Thesis (PhD(N.T.)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 392-206).

I läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet (Lpo 94) står det att ”hänsyn skall tas till elevernas olika förutsättningar och behov […] därför kan undervisningen aldrig utformas lika föralla” (Lärarförbundet, 2006:10). I dagens skolor diskuterar pedagoger värdegrund, elevers lika värde och hur viktigt det är att ta tillvara på olikheterna och utgå från varje individs förutsättningar. Det har under en lång period bedrivits forskning kring ämnet inlärningsstilar.Rita & Ken Dunn, Howard Gardner samt Richard Bandler och John Grinder är exempel påbetydelsefulla forskare. Syftet med studien ”Elevers inlärningsstilar i skolan” är att belysa vikten av inlärningsstilar samt hur de införlivas av pedagoger i planeringen och genomförandet avundervisningen. Frågeställningarna är: Hur resonerar pedagoger kring inlärningsstilar iundervisningen? Hur tar pedagoger hänsyn till de olika inlärningsstilarna vid planeringen av bild-, matematik-, och svenskundervisningen? Hur tas de olika inlärningsstilarna i beaktning gällande utformningen av klassrummet? Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom en webbenkät samt intervjuformulär och observationer av lärare och deras klassrum i åldersspår 1-6. Den viktigaste slutsatsen i studien är att lärare idag har en medvetenhet om inlärningsstilar men att de har svårt att tillfredställa alla barns behov på grund av att det inte finns tillräckligt med tid eller resurser.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The upper limbs are constituted by the shoulder, arm, forearm and hand. The shoulder consists of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and shoulder joints. The acromioclavicular joint is stabilized by ligaments and deltoid and trapezius muscles. The ligaments which constitute this joint are the acromioclavicular, coracoacromial and coracoclavicular, which is divided into trapezoid and conoid. The joint can be injured due to the direct fall on shoulder or on extended upper limb and are common in sports with hard contact. The acromioclavicular dislocation is classified into different types and there are specific treatments for each one. The Weaver-Dunn technique is one of the most common and consists in removing the intact coracoacromial ligament of the acromion, followed by its direct attachment to the structure of the clavicle. This technique has disadvantages when compared with others that do not require the transfer of the ligament. This occurs because it is an invasive procedure, require longer surgical time and require a longer period of healing. In this study, the techniques of Weaver-Dunn and coracoclavicular sling were evaluated. In both procedures, sutures are used to replace the coracoclavicular ligaments that have been injured. The analysis of the influence of coracoacromial ligament transfer was performed using three-dimensional models by the finite element method. Here is also investigated the tensile strength of some commercial sutures. Sutures composed by polyblend, as Fiberwire® and HiFi®, showed higher tensile strength than polyester sutures, as Ethibond®. In intact acromioclavicular joint, considering the proposed conditions, the trapezoid ligament showed higher stress values. The distance between the clavicle and the coracoid process showed similar behavior among the techniques evaluated. Thus, considering the simplifications of the models, it was concluded that there would not be a positive influence in the implementation of the transfer of the coracoacromial ligament to stabilize the acromioclavicular joint. To verify the results of this study, it is important the development of new numerical models and clinical research related to surgical techniques assessed. / Os membros superiores são constituídos pelo ombro, o braço, o antebraço e a mão. O ombro é composto pelas articulações esternoclavicular, acromioclavicular e do ombro. A articulação acromioclavicular se estabiliza através dos ligamentos e dos músculos deltóide e trapézio. Os ligamentos que constituem a articulação são o acromioclavicular, o coracoacromial e os coracoclaviculares, trapezóide e conóide. As lesões mais comuns ocorrem devido à queda sobre o ombro ou sobre o membro superior estendido, sendo comuns em esportes de contato. A luxação acromioclavicular é classificada em diferentes tipos e existem tratamentos específicos para cada um deles. A técnica de Weaver-Dunn é uma das mais utilizadas e consiste na retirada do ligamento coracoacromial intacto do acrômio, seguida pela sua fixação direta na estrutura da clavícula. Essa técnica apresenta desvantagens em relação a outras que não necessitam da transferência do ligamento, por ser um procedimento invasivo, demandar maior tempo cirúrgico e necessitar de um maior período de cicatrização. Nesse estudo, foram avaliadas as técnicas de Weaver-Dunn e dos amarrilhos coracoclaviculares. Em ambos os procedimentos, usam-se os fios de sutura para substituir os ligamentos coracoclaviculares rompidos. Analisou-se a influência da transferência do ligamento coracoacromial através de modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos. Além disso, verificou-se a resistência à tração de alguns fios de sutura comerciais. Os fios constituídos de polimistura, como o FiberWire® e o HiFi®, apresentaram maiores valores de resistência à tração do que os fios de poliéster, como o Ethibond®. Para as condições propostas, o ligamento trapezóide apresentou os maiores níveis de tensão na articulação acromiclavicular intacta. A distância entre a clavícula e o processo coracóide apresentou comportamento semelhante entre as técnicas avaliadas. Assim, considerando as simplificações dos modelos, conclui-se que não há influência positiva na realização da transferência do ligamento coracoacromial para a estabilização da articulação acromioclavicular. Para a comprovação dos resultados deste estudo, é importante a realização de novas modelagens numéricas e pesquisas clínicas relacionadas com as técnicas cirúrgicas abordadas. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

No description available.

The vertebrate embryonic limb is a key model in elucidating the genetic basis underlying the three dimensional morphogenesis of structures. Despite the wealth of insights that have been generated from this model, many long-standing questions remain. For example, it has been known for over 70 years that the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the embryonic limb is essential for distal outgrowth and patterning of the adjacent limb mesenchyme. The mechanisms whereby the AER does accomplish outgrowth and patterning are still poorly understood. We propose that secreted FGFs from the AER activate Wnt5a expression in gradient fashion, which in turn provides an instructional cue to direct outgrowth in the direction of increasing Wnt5a expression (i.e. toward the distal tip of the limb). In vivo and in vitro models were used to test this hypothesis. We placed Wnt5a expressing L-cell implants into stage 23 chick limb buds and demonstrate that labeled mesenchyme cells grow toward the source of Wnt5a. Purified Wnt5a soaked heparin bead implants have only a marginal effect on directed growth of the adjacent mesenchyme, whereas a greater effect was seen with beads soaked in Wnt5a conditioned media. Using an in vitro model where cultured limb mesenchyme cells were subjected to a gradient of conditioned Wnt5a media or purified Wnt5a, we show no specific migratory direction. However, clusters of cells tended to move toward the source of Wnt5a indicating that it might be necessary for the cells to be in complete contact to respond to the Wnt5a signal. Taken together, our results suggest that Wnt5a is sufficient to direct limb mesenchyme. This finding has given support to a new model of limb development proposed by our lab and referred to as the Mesenchyme Recruitment Model.

Biotechnology in BC is getting a boost through the Centre for Drug Research and Development, a non-profit organization aimed at driving drug development.

This thesis studies the extensions of the four-valued Belnap-Dunn logic, called super-Belnap logics, from the point of view of abstract algebraic logic. We describe the global structure of the lattice of super-Belnap logics and show that this lattice can be fully described in terms of classes of finite graphs satisfying some closure conditions. We also introduce a theory of so- called explosive extensions and use it to prove new completeness theorems for super-Belnap logics. A Gentzen-style proof theory for these logics is then developed and used to establish interpolation for many of them. Finally, we also study the expansion of the Belnap-Dunn logic by the truth operator ∆. Keywords: abstract algebraic logic, Belnap-Dunn logic, paraconsistent logic, super-Belnap logics

This dissertation is comprised of a collection of poems preceded by a critical preface. The preface reconsiders the value of discontinuous poetic forms and advocates a return to lyric as an antidote to the toxic aspects of what Tony Hoagland terms “the skittery poem of our moment.” I consider poems by Wendy Xu, Kevin Prufer, Sharon Olds, and Stephen Dunn in depth to facilitate a discussion about the value of a more centrist position between the poles of supreme discontinuity and totalizing continuity. Though poets working in discontinuous forms are rightly skeptical of the hierarchies that govern narrative and linear forms, as Czesław Miłosz notes in The Witness of Poetry, “a poet discovers a secret, namely that he can be faithful to real things only by arranging them hierarchically.” In my own poems, I make use of the hierarchies of ordered perception in lyric and narrative forms to faithfully illuminate the collapsed structures of my own family history in the shadow of Detroit. I practice the principles I advocate in the preface, using a continuous form to address fractured realities in a busy, disordered age when poets often seek forms as fragmented as their perceptions. These poems are distinctly American, but because there is no true royalty in America, our great cultural and economic institutions—television, music, film, magazines, and big business—take the place of the castle (the book’s emblem) while Michael Jackson ultimately rises as the commanding dead king whose passing prompts contemplation of the viability of popular culture, family, history, and geography. The fallen structures that litter the work are many: the twin towers, chess rooks, bounce castles, nuclear families, the auto industry. However, the sole structure cohering the whole is that of a lyric voice whose authority is derived through lived experience and presented in rich, continuous poetic forms.

No description available.