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This research is devoted to the analysis of the forming and usage of income from the endowment fund of educational institutions. The study is based on the example of Ural Federal university. The relevance of this study is caused by modern economic situation, the state policy in the sphere of education, as well as has rising need of the educational institutions in usage and development of co-financing instruments. Development of the concept and implementation of the First International Forum "Academic Fundraising: attracting money for the development of higher education" has allowed to develop a system of recommendations for the endowment funds of educational institutions, the Alumni Associations, as well as for public authorities promoting the development of endowment funds. The development of such funds will increase the financial independence of universities, reduce the workload of the state budget, as well as make a positive impact on the educational, scientific and innovative progress of Russia. / Данное исследование посвящено анализу процессов формирования, а в большей части пополнения целевых капиталов образовательных учреждений, использования доходов от целевого капитала на примере Фонда по формированию целевого капитала на развитие федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина». Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена современной экономической ситуацией, политикой государства в сфере образования, а также возникшей в связи с этими факторами необходимостью образовательных учреждений использовать и развивать инструменты софинансирования. Разработка концепции и организация первого Международного форума «Академический фандрайзинг: привлечение средств для развития высшей школы» позволила автору разработать систему рекомендаций для фондов целевого капитала образовательных учреждений, Ассоциации выпускников, а также для государственных органов по содействию развитию эндаумент-фондов. Развитие таких фондов позволит повысить финансовую самостоятельность вузов, снизит нагрузку на государственный бюджет, а также окажет положительное влияние на образовательный, научный и инновационный прогресс России.

In this thesis I investigate the impact of donor organizations on NGOs’ efforts to foster local community participation in environmental projects, by analyzing how conditions on project funding affect a sample of South African NGOs. Numerous NGOs take environmental justice as a key tenet of their work. Yet, promoting environmental justice is not an easy task to perform. Aside from cultural, political and social contingencies peculiar to specific contexts, there are external constraints that can help or hinder NGOs’ efforts, among which resource-dependency dynamics stand out as particularly relevant. In fact, donors hold power over NGOs, who must stick to specific conditions to secure their support. My aim is to understand what conditions and what type of donors facilitate or hinder community participation —a basic condition for achieving environmental justice— in environmental projects, where hindrances are exemplified by the presence of NGOization dynamics. I analyze donors’ guiding principles, eligibility criteria and monitoring and evaluation standards, delving into the provisions of five different funders that financially support local environmental projects in South Africa, classified according to their core values and organizational settings. Data are collected, coded, and analyzed with the help of NVIVO through a content analysis of calls for grants, project proposals, project reports, and semi-structured interviews to donors and NGO professionals. In this study, I argue that donor organizations can facilitate community participation and avoid NGOization dynamics by acknowledging the existence of unequal power relations between them and the NGOs they fund and by taking measures to respond to NGOs demands. This study highlights the importance of long-term engagement and a relationship based on trust between donors and NGOs as key to creating alternative funding models that help secure the goals that local communities define. Moreover, this study also claims that donors’ upward accountability has a weight in determining conditions on funds and eligibility criteria, and that many of the donors’ virtuous practices originate from their independence from upward accountability measures.

The purpose of this thesis is to contrast the academic discussion on whether the affluent countries have a responsibility or not to provide food aid for the LDCs, to the views of food aid recipients. In addition to the issue of responsibility I also discuss the responsibilities of individuals contra governments, and what type of aid (if any) that is best to ensure food security. In order to gather information on the recipients’ points of views I have conducted a minor field study in The Gambia and interviewed former food aid recipients. In the academic discussion Thomas Pogge, Peter Singer, Dale Jamieson and David Miller are represented. The results of the field study shows that most of the recipients argue that the affluent countries in the world have a moral responsibility to assist the LDCs since they have the ability to assist.In contrast to the academic discussion, it becomes clear that the interviewees base their arguments on a different moral foundation than some of the theorists, and that they have different perspective on how to eradicate poverty and ensure food security.

Yes / UV/vis absorption titrations have been used to investigate the formation of H-bonded complexes between anionic H-bond acceptors (HBAs) and neutral H-bond donors (HBDs) in organic solvents. Complexes formed by three different HBDs with 15 different anions were studied in chloroform and in acetonitrile. The data were used to determine self-consistent HBA parameters (β) for chloride, bromide, iodide, phosphate diester, acetate, benzoate, perrhenate, nitrate, triflimide, perchlorate, hexafluorophosphate, hydrogen sulfate, methyl sulfonate, triflate, and perfluorobutyl sulfonate. The results demonstrate the transferability of H-bond parameters for anions between different solvents and different HBD partners, allowing reliable prediction of anion recognition properties in other scenarios. Carboxylates are the strongest HBAs studied, with β parameters (≈ 15) that are significantly higher than those of neutral organic HBAs, and the non-coordinating anion hexafluorophosphate is the weakest acceptor, with a β parameter comparable to that of pyridine. The effects of ion pairing with the counter-cation were found to be negligible, provided small polar cations were avoided in the less polar solvent (chloroform). There is no correlation between the H-bonding properties of the anions and the pKa values of the conjugate acids. / Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Introduction: The properties of human blood are so specific that it has not yet been possible to replace human blood with any other fluid than obtaining it as a blood gift from donors. In recent years, there has not been a sufficient number of new blood donors in the Czech Republic to compensate for the decrease in the number of donors due to the increasing incidence of a number of civilization diseases and age (Czech Red Cross, 2020). Blood donation and the need for blood products are constantly increasing with the development of the methods of treatment and medicine as a science. Ensuring a sufficient number of blood donors and sufficient deposition of blood obtained from donors is a permanent task of healthcare (Society for Transfusion Medicine of the Czech Medical Association JEP, 2019). Aim of the work: The main goal of the research was to map the issue of blood donation, to identify the factors by which blood donors are motivated to donate. Furthermore, what can cause stagnation in the growth of blood donors and what means doctors motivate potential blood donors. Methodology: A qualitative research method was chosen for the research survey. Data collection took place in the form of semi-structured interviews and was completed by achieving theoretical data saturation. In order to preserve...

Electronic energy transfer has been investigated in pure donor systems by means of computer simulations. Calculated properties were the probability that the initially excited donor is excited at a time t after the excitation, Gs(t), the mean square displacement of the excitation and different fluorescence observables. For three dimensional systems the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations were compared to the so-called GAF-theory {Gouchanour,C. R., Andersen, H. C. and Fayer, M. D., J. Chem. Phys. 81, 4380 (1984)}, and the agreement was found to be good. Anisotropic systems, i.e. mono-, bi- and multilayer systems, were compared to the two-particle model {Baumann,J. and Fayer, M. D., J. Chem. Phys. 85, 4087 (1986)}. The agreement between the Gs(t) calculated from the tp- model and the Monte Carlo simulations were good for all systems investigated. However, the agreement between the fluorescence observables obtained by MC and the tp-model were in general poor. A much better agreement was found when a phenomenological approach was used for calculating the fluorescence depolarization ratios. Three dimensional systems where the donors are rotating on the same time scale as the energy transfer takes place have also been studied and compared to analytical theories. The Molecular Dynamics simulations of decapeptide H142 shows that simulations in a continuum with a relative permeability do not provide a reliable alternative to simulations with explicit solvent molecules. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1991, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

<p>UVOD: Učestalost kardiovaskularnih bolesti je visoka i predstavlja jedan od najče&scaron;ćih uzročnika morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Među evropskim zemljama najvi&scaron;i mortalitet od kardiovaskularnih bolesti beleži se u Srbiji. Hipertenzivna bolest je hronično oboljenje i često zahteva dugotrajnu medikamentoznu terapiju antihipertenzivnim lekovima. Osobe koje boluju od arterijske hipertenzije, koja je stabilna i dobro kontrolisana antihipertenzivnim lekovima, a čija doza nije menjana poslednje četiri nedelje, mogu biti davaoci krvi. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2012. godine na teritoriji grada Novog Sada i JužnoBačkog okruga. Prikupljeno je 450 uzoraka krvi od dobrovoljnih davalaca, oba pola, starosti od 18 do 65 godina, koji boluju od hipertenzivne bolesti, a koji u cilju terapije koriste antihipertenzivne lekove. Prikupljeni uzorci plazme analizirani su metodom tečne hromatografije visokih performansi (HPLC). REZULTATI: Analizom je utvrđeno prisustvo antihipertenzivnih lekova, iznad limita kvantifikacije, u 47 uzoraka. Prisustvo metoprolola je utvrđeno u 35, a bisoprolola u 12 uzoraka. U preostalim uzorcima zabeleženo je prisustvo ispitivanih lekova u količinama koje su bile iznad limita detekcije, ali ispod limita kvantifikacije. Detektovane koncentracije metoprolola se nalaze u terapijskom rasponu i za očekivati je da bi kod primaoca bili merljivi znaci efekta leka. Kod niskih detektovanih koncentracija bisoprolola verovatnoća pojave terapijskog efekta je mala i ne može se isključiti, jer bisprolol pokazuje terapijske efekte u rasponu koncentracija od 0,01 do 0,06 mcg/mL. ZAKLJUČAK: Vremenski period privremenog prestanka uzimanja antihipertenzivnih lekova za većinu ispitivanih lekova je odgovarajući i iznosi 24 časa pre davanja krvi. Period privremenog prekidanja terapije od 24 časa pre davanja krvi za metoprolol i bisoprolol potrebno je korigovati u smislu njegovog produženja i implementacija u Vodiče za selekciju i odabir davalaca krvi.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is high and is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among European countries. The highest mortality from cardiovascular diseases is recorded in Serbia. A hypertensive disease is a chronic condition and often requires a long-term medicamentous therapy using antihypertensive medications. Persons suffering from arterial hypertension, which is stable and well controlled when using antihypertensive medications, can be blood donors, providing that the dosage has not been changed in the last four weeks of the treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted during 2012. in the city of Novi Sad area and the South Backa District. 450 blood samples were collected from volunteer donors of both sexes, aged 18. to 65., all suffering from a hypertensive disease, who used antihypertensive medications for the purpose of the therapy. The collected plasma samples were analyzed using the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The analysis revealed the presence of antihypertensive drugs, that were above the limit of quantification, in 47 samples. The presence of metoprolol was determined in 35 samples, and bisoprolol was present in 12 samples. The remaining samples recorded the presence of the tested drugs in amounts that were above the detection limit, but below the limit of quantification. The detected concentrations of metoprolol are in the therapeutic range, and it is to be expected that a recipient would show measurable signs of drug effect. Regarding the low detected values of bisoprolol, the probability of a therapeutic effect is small and can not be excluded, since bisoprolol shows therapeutic effects in the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.06 mcg/mL. CONCLUSION: The period of time to temporary withdraw the dosage of antihypertensive drugs in most investigated medications proved to be appropriate and is 24 hours prior to blood donation. The period of time to temporary interrupt therapy of 24 hours before giving blood for metoprolol and bisoprolol analysis should be corrected in terms of its extension and implementation in the Blood donors selection guide.</p>

espera por transplante pulmonar. A baixa taxa de aproveitamento do pulmão nas captações de órgãos figura como questão de destaque. Como causas, listamos a rigidez nos critérios de seleção, vulnerabilidade do órgão, cuidados inadequados com os pacientes em morte encefálica, edema pulmonar neurogênico pela morte encefálica e trauma com choque hemorrágico, que leva à hipoperfusão dos pulmões, acidose metabólica e inflamação tecidual. Morte encefálica e choque representam importantes causas de deterioração pulmonar, levando à recusa do órgão na captação ou à disfunção primária do enxerto pós-transplante. Na tentativa de melhorar a condição do enxerto pulmonar para se obter maior número de pulmões viáveis para o transplante, e para reduzir os índices de rejeição, algumas estratégias foram adotadas pelas equipes transplantadoras. O uso de células tronco mesenquimais (Mesenchymal Stem Cells - MSCs) para tratamento de afecções inflamatórias é objeto de estudo de alguns grupos, dadas as propriedades anti-inflamatórias e imunomodulatórias já conhecidas. Nossa hipótese baseia-se na realização de tratamento com MSCs ou seus fatores solúveis (FS-MSCs) em doadores com choque hemorrágico. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar inflamação pulmonar em ratos, após o tratamento do choque hemorrágico com reposição sanguínea, associada à infusão in vivo de MSCs ou FS-MSCs. Quarenta e oito ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos: Sham (Sham n=12); Choque (Choque n=12); FS (Choque + FS-MSCs n=12) e MSC (Choque + MSCs n=12). Após anestesia, os animais foram submetidos à cateterização da artéria e veia femoral para registro de pressão arterial média (PAM), indução de choque hemorrágico e infusão de MSCs ou FS-MSC nos grupos de tratamento. No grupo Sham foi realizada apenas a monitorização dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos. Nos grupos Choque, FS e MSC foi realizado o choque hemorrágico (40 mmHg), e tratamento com FS-MSCs (1ml de secretoma em dose única) no grupo FS ou MSCs humanas (1x107células em dose única) no grupo MSC. Após 190 minutos, o experimento foi finalizado e o bloco pulmonar extraído. Foram analisadas: a histopatologia do tecido pulmonar e a concentração de marcadores inflamatórios (Tnf-alfa, IL1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, iCAM e vCAM) no lavado broncoalveolar e no tecido pulmonar. Na análise histológica a densidade de neutrófilos apresentou diferença estatística significante com o grupo FS apresentando a menor densidade quando comparado aos grupos Choque e MSC (p < 0,001). A dosagem de IL-10 no grupo FS foi superior aos demais grupos (p=0,044). Concluímos que os pulmões de ratos submetidos ao choque hemorrágico tratados com FS-MSCs apresentam redução de inflamação pela redução do infiltrado neutrofílico / Many factors are responsible for the large number of patients on waiting list for a lung transplant. The low rate of lung utilization in organ uptakes appears as a critical issue. As causes, we highlight the rigorous selection criteria, organ vulnerability, inadequate care for patients in brain death, neurogenic pulmonary edema due to brain death and trauma with hemorrhagic shock, that leads to hypoperfusion of the lungs, metabolic acidosis and tissue inflammation. Brain death and shock represents important causes of pulmonary deterioration, leading to organ rejection at the uptake or primary graft dysfunction in post-transplantation. To improve the pulmonary graft condition in order to obtain a larger number of viable lungs for transplantation and to reduce rejection rates, some strategies were adopted by transplantation teams. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment of inflammatory conditions is the object of study of many groups, due to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these cells previously described. Our hypothesis is based on treatment with MSCs or their soluble factors (FS-MSCs) in donors with hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this work is to evaluate pulmonary inflammation in rats, after hemorrhagic shock treatment with blood replacement, associated with in vivo infusion of MSCs or FS-MSCs. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham (Sham n = 12); Shock (Shock n = 12); FS (Shock + FS-MSCs n = 12) and MSC (Shock + MSCs n = 12). After anesthesia, animals were submitted to femoral artery and vein catheterization for monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP), induction of hemorrhagic shock and MSCs or FS-MSC infusion in treatment groups. At Sham group, only hemodynamic parameters were monitored. Hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) was performed in Shock, FS and MSC groups, and treatment with FS-MSCs (1ml secretome in single dose) were performed in the FS group or human MSCs (1x107 cells in single dose) in the MSC group. After 190 minutes, the experiment was terminated and the lung block was removed. The histopathology of lung tissue and the concentration of inflammatory markers (Tnf-alpha, IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM and vCAM) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tissue were analyzed. In histological analysis, the neutrophil density showed a statistically significant difference with FS group presenting the lowest density when compared to Shock and MSC groups (p < 0.001). IL-10 dosage in FS group was higher than all other groups (p = 0.044). We conclude that the lungs of rats submitted to hemorrhagic shock treated with FS-MSCs present reduction of inflammation by the reduction of neutrophilic infiltrate

A arquitetura do Sistema Humanitário Internacional no século XXI está em expansão. Não somente os recursos aportados têm crescido, como também o número de atores envolvidos como doadores, tais como organizações internacionais governamentais e não governamentais. Os países são os maiores provedores de assistência humanitária, e este grupo também apresenta ampliação. Tradicionalmente, os países membros do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento, da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (DAC/OCDE) são os atores mais antigos do sistema humanitário contemporâneo e os que mais aportam recursos. A literatura recente, contudo, aponta para a emergência de outros países doadores de fora do grupo, que estariam trazendo mudanças na governança internacional do sistema. Os estudos sobre os doadores \"Não DAC\" carecem de dados precisos, sendo, em sua maioria, baseados em estimativas. Esta pesquisa visa a aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a atuação desses doadores, valendo-se de estatística descritiva de dados primários de organizações multilaterais do sistema humanitário da Organização das Nações Unidas para se poder mais bem compreender o grau de participação financeiro que os doadores \"Não DAC\" agregam ao sistema. Além disso, o estudo apresenta uma análise de como o Brasil age como doador de assistência humanitária internacional. / The architecture of the International Humanitarian System in the 21st century is expanding. Not only the resources contributed have increased, but also the number of actors involved as donors, such as international governmental and non-governmental organizations. Countries are the largest providers of humanitarian assistance, and this group is also expanding. Traditionally, the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD / DAC) are the primary actors in the contemporary humanitarian system and those who provide the majority of the resources. Recent literature, however, points to the emergence of other donor countries outside the group that might be bringing changes in the international governance of the system. Studies on \"non-DAC\" donors lack accurate data and are mostly based on estimates. This research aims to deepen knowledge about the performance of these donors, using descriptive statistics on primary data from multilateral organizations of the United Nations humanitarian system to better understand the degree of financial participation that \"Non-DAC\" donors add to the system. Furthermore, the study presents an analysis of Brazil\'s actions as a donor of international humanitarian assistance.