Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.

ADHD has for a long time been perceived as something that affects children and grows away with time. American psychiatric association state that ADHD may appear differently with adolescences and adults than with children. That could lead to misunderstandings and exclusion by adults and adolescences with ADHD at work life amongst other situations. This report investigates that exclusion and tries to find what information that needs to reach certain target groups to prevent it from happen. The works focus is text design, a part of information design, and looks firstly at the factors that make good information material. Then I investigate if there is a need for more information about ADHD within working life and if so what it would contain. The next part brings up what criteria it takes to be diagnosed with ADHD and different kinds of support; such as administrative, economical or cognitive. The goal of the report is to form information, mostly with text. Therefore the theoretical part ends with factors connected to information design followed by the design development. / ADHD har länge uppfattats som något som drabbar barn och växer bort med tiden. American psychiatric association uppger att ADHD kan uppträda annorlunda hos ungdomar och vuxna än hos barn. Något som kan leda till missförstånd och exkludering av vuxna och ungdomar med ADHD på bland annat arbetsmarknaden. Denna rapport undersöker den exkluderingen och söker vilken information som behöver nå vilka målgrupper för att förebygga den. Arbetets inriktning är textdesign, en del av informationsdesign, och fokuserar inledningsvis på de faktorer som bygger effektiv informationsmaterial. Sedan undersöks om det finns behov av mer information om ADHD inom yrkeslivet och vad den i så fall ska innehålla. Nästa del tar upp vilka kriterier som ska uppfyllas för att diagnostiseras med ADHD och vilken typ av stöd som då går att få; det kan handla om administrativ, ekonomisk eller kognitiv. Rapportens mål är att gestalta information och det är i första hand med hjälp av text. Därför avslutas den teoretiska delen med faktorer kopplade till informationsdesign och följs av designarbetets utveckling.

Mental health care is critical and while governments are trying to increase awareness of the problem the available resources is not sufficient to confront the growing problem. The thesis proposes a design theory, using Gregor and Jones’s (2007) ‘Anatomy of a Design Theory’ framework, for the current mental illness dilemma that all societies are facing. The proposed solution is one of using information systems, together with domain knowledge and conventional instruments from the field of psychology to create a general screening tool. The design theory takes an ontological approach to defining the domain’s knowledge, using the MINI instrument along with expert knowledge to form the basis of the artifact. The artifact consists of four main entities: Background Information, Screening Questions, Pre-Requisite Questions and Other Questions. The thesis discusses the theoretical rationale for the screening took and then presents an instantiation of the artifact. This tool would be able to screen any person (with the exception of the mentally handicapped) to ascertain if they have a mental disorder as defined in the DSM-IV.

The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), a screening instrument to identify individuals at risk of alcohol use-related problems, has not been validated in a Russian primary care population. We assessed the reliability, factor structure, sensitivity, and specificity of AUDIT scores among 254 subjects initiating tuberculosis treatment from 2005 to 2007 in Tomsk City. Our findings support the use of the AUDIT as a screening instrument among Russian individuals seeking primary care. We discuss implications, limitations, and future research.

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This study examines the stressful responses of faculty/staff and students after experiencing the April 16, 2007 school shootings at Virginia Tech. Understanding people's responses to trauma not only assists in more knowledge about what is stressful after a traumatic event but also may facilitate the finessing of tools and strategies for resilience and recovery in the aftermath of trauma. After investigating stressful responses to the April 16, 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech, and in particular those with probable PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), I found it was not always necessary to meet the "stressor" A criterion of PTSD. This is crucial because the "stressor" criterion A of PTSD is required to receive the diagnosis of PTSD. Although I found subtle stress differences for women compared to men, and faculty/staff compared to students, none of the differences were statistically significant. This research additionally contributes to the literature by detailing a profile of stressors for both faculty/staff and students in the aftermath of the worst college campus shooting in U.S. history to date. Findings suggest future research should examine the "stressor" criterion A of PTSD as well as the full spectrum of stressful responses both in the "immediate" and "delayed" aftermath of trauma(s). / Ph. D. / This study looks at responses of stress for faculty/staff and students after being exposed to the April 16, 2007 school shootings at Virginia Tech. Understanding responses to trauma not only provides more knowledge about what is stressful after a traumatic event, it may help us to learn and better fine-tune ways for recovery in the aftermath of trauma. After investigating these stressful responses to the April 16, 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech, and in particular those likely to go on to develop PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), I found that it was not always necessary to meet the “stressor” criterion A of PTSD. This is important because the “stressor” criterion A of PTSD is required to receive the PTSD diagnosis. Although I found some interesting differences in stressors for women compared to men, and faculty/staff compared to students, none of the differences were significant statistically. This work also contributes to research by detailing a profile of stressors for both faculty/staff and students in the aftermath of the worst college campus shooting in U.S. history to date. Findings suggest the need to continue to examine criterion A of PTSD as well as the full range of stressful responses both during, and in the aftermath of, trauma(s).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemarie Elizabeth.pdf: 975117 bytes, checksum: b92177ce882a77c11884e90b9344d9f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-03 / The present study analyzed several causes of psychosocial and environment issues (DSM IV revised axis) affecting the incidence of the major depression (axis I) in young women between 16 and 25 years old assisted at the psychiatric ambulatory unit of the State University of Londrina, UEL. At the first phase of this research, it was studied medical records in a descriptive manner. In the second phase, 32 depressive patients of this ambulatory, who were previously submitted to a structured clinical interview (clinical version Scid-I) and DSM-IV axis (psychosocial and environment issues), were selected for inclusion in the study. In the final phase, it was done a therapeutic group attendance composed only by four patients. The results emphasized the significance of the union in a collaborative research, as much as the presence of a holding environment, through the transitional space, which offered perspectives of continuity of the group therapy, with their expectative the cure of depression / O presente estudo investigou a determina??o de v?rios problemas pssicossociais e ambientais (eixo DSM-IV revisado) na incid?ncia da depress?o maior (eixo I), em mulheres jovens com idades entre 16 e 25 anos, atendidas no ambulat?rio de psiquiatria da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL. Na primeira etapa desta pesquisa, foram analisados prontu?rios m?dicos de modo descritivo. Na segunda etapa, foram selecionadas 32 pacientes com depress?o maior, e que foram previamente submetidas ? entrevista cl?nica estruturada (Scid-I vers?o cl?nica) e eixo IV do DSM-IV (problemas pssicossociais e ambientais), para inclus?o no estudo. Na etapa final, foi realizada a consulta terap?utica em grupo, realizada somente em 04 pacientes. Os resultados enfatizaram a import?ncia da integra??o em uma pesquisa colaborativa, bem como a exist?ncia de um ambiente de holding , atrav?s do espa?o transicional oferecido com perspectivas de continuidade deste atendimento em grupo, tendo como expectativa a cura da depress?o

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa Eliza da Silva.pdf: 532949 bytes, checksum: bf43bb5050e00f5bd27e278632dad898 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this research is a group of priest and seminarians of the Catholic church in São Paulo (Brazil). 149 subjects are taken in this research. They were all under psychoterapic care of 12 experts in psychoterapy. All those twelve experts where individually interviewed about their clinical judgment on the psychological diagnostic of the subjects. For this purpose the group of subjects where reduced to 48 subjects(25 priests and 23 seminarians). At this point of the research the main objective was the clarification of the diagnostic of the 48 cases under study.A extense research work was undertaken in the case s files of all the subjects and the attention was concentrated in the psychosexual aspects of the subjects behaviour, because the incidence of this kind of behaviour was predominant.For this purpose the DSM IV TR of the American Psychiatry Association was taken as the main reference for the classification of the cases.The CID 10 was also taken under consideration. From a theoretical viewpoint, the concept of diagnostic was of psychoanalitic and psychodinamic nature. Two other main connections were made in order to explain the psychosocial condition of the subjects: first a connetion with the religiosity and, second, a connection with the psychosexual development of the subjects / O tema dessa dissertação é o diagnóstico de religiosos em atendimento psicoterapêutico. A pesquisa se fez a partir do levantamento de 149 prontuários de casos atendidos por 12 terapeutas, os quais foram individualmente entrevistados com o objetivo de clarificar a classificação do diagnóstico. Essa se fez com base no DSM IV-TR em correspondência com o CID 10. A novidade da pesquisa está na amostragem, toda ela constituída por presbíteros e seminaristas maiores da Igreja Católica. Desde o início se previa a incidência de comportamentos inadequados no campo da sexualidade, razão porque, já com base nos primeiros levantamentos de dados se decidiu dar relevo maior à discussão das prevalências psicossexuais mais freqüentes na população estudada. Do ponto de vista teórico, o conceito de diagnóstico psicológico foi elaborado na perspectiva da psicanálise. Nessa mesma linha foram feitas duas conexões importantes para a compreensão da problemática de pessoas de vida consagradas a Igreja. Uma foi a conexão com a religiosidade e a outra com a evolução da sexualidade e afetividade. Os resultados da pesquisa (os dados colhidos na amostragem) foram apresentados no capítulo I. O capítulo II se ocupou do quadro teórico. E finalmente no capítulo III se fez uma leitura analítica dos dados

Psykisk hälsa/ohälsa är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som sätter fingret på ett av de största folkhälsoproblemen i vårt land, där depression är en av de vanligaste diagnoserna. Manualerna DSM-IV TR och ICD-10 används inom stora delar av sjukvården, världen över, i syfte att ge kunskap om lämpligast behandling till patienter med psykiska besvär. Denna studie syftar till att, genom en kvalitativ analys, undersöka vilka grunder som finns bakom de vanligast använda diagnosmanualerna och vilka kriterier som krävs för att uppfylla två vanligt förekommande diagnoser, PTSD och svår depression. Vidare syftar studier till att belysa eventuella likheter och olikheter mellan dessa diagnoser och vad det kan föra med sig. Såväl psykologisk forskning som klinisk praktik utgår idag mestadels från psykiatriska diagnoser, vilket kan ha såväl fördelar som nackdelar, men samtidigt diskuteras huruvida man istället ska lägga fokus på en annan mer underliggande nivå, nämligen processerna som sträcker sig över diagnosernas gränser. Fördelarna med ett transdiagnostiskt perspektiv är att det delvis kan ge en förklaring till den höga komorbiditet som finns i kliniska grupper och som skulle kunna iakttas även i de sjukdomsbilder som denna studie fokuserar på. Unified Protocol är en annan behandlingsmodell som tas upp i studien, vilken baseras på en betydande fenotypisk över-lappning mellan olika ångeststörningar hos patienter, där personer med subkliniska nivåer av symtom ändå kan ha en nedsatt funktionsnivå och ett subjektivt lidande, fastän de inte uppfyller alla de diagnostiska kriterierna för en specifik störning. Resultatet visar på möjligheten att se över diagnosgränser, för att öka chanserna för ett tillfrisknande hos patienten. Människans upplevelser av olika situationer den befinner sig i formas av personens egen uppfattning om sin förmåga, eller oförmåga, att påverka resultatet. Att uppleva sig ha mist kontroll över sitt eget liv kan i sig leda till såväl depression som suicidala tankar/-handlingar. Om symtomen för depression jämförs med kriterierna som står att finna under diagnosbilden “Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom” under kapitlet “ångestsyndrom”, kan många likheter konstateras. Slutsatsen blir att likheterna i symtombild skulle ge patienter med PTSD en behandlingsrekommendation som inte alls överensstämmer med de rekommenderade riktlinjer som är utformade för PTSD. Trots diagnosernas likheter rekommenderas olikartad behandling, och även olika förutsättningar för att fungera i kombination med förvärvsarbete påvisas. Vid så lika symtombilder, men ändå så skilda rekommenderade behandlingsplaner utifrån de olika diagnoserna, torde risken för en felaktig rehabiliteringsplan vara över-hängande. / Mental health/illness is complex to define and this highlight of the biggest public health problems in our country, in which depression is one of the most common diagnoses. The manuals DSM-IV TR and ICD-10 is used in much of health care, worldwide, in order to provide knowledge of appropriate treatment for patients with mental disorders. This study aims to, through a qualitative analysis, examine the grounds behind the most commonly used diagnostic manuals and the criteria required to meet two common diagnoses, PTSD and severe depression. Further studies aimed to highlight any similarities and differences between these diagnoses and what it can bring. Both psychological research and clinical practice today is based mostly from psychiatric diagnoses, which can have both advantages and disadvantages, but also discussed whether they should instead focus on another more underlying level, namely the processes that extend across the diagnostic boundaries. The advantages of a trans-diagnostic perspective are that it may partly explain the high co-morbidity found in clinical groups and that could be observed even in those syndromes which this study focuses on. Unified Protocol is a different treatment model that is entered in the study, which is based on a significant phenotypic overlap between anxiety disorders in patients, where individuals with subclinical levels of symptoms still can have a reduced level of functionality and a subjective suffering, although they do not meet all the diagnostic criteria for a specific disorder. The result shows at the opportunity to review the diagnostic boundaries, to increase the chances for a recovery of the patient. The human experiences of different situations it is in the form of personal self-perception of their ability, or inability, to influence the outcome. To experience they have lost control over his own life in itself can lead to both depression that suicidal thoughts / actions. If the symptoms of depression compared with criteria that are to be found during diagnostic image "Post-traumatic stress disorder" in the chapter "disorder" can be found many similarities. The discourse comes to that the similarities in symptoms would provide patients with PTSD, a treatment recommendation, which did not conform to the recommended guidelines that are designed for PTSD. Despite the diagnosis, the similarities are recommended disparate treatment, and also different conditions to work in conjunction with work shown. At this same symptom pictures, yet so different recommended treatment plans based on the different diagnoses, would risk a false rehabilitation plan to be imminent