Augusto [UNESP] 28 July 2006 (has links) (PDF)
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casotti_ca_dr_araca.pdf: 660013 bytes, checksum: c630d7bb4fdb85d40a30ec52f8e05ca2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público é reconhecida como uma das principais estratégias de saúde pública para prevenir a cárie dentária. A cidade de Baixo Guandu, localizada no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, foi a primeira a implantar o método. Foi objetivo do presente estudo avaliar o impacto que a fluoretação artificial da água proporcionou à saúde bucal de indivíduos com idade de 5, 12, 15 a 19, 20 a 34, 35 a 44 e 45 a 56 anos, que sempre viveram e consumiram exclusivamente água da rede de abastecimento público dos municípios de Baixo Guandu onde a fluoretação ocorre há 52 anos e Itarana, onde o método foi implantado há 3 anos. A metodologia, os códigos e os critérios adotados foram os recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), com a inserção dos grupos etários de 20 a 34 e 45 a 56 anos. Inicialmente foram identificados os moradores permanentes das duas cidades, as quais foram examinados no domicílio, com auxílio de espelho bucal e sonda periodontal CPI. Previamente à realização do estudo, o examinador passou por uma oficina de calibração e treinamento para a padronização dos diagnósticos da cárie dentária, fluorose dentária, perda dentária e uso e necessidade de prótese, em indivíduos com grupos etários semelhantes aos do estudo. Para o cálculo da concordância kappa intra-examinador, 10% dos indivíduos foram reexaminados, sendo os resultados obtidos para a cárie dentária 0,95; fluorose dentária 0,91; perda dentária 1 e o uso e necessidade de prótese 1. No total foram examinados 1588 moradores sendo 1129 (71,1%) de Baixo Guandu e 459 (28,9%) de Itarana. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado, Fisher, Mann Whitney e de proporções com nível de significância de 5%. As médias do ceod aos 5 anos e CPOD aos 12, 15 a 19, 20 a 34, 35 a 44 e 45 a 56 anos foram, respectivamente, em Baixo Guandu... / The water fluoridation in the public supply is recognized as one of the main public health strategies to prevent dental caries. Baixo Guandu-ES was the first city to introduce this method in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact that the artificial fluoridation of the water brought to the oral health of subjects in the age of 5, 12, 15 to 19, 20 to 34,35 to 44 and 45 to 56 years, that have always lived and consumed exclusively the water from the public supply of the city of Baixo Guandu for 52 years and Itarana where the method was introduced 3 years ago. The methodology, the codes and criteria adopted were recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), with the insertion of age groups of 20 to 34 and 45 to 56 years. Initially the identification of the permanent inhabitants of both cities, was realized and they were locally examined with the aid of plan oral mirrors number 5 and CPI periodontal probes. Previously to this study, the examiner went through a calibrator's workshop and training for the diagnosis of dental caries, dental fluorosis, tooth loss, the use and need of prosthesis with age groups similar to the ones in the study. In order to have the Kappa's intra-examiner calculated, 10% of the individuals were re-examined and the obtained result for dental caries was 0.95; for dental fluorosis 0.91; for dental loss, and for the use and need for prosthesis 1. A total of 1588 inhabitants were examined, of those 1129 (71.1%) of Baixo Guandu and 459 (29.9%) of Itarana. The Chi-square, Fisher's, Mann-Whitney's and the Proportions tests with level of significance of 5% were used to verify the significant statistic of the results. The mean dmft for 5 year old subjects and DMFT for 12, 15 to 19, 20 to 34, 35 to 44 and 45 to 56 subjects were respectively in Baixo Guandu 2.32; 1,55; 3.48; 7.69; 13,85 and 16.49 and ...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Comparação do estado de saúde bucal da população de Baixo Guandu-ES, 50 anos após a fluoretação das águas e de Itarana-ES /Casotti, Cezar Augusto. January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Nemre Adas Saliba / Banca: Edgard Michel Crosato / Banca: Beatriz Unfer / Banca: Rogério Moreira Arcieri / Banca: Renato Herman Sundfeld / Resumo: A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público é reconhecida como uma das principais estratégias de saúde pública para prevenir a cárie dentária. A cidade de Baixo Guandu, localizada no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, foi a primeira a implantar o método. Foi objetivo do presente estudo avaliar o impacto que a fluoretação artificial da água proporcionou à saúde bucal de indivíduos com idade de 5, 12, 15 a 19, 20 a 34, 35 a 44 e 45 a 56 anos, que sempre viveram e consumiram exclusivamente água da rede de abastecimento público dos municípios de Baixo Guandu onde a fluoretação ocorre há 52 anos e Itarana, onde o método foi implantado há 3 anos. A metodologia, os códigos e os critérios adotados foram os recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), com a inserção dos grupos etários de 20 a 34 e 45 a 56 anos. Inicialmente foram identificados os moradores permanentes das duas cidades, as quais foram examinados no domicílio, com auxílio de espelho bucal e sonda periodontal CPI. Previamente à realização do estudo, o examinador passou por uma oficina de calibração e treinamento para a padronização dos diagnósticos da cárie dentária, fluorose dentária, perda dentária e uso e necessidade de prótese, em indivíduos com grupos etários semelhantes aos do estudo. Para o cálculo da concordância kappa intra-examinador, 10% dos indivíduos foram reexaminados, sendo os resultados obtidos para a cárie dentária 0,95; fluorose dentária 0,91; perda dentária 1 e o uso e necessidade de prótese 1. No total foram examinados 1588 moradores sendo 1129 (71,1%) de Baixo Guandu e 459 (28,9%) de Itarana. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado, Fisher, Mann Whitney e de proporções com nível de significância de 5%. As médias do ceod aos 5 anos e CPOD aos 12, 15 a 19, 20 a 34, 35 a 44 e 45 a 56 anos foram, respectivamente, em Baixo Guandu ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The water fluoridation in the public supply is recognized as one of the main public health strategies to prevent dental caries. Baixo Guandu-ES was the first city to introduce this method in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact that the artificial fluoridation of the water brought to the oral health of subjects in the age of 5, 12, 15 to 19, 20 to 34,35 to 44 and 45 to 56 years, that have always lived and consumed exclusively the water from the public supply of the city of Baixo Guandu for 52 years and Itarana where the method was introduced 3 years ago. The methodology, the codes and criteria adopted were recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), with the insertion of age groups of 20 to 34 and 45 to 56 years. Initially the identification of the permanent inhabitants of both cities, was realized and they were locally examined with the aid of plan oral mirrors number 5 and CPI periodontal probes. Previously to this study, the examiner went through a calibrator's workshop and training for the diagnosis of dental caries, dental fluorosis, tooth loss, the use and need of prosthesis with age groups similar to the ones in the study. In order to have the Kappa's intra-examiner calculated, 10% of the individuals were re-examined and the obtained result for dental caries was 0.95; for dental fluorosis 0.91; for dental loss, and for the use and need for prosthesis 1. A total of 1588 inhabitants were examined, of those 1129 (71.1%) of Baixo Guandu and 459 (29.9%) of Itarana. The Chi-square, Fisher's, Mann-Whitney's and the Proportions tests with level of significance of 5% were used to verify the significant statistic of the results. The mean dmft for 5 year old subjects and DMFT for 12, 15 to 19, 20 to 34, 35 to 44 and 45 to 56 subjects were respectively in Baixo Guandu 2.32; 1,55; 3.48; 7.69; 13,85 and 16.49 and ...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor
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