Orientador: Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo / Banca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho / Banca: André Luís dos Santos / Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve a preparação, caracterização e as aplicações eletroanalíticas de silsesquioxanos e dendrímeros modificados suportados na superfície da sílica gel. A primeira etapa consistiu em ancorar o silsesquioxano ([H2N(CH2)3]8Si8O12) e o dendrímero Hexadecaamino Poli(propileno)imina (DAB-Am- 16) na superfície da 3-cloropropil sílica gel. Os materiais obtidos, SAC e SD, respectivamente, foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de Infravermelho (FTIR), RMN 29Si e 13C no estado sólido e Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX). A segunda etapa foi interagir o SAC e o SD com íons de Cu2+ e Ni2+ e posterior complexação com substâncias eletroativas, tais como: ferricianeto de potássio e nitroprussiato de sódio formando, dessa forma, os complexos binucleares: CuHCFSAC, NiHCFSAC, CuNPSAC, CuHCFSD, NiHCFSD e CuNPSD que foram caracterizados por Infravermelho (FTIR) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Os espectros na região do Infravermelho dos materiais supracitados exibiram freqüências próximas ou iguais a 2090 cm-1, atribuídas ao estiramento n(C N) característico do hexacianoferrato e nitroprussiato formados na superfície da SAC e SD. Utilizou-se estes materiais na construção do eletrodo de pasta de grafite os quais foram testados na oxidação eletrocatalítica de substâncias biologicamente importantes tais como a dipirona sódica e nitrito de sódio após um rigoroso estudo sobre o comportamento voltamétrico. O eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo o CuHCFSAC exibiu dois pares redox com potenciais médios (Em) de: (Em)1= 0,29 V e (Em)2= 0,72 V vs Ag/AgCl (KCl =1.0 molL-1; v = 20 mV s-1) ambos atribuídos aos processos redox Cu(I)/Cu(II) e [Fe(II)(CN)6]4- / [Fe(III)(CN)6]3-, respectivamente, valores estes bem próximos para o CuHCFSD. Os eletrodos de NiHCFSAC e NiHCFSD exibiram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work describes the preparation, characterization and electroanalytical properties of modified silsesquioxanes and dendrimers supported onto the silica gel surface. The first step was to anchor the silsesquioxane [(H2N(CH2)3] 8Si8O12) and dendrimer Hexadecaamino Poly(propylene)imine (DAB-Am-16) onto the 3-chloropropyl silica gel surface. The materials obtained, SAC and SD, respectively, were characterized by infrared (FTIR), 29Si NMR and 13C solid state and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The second step was interact the SAC and SD with Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions and subsequent complexation with electroactive substances, such as: ferricyanide of potassium and sodium nitroprusside forming binuclear complexes: CuHCFSAC, NiHCFSAC, CuNPSAC, CuHCFSD, NiHCFSD and CuNPSD which were characterized by Infrared (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The spectra in the infrared region of the above materials exhibited frequencies near or equal to 2090 cm-1 assigned to stretching n(C N) characteristic of nitroprusside and hexacyanoferrate formed onto the SD and SAC surface. We used these materials in the construction of carbon paste electrode which were tested in the electrocatalytic oxidation of biologically important substances such as sodium dipyrone and sodium nitrite after a rigorous study about voltammetric behavior. The graphite paste electrode containing CuHCFSAC exhibited two redox couples with midpoint potentials (Em) of: (Em)1 = 0.29 V and (Em)2 = 0.72 V vs. Ag/AgCl (KCl = 1.0 mol L-1, v = 20 mV s-1) both assigned to the redox processes Cu(I)/Cu(II) and [Fe(II)(CN)6]4- / [Fe(III)(CN)6]-3, respectively, values very near to the CuHCFSD. The electrodes of NiHCFSAC and NiHCFSD each exhibited two redox couples with midpoint potentials (Em): (Em)1 = 0.29 V and (Em)2 = 0.51 V vs Ag/AgCl (KCl = 1.0 mol L-1, v = 20 mV s- 1) both... (Summary complete electronic access click below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrieljunior_s_me_ilha.pdf: 1458989 bytes, checksum: 61fbe8b93b56e59134558e478f7ab91e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho descreve a preparação, caracterização e as aplicações eletroanalíticas de silsesquioxanos e dendrímeros modificados suportados na superfície da sílica gel. A primeira etapa consistiu em ancorar o silsesquioxano ([H2N(CH2)3]8Si8O12) e o dendrímero Hexadecaamino Poli(propileno)imina (DAB-Am- 16) na superfície da 3-cloropropil sílica gel. Os materiais obtidos, SAC e SD, respectivamente, foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de Infravermelho (FTIR), RMN 29Si e 13C no estado sólido e Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX). A segunda etapa foi interagir o SAC e o SD com íons de Cu2+ e Ni2+ e posterior complexação com substâncias eletroativas, tais como: ferricianeto de potássio e nitroprussiato de sódio formando, dessa forma, os complexos binucleares: CuHCFSAC, NiHCFSAC, CuNPSAC, CuHCFSD, NiHCFSD e CuNPSD que foram caracterizados por Infravermelho (FTIR) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Os espectros na região do Infravermelho dos materiais supracitados exibiram freqüências próximas ou iguais a 2090 cm-1, atribuídas ao estiramento n(C N) característico do hexacianoferrato e nitroprussiato formados na superfície da SAC e SD. Utilizou-se estes materiais na construção do eletrodo de pasta de grafite os quais foram testados na oxidação eletrocatalítica de substâncias biologicamente importantes tais como a dipirona sódica e nitrito de sódio após um rigoroso estudo sobre o comportamento voltamétrico. O eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo o CuHCFSAC exibiu dois pares redox com potenciais médios (Em) de: (Em)1= 0,29 V e (Em)2= 0,72 V vs Ag/AgCl (KCl =1.0 molL-1; v = 20 mV s-1) ambos atribuídos aos processos redox Cu(I)/Cu(II) e [Fe(II)(CN)6]4- / [Fe(III)(CN)6]3-, respectivamente, valores estes bem próximos para o CuHCFSD. Os eletrodos de NiHCFSAC e NiHCFSD exibiram... / This work describes the preparation, characterization and electroanalytical properties of modified silsesquioxanes and dendrimers supported onto the silica gel surface. The first step was to anchor the silsesquioxane [(H2N(CH2)3] 8Si8O12) and dendrimer Hexadecaamino Poly(propylene)imine (DAB-Am-16) onto the 3-chloropropyl silica gel surface. The materials obtained, SAC and SD, respectively, were characterized by infrared (FTIR), 29Si NMR and 13C solid state and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The second step was interact the SAC and SD with Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions and subsequent complexation with electroactive substances, such as: ferricyanide of potassium and sodium nitroprusside forming binuclear complexes: CuHCFSAC, NiHCFSAC, CuNPSAC, CuHCFSD, NiHCFSD and CuNPSD which were characterized by Infrared (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The spectra in the infrared region of the above materials exhibited frequencies near or equal to 2090 cm-1 assigned to stretching n(C N) characteristic of nitroprusside and hexacyanoferrate formed onto the SD and SAC surface. We used these materials in the construction of carbon paste electrode which were tested in the electrocatalytic oxidation of biologically important substances such as sodium dipyrone and sodium nitrite after a rigorous study about voltammetric behavior. The graphite paste electrode containing CuHCFSAC exhibited two redox couples with midpoint potentials (Em) of: (Em)1 = 0.29 V and (Em)2 = 0.72 V vs. Ag/AgCl (KCl = 1.0 mol L-1, v = 20 mV s-1) both assigned to the redox processes Cu(I)/Cu(II) and [Fe(II)(CN)6]4- / [Fe(III)(CN)6]-3, respectively, values very near to the CuHCFSD. The electrodes of NiHCFSAC and NiHCFSD each exhibited two redox couples with midpoint potentials (Em): (Em)1 = 0.29 V and (Em)2 = 0.51 V vs Ag/AgCl (KCl = 1.0 mol L-1, v = 20 mV s- 1) both... (Summary complete electronic access click below)

[EN] The bidirectional DC-DC converters are being used more frequently in electric power systems. Bidirectional converters allows the incorporation of alternative and renewable energy sources at different voltage levels, by means of new power systems architectures now distributed not only centralized. The converters control is defined by function within the system, especially when there are large differences in voltage levels. It is desirable that the converter provide galvanic isolation, control current and / or voltage at one or both buses, and in some cases provide multi-port bidirectional conversion. One of the topologies with high power density is the single phase Dual Active Bridge (DAB). This thesis presents a study of a single phase DAB phase shifting controlled to meet the requirements of a bidirectional DC-DC converter for storage, parallel operation capability, high power density and fast dynamic response. The modularity of the DAB and the parallel operation arises from the conception of a control loop of Average Current Control (ACC), a double loop that controls the voltage and current of the high voltage side or controls the current and voltage at low voltage side. The dynamic response of a DAB to load steps are improved by means of a feedforward technique based on load current, an additional load-current feedforward control loop. An analytical study of the load-current feed-forward on DAB is presented and validated by means of both simulations and experimental results. The DAB topology exhibits a high input and output AC current ripple, especially at low voltage side. This thesis studies parallel connection by interleaving an average current control, based on two or more modules DAB operated synchronously but shifted in phase, in order to reduce the AC current and the capacitors size. The design has been validated by means of the implementation and testing on a 1 kW DAB converter at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. / [ES] Los convertidores DC-DC bidireccionales se están utilizando con mayor frecuencia en los sistemas de potencia eléctrica. Sus características permiten la incorporación de fuentes de energías alternativas y renovables de diferentes niveles de tensión, así como la propuesta de nuevas arquitecturas ahora distribuidas y no sólo centralizadas en los sistemas de potencia. El control de estos convertidores se realiza según su función dentro del sistema, en especial cuando hay grandes diferencias en los niveles de tensión. Es deseable que el convertidor ofrezca aislamiento galvánico, pueda tener funciones de control de corriente y/o de tensión en uno o en ambos puertos de conexión, y otros incluso tener más de dos puertos de intercambio de potencia eléctrica. Una de las topologías que ofrece la mejor densidad de potencia es la versión monofásica del puente activo dual DAB, de sus siglas del inglés "Dual Active Bridge". Se estudia en esta tesis doctoral un DAB monofásico con control por desplazamiento de fase para satisfacer los requerimientos de un convertidor DC-DC bidireccional con fines de almacenamiento, capacidad de operación en paralelo, alta densidad de potencia y rápida respuesta dinámica. La modularidad del DAB para operación en paralelo se plantea desde la concepción de un lazo de control de la corriente promedio ACC (Average Current Control), un lazo doble que controla la tensión y la corriente del lado de alta tensión ó controla la corriente y la tensión del lado de baja tensión. Para mejorar la dinámica del DAB se incluyó el análisis de una técnica de prealimentación basada en la inyección de la corriente de carga, load current feedforward. Esta mejora brinda una respuesta rápida ante variaciones de la carga. Un inconveniente que presenta el DAB por desplazamiento de fase es el alto rizado en las corrientes en los puertos de entrada y salida, especialmente en el lado de baja tensión. Se estudia para reducir este rizado el interleaving (entrelazado) con control de corriente media, basado en la conexión de dos o más módulos DAB en paralelo con disparos desfasados, logrando reducir el tamaño de los filtros. El diseño se ha validado mediante la construcción y experimentación en dos prototipos de potencia nominal de 1 kW con una frecuencia de conmutación de 100 kHz. / [CAT] Els convertidors DC/DC bidireccionals s'estan emprant amb major freqüència en els sistemes de potencia elèctrica. Les seues característiques permeten la incorporació de fonts d'energia alternatives i renovables de diferents nivells de tensió. També es permet la implementació en els sistemes de potència de les noves arquitectures distribuïdes i no només arquitectures centralitzades. El control d'aquests convertidors es realitza segons la seua funció dins del sistema, especialment quan hi ha grans diferències en els nivells de tensió. Es desitjable que el convertidor oferisca aïllament galvànic. A més pot tindre funcions de control de corrent i/o de tensió en un o ambdós ports de connexió. Altres convertidors poden tindre més de dos ports d'intercanvi de potència. Una de les topologies que proporciona la millor densitat de potència es la versió monofàsica del pont actiu dual DAB, de les seues sigles en anglès Dual Active Bridge. S'estudia en esta tesi doctoral un DAB monofàsic amb control per desplaçament de la fase per satisfer els requeriments d'un convertidor DC-DC bidireccional amb fins de emmagatzemament, capacitat d'operació en paral·lel, alta densitat de potència i ràpida resposta dinàmica. La modularitat del DAB per l'operació en paral·lel es planteja des de la concepció d'un llaç de control de la corrent mitjana ACC (Average Current Control), un llaç doble que controla la tensió i la corrent del costat d'alta tensió o controla la corrent i la tensió del costat de baixa tensió. Per millorar la dinàmica del DAB es va incloure l'anàlisi dúna tècnicade prealimentació basada en la injecció de la corrent de càrrega, LCFF (Load Current FeedForward). Esta millora brinda una resposta ràpida davant de variacions de la càrrega. Un inconvenient que presenta el DAB amb control per desplaçament de fase es l'alt arrissat de les corrents en els ports déntrada i eixida, especialment al costat de baixa tensió S'estudia per a reduir este arrissat l'entrellaçat (interleaving) de les corrents d'eixida amb la connexió dos o més modules DAB en paral·lel, aconseguint reduir la mida dels filtres. El disseny s'ha validat mitjançant la construcció i l'experimentació en dos prototips de potència nominal de 1 kW amb una freqüència de commutació de 100 kHz. / Guacaneme Moreno, JA. (2016). Control de puentes activos duales (DABs) en sistemas bidireccionales de alimentación con alta densidad de potencia [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61627 / TESIS

Master’s thesis is focused on SFN (Single Frequency Network) and MFN (Multi Frequency Network) networks design in digital television broadcasting based on DVB-T standard and digital radio broadcasting based on T-DAB standard. First part of the thesis is focused on the theoretical description of the MPEG-2 TS transmission, its propagation from transmitter across free space, to be decoded in the DVB-T receiver. In the second, practical part of the thesis, basic parameters of a software package for broadcast network design in RadioLab, RadioBase and Sítě SFN are introduced and the results are displayed on the digital terrain map and morphologic map. Within solution of this thesis was created signal coverage model of DVB-T digital transmitters in entire area of the Czech Republic, so called networks no. 1-4, according to its status in spring 2010, and its future expansion, which is known from TPP (Technical Plan of Conversion) document. At the conclusion of thesis there were made experiments with the modeling of transmitters’ radiated power, guard interval selection and location of DVB-T transmitters in the SFN network.

This thesis deals with an analysis of a system called Digital Audio Broadcast and describes its mathematical model created in MATLAB program. In the first part basic blocks of a transmitter and a receiver are analyzed along with their principles. Then different types of transmission channels for static, portable and mobile receivers are described. The second part contains description of the DAB mathematical model itself. Individual blocks are described in the order of the DAB signal path, from the transmitter through the transmission channel to the receiver side. In this part the graphical user interface is also described. In the final part the results of experimental measurements and simulations are presented.

En ökad levervikt kan ge en indikation på toxisk stress hos fiskar. I denna undersökning jämfördes levervikt hos sandskädda (Limanda limanda) kring utsläppsområdet för pappersmassabruket Södra Cell Värö med ett referensområde ca. 10 km norrut. Det togs även lever- och muskelvävnadsprov för en grundläggande undersökning för närvaro av kadmium. Detta då kadmium tidigare har konstaterats i utsläppsvattnet från det berörda bruket och för att denna tungmetall lätt ansamlas i just levern. Totalt undersöktes 290 individer och 56 vävnadsprov togs från 28 av dessa (14 från utsläppsområdet och 14 från referensområdet). Undersökningen kunde påvisa en signifikant skillnad mellan områdena där en högre levervikt återfanns hos fiskarna kring bruket. Denna skillnad tyder på att det finns en förekomst av toxiska ämnen i området. Undersökningen gällande kadmium gav inga signifikanta resultat, trots det kan närvaro av kadmium inte uteslutas. Vi kan inte heller utesluta andra tungmetaller samt dioxiner och PAH (polycykliska aromatiska kolväten), vilka också kan ge upphov till en ökad vikt och skador på lever. / An increased liver weight can be an indicator of toxic stress of fish. In this study, liver weight of common dab (Limanda limanda) from the area around the effluent of the pulp mill Södra Cell Värö and a reference area approx. 10 kilometers north, were compared. Liver and tissue samples for a basic study for the presence of cadmium were also taken. The reason being that cadmium has been proven present in the effluent water in earlier studies and that this is a heavy metal that easily accumulates in the liver. In total 290 individuals were included in the study and 56 tissue samples were taken from 28 of these (14 from each area). A significant difference between the areas was confirmed with the highest liver weight being within the area of the effluent, suggesting a presence of toxic substances. The result from the study regarding cadmium was deemed inconclusive, and the presence can therefore not be ruled out. The presence of other heavy metals, dioxins and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) can also not be ruled out, as they too can cause an increase in liver weight and damage to the liver.

La neurotoxine β-N-méthyl-amino-l-alanine (BMAA) et ses isomères, notamment la N-(2- aminoéthyl glycine) (AEG), la β-amino-N-méthyl alanine (BAMA) et l'acide 2,4- diaminobutyrique (DAB), ont été détectés précédemment dans des échantillons de cyanobactéries. Cependant, il existe des rapports contradictoires concernant leur présence dans les eaux de surface. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué l'impact de l'acide trichloracétique (TCA 0,1M) sur la détection des isomères de BMAA, par rapport aux protocoles préexistants. Une méthode instrumentale sensible a été utilisée pour l'étude, avec des limites de détection de l'ordre de 5-10 ng L-1. Des meilleures limites de détection plus élevés et des niveaux significativement plus importants (test des rangs signés de Wilcoxon appariés, p < 0,001) d'isomères de BMAA ont été observés dans les échantillons traités par le TCA, avec des augmentations relatives allant jusqu'à +725 % pour l'AEG et +1450 % pour le DAB, et des augmentations de concentration absolue allant jusqu'à +15 000 ng L-1 pour l'AEG et +650 ng L-1 pour le DAB. Nous avons également documenté les tendances de la présence des isomères de BMAA dans plusieurs lacs de différents pays tels que le Brésil, le Canada, la France, le Mexique et le Royaume-Uni. Les données obtenues au cours de cette étude (n = 390 provenant de 45 sites d'échantillonnage) indiquent des détections fréquentes des isomères AEG et DAB, avec des taux de détection de 30 % et 43 % et des niveaux maximums de 19 000 ng L-1 et 1 100 ng L-1, respectivement. En revanche, le BAMA a été trouvé dans moins de 8 % des échantillons d'eau, et la BMAA n'a été trouvée dans aucun échantillon. Ces résultats appuient les analyses des cyanobactéries libres, dans lesquelles la BMAA a souvent été détectée avec des concentrations inférieures de 2 à 4 ordres de grandeur à celles de l'AEG et du DAB. Les mesures saisonnières effectuées dans deux lacs impactés par des efflorescences ont indiqué des corrélations limitées entre les isomères de la BMAA et les microcystines totales ou la chlorophylle-a, ce qui mériterait une étude plus approfondie. / The neurotoxic alkaloid β-N-methyl-amino-l-alanine (BMAA) and related isomers, including N-(2-aminoethyl glycine) (AEG), β-amino-N-methyl alanine (BAMA) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), have been reported previously in cyanobacterial samples. However, there are conflicting reports regarding their occurrence in surface waters. In this study, we evaluated the impact of amending lake water samples with trichloroacetic acid (0.1M TCA) on the detection of BMAA isomers, compared with pre-existing protocols. A sensitive instrumental method was enlisted for the survey, with limits of detection in the range of 5-10 ng L-1. Higher detection limits ans significantly greater levels (paired Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests, p < 0.001) of BMAA isomers were observed TCA-amended samples (method B) compared to samples without TCA (method A). The overall range of B/A ratios was 0.67-8.25 for AEG (up to +725 %) and 0.69-15.5 for DAB (up to +1450 %), with absolute concentration increases TCA-amended samples up to +15,000 ng L-1 for AEG and +650 ng L-1 for DAB. We also documented the trends in the occurrence of BMAA isomers for a large breadth of field-collected lakes from Brazil, Canada, France, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Data gathered during this overarching campaign (overall n = 390 within 45 lake sampling sites) indicate frequent detections of AEG and DAB isomers, with detection rates of 30 % and 43 % and maximum levels of 19,000 ng L-1 and 1,100 ng L- 1, respectively. In contrast, BAMA was found in less than 8 % of the water samples, and BMAA not found in any sample. These results support analyses of free-living cyanobacteria, wherein BMAA was often reported at concentrations 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than AEG and DAB. Seasonal measurements conducted at two bloom-impacted lakes indicated limited correlations of BMAA isomers with total microcystins or chlorophyll-a, which deserves further investigation.

La présente thèse est consacrée aux procédures de règlement des litiges en matière de construction internationale appliquant les contrats-types FIDIC en vertu desquels les litiges entre les parties à ces contrats peuvent être réglés par l’ingénieur, le comité de règlement des litiges (CRL), la procédure amiable et l’arbitrage. Sous l’angle du droit, toutes ces procédures sont favorisées. Cependant, il existe une limite. Le droit français distingue, dans la période de garantie des désordres, deux types de responsabilités - légale et contractuelle - de l’entrepreneur envers le maître de l’ouvrage de sorte que les procédures contractuelles ne s’appliquent pas aux litiges relatifs aux désordres relevant de la responsabilité légale. Cette limite n’existe pas en droit anglais et vietnamien selon lesquels tous litiges relatifs à la responsabilité de l’entrepreneur envers le maître de l’ouvrage pour des dommages de l’ouvrage relèvent de la responsabilité contractuelle et sont donc soumis à la procédure contractuelle. Quant à l’application de chaque procédure, la question la plus notable tient à la mise à exécution des décisions résultant de chaque procédure. Sur ce point, la reconnaissance de la valeur arbitrale dans la décision du DAB doit être considérée. En outre, pour que ces procédures soient efficaces dans la pratique, nous proposons à la FIDIC la modification de certaines stipulations autour de cette procédure et également de la procédure amiable de règlement des litiges. Quant à l’arbitrage, dans le contexte actuel, il n’est plus de mise de penser que l’arbitrage en droit et celui en équité ne sont qu’une alternative. On peut les combiner en vue de l’arbitrage en équité précédent et celui en droit subséquent. Dans le cas d’absence de convention des parties sur le droit applicable aux litiges, la primauté de l’arbitrage en équité au lieu de celui en droit mérite d’être considérée. Hormis ce problème, nous recherchons aussi un nouveau fondement pour reconnaître la jurisprudence arbitrale internationale selon lequel on reconnaît le droit des parties ainsi que des arbitres de se référer à la solution d’une sentence précédente dans le cas similaire lorsque les conditions pour appliquer une jurisprudence sont réunies. De surcroît, il convient de porter l’attention sur la détermination de la compétence du tribunal arbitral à l’égard du tiers-non signataire du contrat. Enfin, l’annulation de la sentence entraîne ipso facto la nullité de la clause d’arbitrage comme en droit vietnamien où cette disposition inadéquate nécessite d’être modifiée. / The subject of this thesis deals with international construction dispute settlement procedures stipulated in the FIDIC standard forms of contracts under which disputes between the parties to these contracts may be settled by the Engineer, the Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB), the amicable mechanism and arbitration.From the standpoint of law, these procedures are favored. However, there is a limit under French law. This limit lies in the fact that French law distinguishes, after handing over of the works, between two kinds of - legal and contractual - responsibilities of the contractor towards the employer. In this way, the contractual procedures do not apply to disputes relating to correct defective works which are relevant to legal liability of the contractor, which does not exist in English and Vietnamese laws where the contractor is only responsible towards the employer for damage to the work under the contract and so disputes between them has to be settled by the contractual procedure.In application of the contractual procedures, attention should be paid to the implementation of the decision from these procedures. On this point, the arbitral nature of DAB’s decision must be considered so that it can be rapidly enforced. In addition, in order to make these procedures effective in practice, we also propose that the FIDIC should modify certain points of the “claim, Dispute and Arbitration” clause.As far as arbitration is concerned, in the actual context, it is no longer correct to think that ex aequo and bono arbitration and arbitration in law are only an alternative but we can combine them for the purpose of previous fairness arbitration and subsequently the arbitration in law. In the absence of the parties' agreement on the rules of law to be applied by the arbitral tribunal, the tribunal shall assume the powers of an amiable compositor. Apart from this problem, we also seek a new basis for recognizing the precedent value of the international arbitral award according to which the right of the parties as well as arbitrators to refer to the solution of a previous award in the similar case is recognized when the conditions to apply a precedent are met. In addition, attention should be paid to the determination of the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal towards the third-party non signatory to the arbitration clause. Finally, the setting aside of the award lead ipso facto to nullity of the arbitration clause as in Vietnamese law is an inadequate provision of the law that requires modification.

The aim of this work is to design a microprocessor-controlled multimode VHF radio can receive AM, FM and DAB. The first step is to become familiar with digital radio broadcasting DAB and RDS. Then we can proceed to the design of the receiver circuit solution using modern component base. Next it is necessary to write utility software and construct a prototype of receiver, verify its functionality and parameters. The result of the work is the multi-mode VHF broadcasting receiver controlled using touch screen display and supported by web management.

Ces travaux de thèse consistent en la conception et la réalisation d’une chaîne de tractionintégrée pour véhicule hybride plug-in. L’étude s’oriente vers une solution de convertisseur mutualisé,dans l’objectif de partager la traction et les modes chargeurs de batteries, la structure en NPC à 3niveaux est retenue. Le chargeur monophasé se base une topologie de redresseur à MLI monophaséavec trois bras entrelacés, avec l’utilisation des enroulements du moteur pour le filtrage. En chargeurtriphasé nous adaptons la topologie pour réaliser un montage en double boost triphasé. Pour chaqueconfiguration, les passifs sont dimensionnés pour répondre aux contraintes en courant BF et HF. Lecontrôle adopté se base sur les correcteurs résonants. Enfin, un prototype de 5 kW a été réalisé pourvalider les différents modes de l’application.Dans une seconde partie, nous proposons une solution de chargeur isolé sans étage continu auprimaire à double ponts actifs (DAB). La topologie est modélisée au premier harmonique et unecommande assurant l’absorption sinusoïdale est étudiée. Une configuration isolée triphasée permetl’accès aux puissances plus élevées ainsi que la réduction des ondulations de courant BF en sortie. / This thesis consists on the design and realization of a plug-in hybrid vehicle integrated tractiondrive supply. The work turns to a solution of a mutualized converter, in the objective to imagine asolution which shared drive and battery chargers modes, the three-level NPC topology has beenretained. The single phase charger is based on an interleaved PWM rectifier, and motor windings areused as smoothing inductors. A double-boost PFC configuration is introduced to ensure the threephasecharger. Passives are sized in each configuration in order to take in account the whole currentconstraints (LF and HF). The PFC behavior is based on the resonant controllers. Then, a 5 kWprototype has been realized to validate the different application modes.In a second part, a single-stage isolated charger based on a Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) isproposed. The topology is modeled to the fundamental and the PFC control law is studied. A threephaseconfiguration is simulated in order to achieve higher charging powers and to reduce batterycurrent low-frequency ripple.