在自用小客車綜合損失險之費率釐定過程中，可信度因子為極重要的指標，所謂可信度因子，是指給予經驗資料之權數。本文主要內容如下：一、概略性的闡釋汽車綜合損失險之費率釐定，包括汽車綜合損失險之費率結構與保費計算。二、探討汽車綜合損失險之損失分配，提出損失分配之假設與其參數之估計方法，以及各項假設之檢定方法。三、闡釋可信度之計算方法，內容包括傳統信賴區間之可信度理論、已知損失分配之貝氏可信度理論以及迴歸分析之可信度理論。本文所提的的理論結果，皆得自於嚴謹的數理推導，以及蒐集相關資料作為實証分析。其中傳統信賴區間之可信度理論及迴歸分析之可信度理論，皆是本文所創見，足供業界今後釐定費率時之參考。

The purpose of this work is to analyze this territory from the point of the incidence of life-threatening and property-threatening incidents. The theoretical port contains all individually described kinds of insurance that eliminate the incurred losses. The practical part is reserved for specified and acknowledged risk of South Bohemia Region. Then possible arrangements are proposed leading to minimalizing of losses that may incur as a result of these risks. The practical part is closed by comparison of elected insurance products of four insurance companies. It concerns following sorts of insurance: insurance contents, insurance of buildings, insurance against damage in common civilian life, insurance against loss and damage resulting from the possession of buildings, the motor third party liability insurance and accident insurance. Every insurance company has its own general insurance conditions for its insurance products. In this part the differences in insurance conditions among the insurance companies are described. In conclusion the evaluation of gained results is presented.

Theoretical part’s opening describes brief history of manufacturing of windshields and glass in general. Further in this part, key parameters and additional features are described as well as manufacturing processes of a modern windshield. Moreover, homologation procedure is clarified. The main focus of this thesis is technical description of typical damage of car’s windshield and investigation of its root causes, which may help to reveal insurance fraud. The thesis also outlines alternative way, which can be used to recover damaged windshield or, if necessary, to replace it.

自1999年以來，台灣汽車車體損失險的投保率下降且損失率逐年上升，與強制第三責任險損失率逐年下降形成強烈對比，理論上若按個人風險程度計收保費，吸引價格認同的被保險人加入並對高風險者加費，則可提高投保率並且確保損失維持在合理範圍內。基於上述背景，本文採用國內某產險公司1999至2002年汽車車體損失保險資料為依據，探討過去保費收入與未來賠款支出的關係，在滿足不偏性的要求下，尋求降低預測誤差變異數的方法。 研究結果顯示：車體損失險存在保險補貼。以最小誤差估計法計算的新費率，可以改善收支不平衡的現象，但對於應該減費的低風險保戶，以及應該加費的高高風險保戶，以類神經網路推計的加減費系統具有較大加減幅度，因此更能有效的區分高低風險群組，降低不同危險群組間的補貼現象，並在跨年度的資料中具有較小的誤差變異。 / In the past five years, the insured rate of Automobile Material Damage Insurance (AMDI) has been declined but the loss ratio is climbing, in contrast to the decreasing trend in the loss ratio of the compulsory automobile liability insurance. By charging corresponding premium based on individual risks, we could attract low risk entrant and reflect the highly risk costs. The loss ratio can thus be modified to a reasonable level. To further illustrate the concept, we aim to take the AMDI to study the most efficient estimator of the future claim. Because the relationship of loss experience (input) and future claim estimation (output) is similar to the human brain performs. We can analyze the relation by minimum bias procedure and artificial neural network, reducing error with overall rate level could go through with minimum error of classes or individual, demonstrated using policy year 1999 to 2002 data. According to the thesis, cross subsidization exists in Automobile Material Damage Insurance. The new rate produced by minimum bias estimate can alleviate the unbalance between the premium and loss. However the neural network classification rating can allocate those premiums more fairly, where ‘fairly’ means that higher premiums are paid by those insured with greater risk of loss and vice-versa. Also, it is the more efficient than the minimum bias estimator in the panel data.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Moraes Goncalves.pdf: 2154021 bytes, checksum: 86a5747d3bda29b3b2db8a263e9f0aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-23 / The purpose of this Master's dissertation is to analyze a type of insurance contract ¬ that is becoming increasingly important in Brazil and the world, and that is sti11little 'explored by the doctrine and mistakenly interpreted by case law: the Consumer credit insurance. This type of insurance guarantees the payment of a debt of the insured person, or part thereof, in case of the occurrence of an event covered by the policy agreed upon. The consumer credit insurance is developed within the scope ofthe Consumer Society and one ofits focal points is precisely the credit, assisting in maintaining the status quo of the social structure, by making possible a significant reduction in the risk of default in the concession of credit, thus fulfilling, an important sgcial function. The analysis therefore is not Rossible, without a theoretical overflight on the socioeconomic reality that justified the creation and development of the consumer credit insurance. Furthermore, with the aim of establishing the foundations for the interpretation of this contract, the work focuses on an analysis of the insurance transaction, addressing key issues inc1udingtransindividual interests, the entrepreneurship of the insurance activity, the commutativeness of the contract and the; interest as a legalIy protected asset, as welI as a brief digression on the legal framework of the insurance contracts and legal matters conceming their legal c1assification. The work finalIy analyzes the consumer contract insurance itself, exploring all the components, coverage provided, interests involved, the practices of the insurance market in the pre-contractual stage, the completion and execution to, at the end, offer a new insight into their legal nature, aiming to contribute to the doctrine and national jurisprudence for a better understanding of this contractual model. / A presente dissertação de mestrado possui o objetivo de analisar uma modalidade de contrato de seguro que ganha cada vez mais importância no Brasil e no mundo, e que ainda é pouco explorado pela doutrina e equivocadamente interpretado pela Jurisprudência: o seguro prestamista. Essa modalidade de seguro garante o pagamento de uma dívida do segurado, ou de 'parte dela, em caso da ocorrência de uma dos eventos cobertos pelo contrato. O seguro "" prestamista se desenvolve no âmbito da Sociedade de Consumo, que tem como um de seus eixos justamente o crédito ao consumo, auxiliando na manutenção do st'atus quo da estrutura quo da estrutura social, ao possibilitar sensível diminuição do risco de inadimplência nos contratos de concessão de crédito, cumprindo, assim, importante função social. Impossível a análise, portanto, sem um sobrevoo teórico sobre a realidade socioeconômico que justificou a criação I e o desenvolvimento do seguro prestamista. Além disso, com intuito de estabelecer premissas para a interpretação deste contrato, buscou-se realizar uma análise da operação de seguros, passando por questões essenciais como a transindividualidade de interesses, a empresarialidade da atividade seguradora, a comutatividade e o interesse como bem juridicamente tutelado pelo seguro, assim como por breve digressão sobre o marco lega1 dos contratos de seguro e questões relativas à classificação jurídica dos mesmos. O trabalho, por fim, irá analisar o contrato de seguro prestamista propriamente dito, explorando as partes que o integram, as coberturas prestadas, os interesses envolvidos, as práticas do mercado de seguro na fase pré-contratual, em sua conclusão e execução, para, ao final, propor uma nova visão sobre sua natureza jurídica, visando contribuir com a doutrina e jurisprudência pátria para melhor compreensão desta figura contratual.

The diploma thesis is focused on the motor damage and the motor third party liability insurance profitability evaluation of the czech insurance market. In the first part both the czech market devolopment and the current law-making issues with the evaluation of the czech market key indicators are briefly described. Next part of the thesis is focused on the non life insurance market quantitative characteristic in the period from 2003 to 2015. Next part of the thesis deals with the motor damage and the motor third party liability insurance characteristics. In the last two chapters the thesis examines the motor damage and the motor third party liability market with the following evaluation of their profitability by using the combined ratio indicator.

En assurance de dommages, l’article 2474 C.c.Q. prévoit la possibilité pour l’assureur d’être légalement subrogé dans les droits de l’assuré contre l’auteur du préjudice, à concurrence des indemnités qu’il a payées. L’assureur ne pourra jamais être subrogé contre les personnes faisant partie de la maison de l’assuré. Dans un premier temps, le présent mémoire fait un survol historique du droit à la subrogation de l’assureur en vertu du Code civil. Depuis la codification de 1865, les principes relatifs à la subrogation de l’assureur ne sont pas demeurés statiques. Ils firent l’objet de plusieurs modifications législatives et de nombreuses controverses et développements jurisprudentiels. Dans un deuxième temps, un portrait global de l’état actuel du droit est dressé en ce qui concerne l’article 2474 C.c.Q., tant sur le plan des composantes du droit à la subrogation que de ses aspects procéduraux. / In damage insurance, article 2474 C.c.Q. provides the possibility for the insurer to be legally subrogated to the rights of the insured against the person responsible for the loss, up to the amount of indemnity paid. The insurer may never be subrogated against persons who are members of the household of the insured. Firstly, the present Master’s thesis makes a historical overview of the right of subrogation of the insurer under the Civil Code. Since the codification of 1865, the principles governing the insurer’s subrogation have not remained static. They were subject of many legislative amendments and numerous controversies and case law developments. Secondly, a global portrait of the current state of law is made in relation to article 2474 C.c.Q., with regard to the components of the subrogation and its procedural aspects.

1.Summary - review in English The above-mentioned work comprises of two basic issues that are connected together, namely commentary on Insurance Policy Act as general introduction into the field of insurance policies and consequent and special issue of legal expenses insurance interpretation. The basic meaning of it was to introduce not only the provisons concerning insurance policies, but also to show one of the insurance policies type in details, what could be hardly possible or satisfactory without preceding description of the Insurance Policy Act. Thus, complete summary of this work will be divided into two parts; first would be the part concerning Insurance Policy Act and second would be the part concerning legal expenses insurance. 1.1.Insurance Policy Act - Summary The first part of this work concerned, as mentioned above, the Insurance Policy Act, whereas my primary aim was to interpret provisions of this act that were worth it and point out namely on imperfections of the existing legislature. It wasn't and wouldn't be of any significant value just to copy and paste individual provisions of the act, therefore, this work aimed primarily on introduction of new ideas and as a basis for that served a confrontation with the actual wording and its interpretation, whereas plain consent with what was...