A finales del siglo XVI, el género épico irrumpe con fuerza en Europa, con una serie de autores italianos (Tasso, Boyardo, etc.) que se convierten en referentes. En España, el género fue recogido por autores como Alonso de Ercilla, Pedro de Oña o el mismo Lope de Vega. Con La Dragontea, Lope de Vega intenta cultivar la épica culta, y alejarse así de la imagen de autor popular. El poema narra los hechos sucedidos durante la última expedición del corsario Francis Drake a América, con su derrota y muerte. En este estudio, analizaremos el poema en su contexto literario e histórico, situándolo entre la producción épica española y la de Lope, así como su temàtica nacionalista y colonial. El resultado es una aproximación a un poema que, más que ningún otro, pone de manifiesto el evidente interés de Lope en el género culto. / At the end of sixteenth century, the epic genre invades Europa, with a row of Italian authors (Tasso, Boyardo, etc.) who become point of referente. In Spain, the genre was taken in by authors like Alonso de Ercilla, Pedro de Oña or even Lope de Vega. With La Dragontea, Lope de Vega tries to practice the cultured genre, leaving his image as a popular author. The poem explains the facts during the last expediction of corsaire Francis Drake to America, with his final defeat and dead. In this study, we will analize the poem in its literary and historical context, setting it into the Spanish epic production and Lope’s works, and also analize its nationalist and colonial theme. The result is an aproximation to a poem that, more than any other, highlights Lope’s evident interest on the cultured genre.

The view of black Africans that emerges from Renaissance drama is shaped entirely by stereotypes, and is overwhelmingly negative. There is a general reluctance in the scholarly community to challenge the stereotype as a major organising principle in shaping negative images of African dramatic characters. My argument is that the stereotype is a powerful tool in the hands of self-interested parties, and must be recognised as capable of maiming and distorting the experiences of those it sets out to construct, as the one-sided, eurocentric representations of African characters in Renaissance drama reveal. Chapter One reviews the history of European attitudes to black skin colour, focusing briefly on England's public displays of other nations, cultures, and people, on the visual art tradition, and mainly on English Renaissance travel literature which, I believe, was the largest single influence on dramatists' imaginations. The chapter establishes that English anti-black polemics and the stereotyping of black Africans was heightened during the Renaissance, mainly because constructions of otherness were a large part of England's national self-fashioning. Chapter Two explores traditional meanings of blackness as well as the aesthetic and moral aspects of otherness, and attempts to show how the stereotypical assumptions and value judgments encoded in the rhetoric of blackness are allegorically manipulated to suit the needs of Christian England while Africa suffers erasure. Chapters Three and Four foreground the idea that the physical presence of black African characters on the stage becomes a sign of an entire set of actual and imagined differences by which England constructs her view of Africans as prime, visible signifiers of cultural difference. Chapter Four goes a step further and looks at those dramatic texts in which seemingly fixed categories are revealed as unstable, especially when overlaps in race, gender, and social rank come into play. The representation of black African characters on the English Renaissance stage thus reveals a definite correlation between the dominant culture's fears and anxieties over the perceived threat posed by the black African other, its insistence on a self-representation as a distinctly superior culture, and its subsequent and systematic production of Africa and Africans as indelibly other. For the dominant culture to be able to define, produce, and maintain itself as superior, it must, of necessity, strive to keep the other in a position of chronic inferiority, hence the persistent appeal to stereotypes.

The public perception of ionising radiation focuses on its exploitation for energy production and medicine (diagnostics, therapy). In contrast, natural sources of ionising radiation are rarely considered, which contribute to more than half of the total radiation exposure. With regard to biological consequences, stochastic radiation effects (e. g. mortality of radiation-induced cancer, genetic effects), where the probability increases with dose, and deterministic radiation effects (pathological changes, e. g. changes of gonads, embryo and fetus) for which severity increases with dose, must be distinguished. Ionizing radiation is frequently linked to various risks (cancer, genetic damage, acute radiation syndrome). Usually, these risks are over-estimated. / Bei der öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung mit ionisierender Strahlung steht deren Nutzung im Rahmen der Energieerzeugung und der Medizin (Diagnostik, Strahlentherapie) im Vordergrund. Selten wird bedacht, dass ionisierende Strahlung auch natürlich vorkommt und damit mehr als die Hälfte der Gesamt-Strahlenbelastung bedingt. Die biologische Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung wird eingeteilt in stochastische Effekte, bei denen die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Effektes mit der Dosis zunimmt (z. B. Tod durch strahleninduzierten Krebs, genetische Effekte), sowie deterministische Effekte (pathologische Veränderungen, z. B. an Fortpflanzungsorganen oder der Leibesfrucht), bei denen der Schweregrad dosisabhängig ist. Ionisierende Strahlung wird häufig mit verschiedenen Risiken (Krebs, Erbschäden, Strahlenkrankheit) in Verbindung gebracht, wobei diese in der Regel überschätzt werden.

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung statistischer Verfahren zur Schätzung der Anzahl der Versetzungen in multikristallinem Silizium. Die erste Methode benutzt Ideen aus der Theorie der Keim-Korn-Modelle, speziell die sphärische Kontaktverteilungsfunktion. Die zweite Methode geht von einer summarischen Modellierung der Intensitätsfunktion aus. Beide Verfahren liefern, wie erwartet, größere Werte als die bisherigen, von Physikern entwickelten, Schätzer. Der Wachstumsprozess der Versetzungen im Siliziumblock während der Kristallisation wird durch deterministische Wachstumsprozesse mit zufälligen Stoppzeiten modelliert. Sie führen zu Pareto- und Weibullverteilungen für die Anzahl der Versetzungen in Gebieten fester Größe. Diese Modelle wurden auch erfolgreich in der statistischen Analyse der Größe von Waldbränden, der Anzahlen von Galaxien in kubischen Zellen des Universums und der Teilchengrößenverteilungen in einem verfahrenstechnischen Prozess benutzt.

Texte remanié de: Tesi di laurea--Torino--Facoltà di lettere e filosofia, 1997. / La page de titre porte : "con il patrocinio del comune di Dronero" Contient en annexe des textes en latin. Bibliogr. p. 169-178.

The Mycenaeans used writing for a variety of administrative purposes. The archaeological evidence for writing suggests that it was a highly restricted technology. Mycenaeans used the Linear B script to write clay tablets, inscribe sealings, and paint on vessels. There is evidence to suggest that ephemeral documents of parchment or papyrus also were used for writing. In most of these instances, writing recorded economic transactions involving the material wealth of the state. The only exception is a small number of open-shaped vessels that are likely inscribed with personal names. The Linear B script is often blamed for the restriction of writing by the Mycenaeans. This open-syllabic script does not well represent the sound of spoken Greek, and requires the frequent use of dummy vowels and the omission of consonants at the end of syllables. Studies in literacy theory, however, suggest that script usage, reading, and writing are dictated by social factors and by need, rather than by forces supposedly inherent in the script itself. Writing was restricted because Mycenaean society dictated a restricted use. The sealings and tablets, which are found at several sites throughout mainland Greece and Crete, are small in size and are found almost exclusively in administrative contexts, in buildings that have functions in central administration. Writing is never found in public displays, as it is in the contemporary Near East. There was no intent to familiarize the Mycenaean populace with the technology of writing. Training in literacy likewise appears to have been highly restrictive, with new individuals being taught by scribes on an ad hoc, individualized basis. The loyalty of scribes to the king would have been essential. The sealings and tablets record the material wealth of the kingdom that was under the management of central administration. Furthermore, the contents of the tablets are not countermarked by seal impressions that would confirm their authenticity. Scribes would have been among the king’s closest administrators and members of the elite. The restriction of writing would ensure that all written words were legitimate, as they could only be written by the most trusted individuals in the kingdom. / text

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