Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Indiana University School of Dentistry Indiana University Endodontic Department / The residual antibacterial effects of antimicrobials used in endodontic regeneration against biofilm bacteria obtained from immature and mature teeth Jordon C. Jacobs DDS, Richard L Gregory PhD, Ygal Ehrlich DMD, Kenneth Spolnik DDS, MS, Josef S. Bringas DMD, DDS, MS, and Ghaeth Yassen BDS, MSD, PhD We explored the residual antibacterial properties of dentin pretreated with low concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) against biofilm bacteria obtained from different clinical sources. Dentin blocks were sterilized and randomized into 4 treatment groups and 2 control groups (n=20). Blocks from treatment groups were pretreated with DAP (1 or 5 mg/ml) loaded into methylcellulose, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), or methylcellulose paste. After one week, the treatment pastes were removed and all blocks were immersed in PBS. The dentin blocks from treatment groups and one of the control groups were then inoculated with bacterial isolates obtained from immature or mature teeth with pulpal necrosis(n=10). The remaining control group received no bacteria and was used as a sterile control. Blocks were then incubated anaerobically for 3 weeks. Biofilm disruption assays were conducted for all samples. Two-way ANOVA and pair-wise comparisons were used for statistical analyses. The residual antibacterial effect of dentin pretreated with 5 mg/ml of DAP was significantly higher than all other groups regardless of the source of biofilm. Dentin pretreated with 1 mg/ml of DAP demonstrated significantly higher residual antibacterial effects in comparison to dentin pretreated with placebo paste and Ca(OH)2 only in bacterial isolates obtained from mature teeth with pulpal necrosis. Dentin pretreated with Ca(OH)2 did not demonstrate any residual antibacterial effects. Dentin pretreated with 1 or 5 mg/ml of DAP demonstrated significantly better residual antibacterial effects against biofilm bacteria obtained from mature teeth with pulpal necrosis in comparison to bacterial isolates obtained from immature teeth with pulpal necrosis.

We investigated the antibacterial effect of low concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) loaded into a methylcellulose system against bacterial biofilms obtained from mature and immature teeth with necrotic pulps. Standardized radicular dentin specimens were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 20). Group 1: 5mg/mL DAP treatment. Group 2: 1mg/mL DAP treatment. Group 3: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) treatment. Group 4: Methylcellulose. Group 5: No treatment. Group 6: No bacteria or treatment. Clinical bacterial isolates were obtained from mature and immature teeth with necrotic pulps indicated for endodontic regeneration or routine endodontic treatment, respectively. Specimens in each group were inoculated with either bacterial isolates (n = 10) and incubated anaerobically for 3 weeks. Specimens were then treated for one week with the assigned group treatment. Treatments were rinsed with sterile saline and biofilms were detached and spiral plated using biofilm disruption assays. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests followed by pair-wise comparisons were used for statistical analyses. Treatment of infected dentin with 1 mg/ml of DAP, 5 mg/mL of DAP, and Ca(OH)2 demonstrated significant and substantial antibiofilm effects in comparison to untreated control groups or groups treated with placebo paste. Furthermore, 1 mg/mL of DAP caused complete eradication of biofilm obtained from mature tooth with necrotic pulp. However, the same concentration was not able to completely eradicate biofilm obtained from the immature tooth with necrotic pulp. Low concentrations of DAP (1-5 mg/mL) loaded into a biocompatible methylcellulose system demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against biofilm obtained from both mature and immature teeth with necrotic pulps.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Atherosclerosis preferentially develops in vascular regions of low or disturbed flow and high spatial gradients. Endothelial cells that line the vessel walls actively participate in translating mechanical stimuli, shear stress due to fluid flow, into intracellular signals to regulate cellular activities. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease. During its development, a cascade of inflammatory signals alters the arterial endothelial homeostatic functions. Death-associated protein (DAP) kinase and its correlated pathway have been associated with cell apoptosis, turnover, and cytoskeleton remodeling in cellular networks, ultimately leading to changes in cell motility and vascular wall permeability. DAP-kinase is also highly regulated by inflammatory triggers such as TNF-α. This thesis investigates DAP-kinase modulation due to shear stress, and the role of DAP-kinase activity in endothelial responses toward applied shear stress. Using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), DAP-kinase expression is demonstrated in both sheared (10 dynes/cm2) and static conditions. Overall DAPK expression increased with extended shearing, while the presence of phosphorylated DAPK decreased with applied shear stress, as demonstrated in Western blot analysis. In correlation, DAPK RNA expression profiles were explored to understand pre-translational behavior and to understand just how shear stress influences DAPK expression over time. There is a temporal increase in DAPK mRNA, occurring at earlier time points when compared to DAPK protein expression, displaying the precedence of mRNA expression leading to increased translation into protein. From our apoptosis assay results, shear stress reduces apoptotic and late stage/necrotic cell fractions. The exposure of shear stress potentially plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis activation and TNF-α induced death cascade. Overall, the apoptosis activity influenced by shear further exhibits a possible connection between shear stress and apoptosis inhibition. The shear stress ultimately decreases overall apoptosis, while DAPK expression is increased. Therefore, DAPK may have a function in other possible mechano-transduction cascades, when endothelial cells are exposed to constant shear. Our data suggests shear stress modulation of DAP-kinase expression and activity, and the potential crosstalk of mechano-transduction and DAPK/apoptosis pathway, may lead to further understanding the responsibility of DAPK in endothelial cell function.

No description available.

Lavender is an important medicinal plant that is sensitive to various environmental factors. Lavender essential oils have been shown to improve human health in response to many diseases. Lavender is grown all over the world, which indicates its ability to adapt to different climates. There are no reports of its commercial cultivation in Mississippi. It has been proven that there are many factors that directly affect the plant growth and concentration of essential oils in lavender. Studying these factors that affect plant growth and essential oils will be beneficial for lavender producers. The aim of this study is to increase the production of essential oil through cultural techniques and analyze the active compounds of three Lavandula species (L. intermedia, L. angustifolia, L. stoechas) using HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography, Mass spectrometer) technology. Applications of gibberellic acid, iron chelate, Mycorrhizae, humic acid, DAP, and potash fertilizer were studied to promote plant growth and production of essential oils. The essential oils were extracted using a Soxhlet distillation. The quantity and quality of the essential oils was also evaluated using HPLC and GC-MS. The linalool, linalyl acetate, and other compounds from Lavandula may be considered natural raw material source for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. These vital components of the essential oil of lavender leaves, flowers, and stems (linalool, linalyl, and other compounds) were affected by chelated iron treatments, gibberellin, humic acid, and mycorrhizae. The essential oil compounds of L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia cultivars make them worth cultivating.

The intent of this study was to determine what understanding and knowledge parents had of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). The study examined whether the beliefs of parents who enrolled their children in a National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) accredited program had any impact on their expectations for a philosophy and curriculum that is centered around DAP. In addition, the study examined whether parents' understanding of DAP changed when their children transitioned from infant and toddler programs, to preschool. The study group consisted of parents with children in two privately owned NAEYC accredited centers in 1998 (N=131). Results from parent reports indicated a high level of parent knowledge regarding DAP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA008.pdf: 3688775 bytes, checksum: 4a40e070e65e6367243d2ef1f2414666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper aimed to automatic extract crowns of Araucaria angustifolia using LiDAR data and indirectly obtain dendrometric variables. To conduct the project, a LiDAR point cloud was used with an average density of 7 points/m², located in the city of Painel in Santa Catarina. Four subareas were selected so that only isolated trees would be considered. The laser scanning survey was conducted by the company Aeroimagem S/A from Curitiba, in January 2011 using a Leica ALS-60 system. In the fieldwork, isolated trees of A. angustifolia were measured to give the DBH, total height and 4 crown radius in the direction of the cardinal points. The fieldwork occurred in September and August 2013. To delineate the crowns, it was employed the segmentation methodology of Thiessen polygons. Each segment was measured in order to obtain the canopy diameter for each tree. For the calculation of dendrometric variables, linear regression was used to obtain the DBH as a function of the crown diameter. The total height was obtained directly from LiDAR data. Because of the seasonality between the LiDAR survey and fieldwork, it was necessary to apply a correction in LiDAR data using increment data of the species. Segmentation by Thiessen polygons reached an accuracy ranging between 75.2% and 91.7%. Estimating the 14 DBH the difference between the field was 3,1mm. For total height 0,19m was the difference between the data field and the LiDAR. Using the proposed methodology, it was possible to perform the measurement of the crowns of A. angustifolia and estimate dendrometric variables with satisfactory accuracy / Este trabalho tem como objetivo a medição automática de copas de Araucaria angustifolia utilizando dados LiDAR e indiretamente a obtenção de variáveis dendrométricas. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se uma nuvem de pontos LiDAR com uma densidade média de 7 pontos/m², localizada no município de Painel em Santa Catarina. Quatro subáreas foram selecionadas para que fosse possível trabalhar apenas com árvores isoladas. O levantamento por varredura a LASER foi efetuado pela empresa Aeroimagem S/A de Curitiba, em janeiro de 2011 utilizando um sistema Leica ALS-60. No levantamento a campo, foram medidas árvores isoladas de A. angustifolia obtendo-se o DAP, altura total e 4 raios da copa na direção dos pontos cardeais. O levantamento à campo ocorreu em setembro e agosto de 2013. Para o delineamento das copas foi empregada a metodologia de segmentação de polígonos de Thiessen. Para o cálculo das variáveis dendrométricas, foi utilizado regressão linear para obter o DAP em função do diâmetro da copa. A altura pôde ser obtida diretamente dos dados LiDAR. Devido a sazonalidade entre o levantamento LiDAR e a coleta de dados a campo, foi necessário aplicar uma correção nos dados LiDAR utilizando dados de incremento da espécie. A segmentação por 12 polígonos de Thiessen atingiu uma acurácia que variou entre 75,2% e 91,7%. Na estimativa do DAP chegou-se a uma diferença de 3,1mm em relação ao campo. Para a altura total, 0,19m foi a diferença entre os dados a campo e o LiDAR. Utilizando a metodologia proposta, foi possível realizar a medição das copas de A. angustifolia e estimar as variáveis dendrométricas com precisão satisfatória

The aim of the present study was to assess the productivity and growth rate of three native species (Cabralea canjerana, Cedrela fissilis and Cordia trichotoma), with supposedly productive and economic potential, in unmanaged native forest fragments of Vale Vêneto district, in São João do Polêsine, a town in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In 1994, 346 permanent observation plots were randomly installed by Durlo (1996) in the forests of Vale Vêneto. In these plots, there were, among other species, 146 Cabralea canjerana, 117 Cedrela fissilis and 46 Cordia trichotoma trees. The occurring species were identified around each of the selected trees; the diameter at breast height (DBH), the distance between neighboring trees (co-occurring species) and the selected ones (subject species), and basal area per hectare were measured; in addition, the site characteristics were described, and eight crown radii were measured in order to determine productivity. Between 1995 and 2003, the increments in DBH and in basal area (g), competition indices, and morphometric parameters were calculated for each of the three selected species. The model ig = f (a + b. dimension + c. competition + d. site + e. morphometry) was used to describe the increment in basal area. The dependence of increment upon competition was tested using competition indices. Easily determined site parameters were assessed around each selected tree, namely relief, slope gradient, stone cover, and cardinal direction. The morphometric parameters (crown ratio, degree of slenderness, saliency measure, range measure and crown formal measure were calculated using dimensional characteristics (DBH, total height, length, diameter, and eight crown radii). The major results show that the largest basal area increments were observed for Cedrela fissilis, Cabralea canjerana and Cordia trichotoma, respectively. However, this difference was not statistically confirmed. There was no significant difference in productivity across the analyzed species. The three species demonstrate a growing and regular basal area increment on an annual basis as their DBH increases. The inflection points of growth curves were not reached, which indicates the necessity of further research studies that include trees with larger DBH. The regression analysis allowed selecting the mathematical models that best describe the basal area increment and productivity of each species. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de se conhecer a produtividade e o ritmo de crescimento de três espécies nativas (Cabralea canjerana, Cedrela fissilis e Cordia trichotoma), as quais acreditou-se terem potencial produtivo e econômico, em fragmentos florestais nativos não-manejados do distrito de Vale Vêneto, no Município de São João do Polêsine, situado na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. No ano de 1994, foram instaladas por Durlo (1996), aleatoriamente, 346 unidades amostrais de observação permanente nas florestas de Vale Vêneto. Nessas unidades amostrais, foram encontradas, entre outras, as três espécies objeto desse estudo, respectivamente, 146 canjeranas, 117 cedros e 46 louros. No entorno de cada uma das árvores selecionadas, foram identificadas as espécies ocorrentes, medidos os diâmetros à altura do peito (DAP s), medidas as distâncias das árvores circundantes (concorrentes) até as árvores selecionadas (concorridas), determinada a área basal por hectare, caracterizados os sítios circundantes e medidos oito raios de projeção de copa para a determinação da produtividade. Para as três espécies selecionadas, individualmente, no período de 1995 a 2003, foram calculados os incrementos em DAP e em área basal (g), índices de concorrência e índices morfométricos. Para a descrição do incremento em área basal de cada uma das espécies, foi utilizado o seguinte modelo: ig = f (a + b.dimensão + c.concorrência + d.sítio + e.morfometria). A dependência do incremento em relação à concorrência foi testada por meio de índices de concorrência. Ao redor de cada árvore estudada, foram observadas variáveis definidoras de sítio de fácil determinação como o relevo, a inclinação, a pedregosidade e a exposição. Utilizando-se as características dimensionais (DAP, altura total, comprimento, diâmetro e oito raios de copa), foram calculados os índices morfométricos: proporção de copa, grau de esbeltez, índice de saliência, índice de abrangência e índice formal de copa. Os principais resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: os incrementos mais altos em área basal foram observados, respectivamente, para Cedrela fissilis, Cabralea canjerana e Cordia trichotoma. Porém, essa diferença não foi comprovada estatisticamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas de produtividade entre as espécies. As espécies estudadas têm incremento periódico anual em área basal ascendente à medida que apresentam maiores DAP s. Ainda não foram atingidos os pontos de inflexão das curvas de incremento, o que induz à realização de novos estudos sobre o tema, que incluam árvores de maiores DAP s. Mediante a análise de regressão, selecionaram-se os modelos matemáticos que melhor descrevem o incremento em área basal e a produtividade de cada espécie.

In this dissertation, I develop and apply an original voice-leading method to the music of Shostakovich. Between the years of 1926 and 1948, his music involved extreme chromaticism that required analytical views from both Russia and the West. In the mid-twentieth century, Russian theorists such as Lev Mazel' and Alexandr Dolzhansky wrote about the modal language of Shostakovich's works, but their writings lacked how to identify them within extremely chromatic passages. In the West, scholars describe his music as both tonal and atonal, sometimes combined within one work. I unify these two views with my voice-leading system consisting of an intervallic resolution of the doubly augmented prime (DAP), which appears seemingly random on the musical surface, but occurs for specific compositional reasons. First mentioned by name in Aleksei Ogolevets' 1946 "An Introduction into Contemporary Musical Thought," the DAP served no harmonic or modal purpose. While Ogolevets mentions and includes examples that show this interval, he does not discuss its resolutions nor how it functions in musical contexts. This structure, however, has broader conceptual and analytical implications. Therefore, I develop a method based on the voice leading and semitonal resolutions of the DAP, which I apply to the music of Shostakovich. The DAP contributes to his compositional style by functioning in three ways: 1) identifying one mode or two simultaneous modes, 2) completing traditional triadic harmonies, and 3) facilitating both tonal and modal modulations.

Researchers have extensively studied the experiences and potential consequences of being a child whose parent has a mental illness (COPMI). However, there is no consensus on the best way to support these children, in general or in schools. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the effects of parental mental illness on children by using an ecological approach. Researchers have used ecological theory to illustrate the importance of internal characteristics, skills, and supports for children to enhance resiliency. This study looked at whether COPMI differed significantly from the children of parents of parents with no current or past mental illness (NonCOPMI) on the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). The study also looked at whether there was a significant difference in the change in DAP scores for the COPMI compared to the NonCOPMI over time. A secondary data analysis of DAP survey results was performed and SPSS v.23.0 (IBM, 2015) software was used to complete one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA on DAP scores. COPMI reported lower DAP levels than NonCOPMI, and this difference was statistically significant in some areas of Internal Assets and Social and Community contexts. These findings suggest that COPMI may be challenged in these areas and are in line with previous findings regarding the challenges that COPMI may face and supports the continued use of ecological theory. By utilizing the DAP survey, specific areas where COPMI may benefit from additional supports can help professionals promote resilience among children. Proactive efforts like this, especially in schools, where increasing attention is being paid to mental health education, may contribute to positive social change.