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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Boas práticas administrativo-pedagógicas que colaboram para o desempenho dos alunos de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental do estado de São Paulo no IDEB / Good administrative and pedagogical practices that contribute to student performance of municipal elementary schools in the state of São Paulo in IDEB

Jonas Ferreira 16 July 2015 (has links)
Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a influência das práticas administrativo-pedagógicas que podem colaborar para o desempenho dos alunos de escolas públicas municipais do ensino fundamental do estado de São Paulo no IDEB. Para isso foi realizado uma adaptação da metodologia proposta por Salgado Junior (2013) que envolveu a realização de uma pesquisa de abordagem quali-quantitativa, dividida em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na aplicação da técnica DEA em 1.298 escolas públicas municipais do estado de São Paulo, cuja finalidade foi identificar as escolas eficientes em transformar investimento financeiro, nível socioeconômico e infraestrutura em desempenho no IDEB. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de um estudo de múltiplos casos, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e observação assistemática nas cinco escolas eficientes identificadas pela técnica DEA e em cinco escolas ineficientes (com escore DEA inferior a 0,80) escolhidas por possuírem características semelhantes e estarem localizadas nos mesmos municípios das escolas eficientes. A análise dos resultados, apresentados nos estudos de caso, revelou a existência de 23 práticas administrativo-pedagógicas que apresentam evidências de ter influenciado o desempenho dos alunos no IDEB. Os resultados indicam que a participação da família na vida escolar do filho, assim como a cobrança da comunidade perante o Diretor pode contribuir para melhoria no desempenho dos alunos no IDEB. A preparação específica para a Prova Brasil, a rotatividade de Professores nas disciplinas de Português e Matemática e o sistema disciplinar também foram práticas identificadas nesta pesquisa que podem contribuir para o desempenho dos alunos. Por fim, os resultados encontrados nessa pesquisa podem ser utilizados para definição sobre a destinação dos recursos financeiros por parte da SME e orientar os Diretores na gestão dos processos administrativo-pedagógico da escola, a fim de promover uma melhoria no desempenho dos alunos no IDEB / This study aimed to understand the influence of administrative and pedagogical practices that may contribute to the performance of students in public schools of primary education in the state of São Paulo in IDEB. To this was accomplished an adjustment of the methodology proposed by Salgado Junior (2013) involving the use of a qualitative and quantitative approach to research, divided into two stages. The first step was the application of DEA in 1,298 public schools of São Paulo, whose purpose was to identify the efficient schools in turning financial investment, socioeconomic status and performance in infrastructure in IDEB. The second stage consisted of a study of multiple cases, through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and systematic observation in the five efficient schools identified by the DEA and five inefficient schools (with DEA score less than 0.80) selected for having similar characteristics and located in the same municipalities of effective schools. The results presented in the case studies revealed the existence of 23 administrative and pedagogical practices that show evidence of having influenced the performance of students in IDEB. The results indicate that family participation in school life of the child, as well as pressure of the community before the principal can contribute to improvement in student performance in IDEB. The specific preparation for the Prova Brasil, the turnover of teachers in the disciplines of Portuguese and Mathematics and the disciplinary system were also identified in this research that may contribute to student performance. Finally, the results found in this research can be used for the definition on the allocation of financial resources by the SME and guide the directors in the management of administrative and pedagogical processes of school in order to promote an improvement in student performance in IDEB
62

Essays on total factor productivity (TFP)

Mattsson, Pontus January 2017 (has links)
This thesis consists of two self-contained empirical essays. Essay I investigates the impact of labor subsidies on TFP, and profit per employee is included as a second outcome. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) is performed on the key variables. After matching, a difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied. The study shows that firms employing workers with wage subsidies experience negative and significant effects on both TFP and profit per employee. Heterogeneity is, however, observed; the only sector to show a deficit in both TFP and profit per employee is wholesale. During the second year with a subsidy, a negative impact can be observed on the profit per employee but not on TFP. The policy conclusion from the analysis is that subsidizing individuals from particular groups is necessary to induce firms to hire workers from these groups. However, the time period for which a single firm is subsidized should be considered. Essay II (with Jonas Månsson from Linnaeus University and the Swedish National Audit Office (SNAO), Christian Andersson from SNAO and Fredrik Bonander from SNAO) measures TFP of the Swedish district courts by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the Malmquist productivity index for 48 Swedish district courts from 2012 to 2015. This study uses a fully decomposed Malmquist index. A bootstrapping approach is further applied to compute confidence intervals for each decomposed factor of TFP as well as for TFP. The study shows an average annual of TFP by 0.7%. However, a substantial variation between years is observed both with regards to the number of statistically significant courts below and above unity. The negative impact is mainly driven by pure technical regress. Large variations are also observed over time where the small courts have the largest volatility. The TFP change is positively correlated with the rate of change in the caseload. Two recommendations are: 1) that district courts with negative TFP growth could learn from those with positive TFP growth and 2) that a back-up force could be developed to enhance flexibility.
63

Management of Complex Sociotechnical Systems

Topcu, Taylan Gunes 20 April 2020 (has links)
Sociotechnical systems (STSs) rely on the collaboration between humans and autonomous decision-making units to fulfill their objectives. Highly intertwined social and technical contextual factors influence the collaboration between these human and engineered elements, and consequently the performance characteristics of the STS. In the next two decades, the role allocated to STSs in our society will drastically increase. Thus, the effective design of STSs requires an improved understanding of the human-autonomy interdependency. This dissertation brings together management science along with systems thinking and uses a mixed-methods approach to investigate the interdependencies between people and the autonomous systems they collaborate within complex socio-technical enterprises. The dissertation is organized in three mutually exclusive essays, each investigating a distinct facet of STSs: safe management, collaboration, and efficiency measurement. The first essay investigates the amount of work allocated to safety-critical decision makers and quantifies Rasmussen's workload boundary that represents the limit of attainable workload. The major contribution of this study is to quantify the qualitative theoretical construct of the workload boundary through a Pareto-Koopmans frontier. This frontier allows one to capture the aggregate impact of the social and technical factors that originate from operational conditions on workload. The second essay studies how teams of humans and their autonomous partners share work, given their subjective preferences and contextual operational conditions. This study presents a novel integration of machine learning algorithms in an efficiency measurement framework to understand the influence of contextual factors. The results demonstrate that autonomous units successfully handle relatively simple operational conditions, while complex operational conditions require both workers and their autonomous counterparts to collaborate towards common objectives. The third essay explores the complementary and contrasting roles of efficiency measurement approaches that deal with the influence of contextual factors and their sensitivity to sample size. The results are organized in a structured taxonomy of their fundamental assumptions, limitations, mathematical structure, sensitivity to sample size, and their practical usefulness. To summarize, this dissertation provides an interdisciplinary and pragmatic research approach that benefits from the strengths of both theoretical and data-driven empirical approaches. Broader impacts of this dissertation are disseminated among the literatures of systems engineering, operations research, management science, and mechanical design. / Doctor of Philosophy / A system is an integrated set of elements that achieve a purpose or goal. An autonomous system (ADS) is an engineered element that often substitutes for a human decision-maker, such as in the case of an autonomous vehicle. Sociotechnical systems (STSs) are systems that involve the collaboration of a human decision-maker with an ADS to fulfill their objectives. Historically, STSs have been used primarily for handling safety critical tasks, such as management of nuclear power plants. By design, STSs rely heavily on a collaboration between humans and ADS decision-makers. Therefore, the overall characteristics of a STS, such as system safety, performance, or reliability; is fully dependent on human decisions. The problem with that is that people are independent entities, who can be influenced by operational conditions. Unlike their engineered counterparts, people can be cognitively challenged, tired, or distracted, and consequently make mistakes. The current dependency on human decisions, incentivize business owners and engineers alike to increase the level of automation in engineered systems. This allows them to reduce operational costs, increase performance, and minimize human errors. However, the recent commercial aircraft accidents (e.g., Boeing 737-MAX) have indicated that increasing the level of automation is not always the best strategy. Given that increasing technological capabilities will spread the adoption of STSs, vast majority of existing jobs will either be fully replaced by an ADS or will change from a manual set-up into a STS. Therefore, we need a better understanding of the relationships between social (human) and engineered elements. This dissertation, brings together management science with systems thinking to investigate the dependencies between people and the autonomous systems they collaborate within complex socio-technical enterprises. The dissertation is organized in three mutually exclusive essays, each investigating a distinct facet of STSs: safe management, collaboration, and efficiency measurement. The first essay investigates the amount of work handled by safety-critical decision makers in STSs. Primary contribution of this study is to use an analytic method to quantify the amount of work a person could safely handle within a STSs. This method also allows to capture the aggregate impact of the social and technical factors that originate from operational conditions on workload. The second essay studies how teams of humans and their autonomous partners share work, given their preferences and operational conditions. This study presents a novel integration of machine learning algorithms to understand operational influences that propel a human-decision maker to handle the work manually or delegate it to ADSs. The results demonstrate that autonomous units successfully handle simple operational conditions. More complex conditions require both workers and their autonomous counterparts to collaborate towards common objectives. The third essay explores the complementary and contrasting roles of data-driven analytical management approaches that deal with the operational factors and investigates their sensitivity to sample size. The results are organized based on their fundamental assumptions, limitations, mathematical structure, sensitivity to sample size, and their practical usefulness. To summarize, this dissertation provides an interdisciplinary and pragmatic research approach that benefits from the strengths of both theoretical and data-driven empirical approaches. Broader impacts of this dissertation are disseminated among the literatures of systems engineering, operations research, management science, and mechanical design.
64

Efficiency and Restructuring in Regulated Energy Networks: Evidence from Germany and the US

Hess, Borge 27 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Although the German framework of incentive-based energy regulation appears to be well-defined because it draws from international experience and eliminates several present drawbacks existing with revenue-cap regulation doubts of industry and politicians concerning the application of benchmarking techniques and more importantly, the future industry structure, remain. The regulation scheme is based on experience with energy sector reforms in the US due to it being a precursor in this regard, e.g. by introducing incentive-based regulation as early as 1994 and publishing the relevant data in a very detailed way. This thesis therefore brings together the two issues of certain efficiency measurement problems and the industry restructuring in Germany and the US in order to contribute to the current discussion of robust benchmarking and to provide political implications related to the industry’s structure. Therefore, the application of DEA and SFA constitutes the heart of the whole study. These techniques are applied on German electricity DSOs as well as on data for US electricity DSOs and US gas TSOs. The application to US data can then be used to derive information about business strategies and their success in a sector that is being restructured. The US experience will lead to relevant German policy implications with respect to the future structure of the energy industry in Germany. / Der deutsche Regulierungsansatz erscheint im Allgemeinen als ausgewogen, da er zum einen internationale Erfahrungen mit einbezieht und zum anderen bestehenden Schwächen der Erlös-Obergrenzenregulierung berücksichtigt. Dennoch bestehen Zweifel seitens Industrie- und Politvertretern bezüglich der Anwendung von Benchmarking-Techniken und noch bedeutsamer der zukünftigen Industriestruktur. Der regulatorische Rahmen basiert auf Erfahrungen aus der Regulierung der Energiewirtschaft aus den USA, da diese eine Vorreiterrolle in dieser Hinsicht innehaben, beispielsweise aufgrund der frühen Einführung der Anreizregulierung in 1994 und der sehr detaillierten Veröffentlichung der relevanten Daten. Diese Arbeit verknüpft daher diese zwei Aspekte zum einen der Existenz gewisser Problemfelder bei der Effizienzmessung als auch der Umstrukturierung der deutschen Industriestruktur in der Energiewirtschaft. Damit trägt sie zu der aktuellen Diskussion mit Bezug auf robustes Benchmarking bei und liefert zudem politische Implikationen bezüglich der Industriestruktur. Zu diesem Zweck steht die Anwendung der für die deutsche Regulierung der Energienetze relevanten Benchmarking-Techniken (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) und Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA)) im Zentrum der gesamten Studie. Die empirischen Analysen beziehen sich dabei auf deutsche Elektrizitätsverteilnetzbetreiber sowie auf Elektrizitätsverteilnetzbetreibern und Ferngasgesellschaften aus den USA. Die Analysen von US Daten können dann genutzt werden, um gehaltvolle Informationen über Unternehmensstrategien und deren Erfolg in einem restrukturierten Sektor zu gewinnen. Diese Erfahrungen münden dann in Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die deutsche Regulierung und Industriestruktur der deutschen Energienetzwirtschaft.
65

Efficiency and Restructuring in Regulated Energy Networks: Evidence from Germany and the US

Hess, Borge 10 December 2009 (has links)
Although the German framework of incentive-based energy regulation appears to be well-defined because it draws from international experience and eliminates several present drawbacks existing with revenue-cap regulation doubts of industry and politicians concerning the application of benchmarking techniques and more importantly, the future industry structure, remain. The regulation scheme is based on experience with energy sector reforms in the US due to it being a precursor in this regard, e.g. by introducing incentive-based regulation as early as 1994 and publishing the relevant data in a very detailed way. This thesis therefore brings together the two issues of certain efficiency measurement problems and the industry restructuring in Germany and the US in order to contribute to the current discussion of robust benchmarking and to provide political implications related to the industry’s structure. Therefore, the application of DEA and SFA constitutes the heart of the whole study. These techniques are applied on German electricity DSOs as well as on data for US electricity DSOs and US gas TSOs. The application to US data can then be used to derive information about business strategies and their success in a sector that is being restructured. The US experience will lead to relevant German policy implications with respect to the future structure of the energy industry in Germany. / Der deutsche Regulierungsansatz erscheint im Allgemeinen als ausgewogen, da er zum einen internationale Erfahrungen mit einbezieht und zum anderen bestehenden Schwächen der Erlös-Obergrenzenregulierung berücksichtigt. Dennoch bestehen Zweifel seitens Industrie- und Politvertretern bezüglich der Anwendung von Benchmarking-Techniken und noch bedeutsamer der zukünftigen Industriestruktur. Der regulatorische Rahmen basiert auf Erfahrungen aus der Regulierung der Energiewirtschaft aus den USA, da diese eine Vorreiterrolle in dieser Hinsicht innehaben, beispielsweise aufgrund der frühen Einführung der Anreizregulierung in 1994 und der sehr detaillierten Veröffentlichung der relevanten Daten. Diese Arbeit verknüpft daher diese zwei Aspekte zum einen der Existenz gewisser Problemfelder bei der Effizienzmessung als auch der Umstrukturierung der deutschen Industriestruktur in der Energiewirtschaft. Damit trägt sie zu der aktuellen Diskussion mit Bezug auf robustes Benchmarking bei und liefert zudem politische Implikationen bezüglich der Industriestruktur. Zu diesem Zweck steht die Anwendung der für die deutsche Regulierung der Energienetze relevanten Benchmarking-Techniken (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) und Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA)) im Zentrum der gesamten Studie. Die empirischen Analysen beziehen sich dabei auf deutsche Elektrizitätsverteilnetzbetreiber sowie auf Elektrizitätsverteilnetzbetreibern und Ferngasgesellschaften aus den USA. Die Analysen von US Daten können dann genutzt werden, um gehaltvolle Informationen über Unternehmensstrategien und deren Erfolg in einem restrukturierten Sektor zu gewinnen. Diese Erfahrungen münden dann in Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die deutsche Regulierung und Industriestruktur der deutschen Energienetzwirtschaft.
66

Gestão de estoque e eficiência dinâmica: uma abordagem integrada entre Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e Teoria do Controle Ótimo (OCT) / Inventory management and dynamics efficiency: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Optimal Control Theory (OCT) integrated approach

Alves Junior, Paulo Nocera 26 September 2018 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um método eficiente para avaliar gestão de estoque, aplicando conjuntamente a Teoria de Controle Ótimo (OCT), para obter funções de estocagem dinamicamente ótimas, e Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), para calcular as eficiências relativas. Tendo em vista esse objetivo foi desenvolvido um modelo integrado DEA-OCT para calcular a eficiência de custo otimizada ao longo do tempo, quando o sistema possui variáveis relacionadas entre si, como no caso de sistemas de controle de estoque, e para analisar produção e demanda (assim como a variável estoque, oriunda dessa relação), estendendo o modelo variacional. Este trabalho aplica o modelo proposto a 647 empresas das Américas do Sul e do Norte, depois faz uma comparação entre Brasil e Chile (países emergentes economicamente), posteriormente focando no setor de comércio, considerando seus sistemas produção-estoque com dados de variáveis contábeis. Os modelos minimizam os custos de produção e de estoque para calcular a eficiência de custo ao longo do tempo. O output (produto, ou variável de saída) é a demanda; o input (insumo, ou variável de entrada) é a produção, e o intermediate (variável intermediária) é o estoque. Seus custos são considerados na função objetivo. É acrescentada uma restrição variacional da OCT para descrever a relação entre demanda, produção e estoque. Em resumo, o modelo é relevante por calcular eficiência prevenindo a possibilidade de obter uma projeção que ignora a relação entre as variáveis, uma vez que essa relação sempre ocorre, na prática, em sistemas de controle de estoque. As principais contribuições são: possibilitar o uso de OCT como a ferramenta de benchmarking DEA no contexto de eficiência dinâmica, estender o modelo DEA variacional de Sengupta (1995), incluindo restrições de modelos mais recentes e possibilitar o cálculo de eficiência quando há relação entre as variáveis. / This work aims to propose an efficient method to evaluate inventory management, jointly applying optimal control theory (OCT), obtaining dynamically optimal production and inventory functions, and data envelopment analysis (DEA), calculating the relative efficiencies. With this objective in mind, it was developed a DEA-OCT integrated model to calculate allocative efficiency optimized over time, when systems have variable with relationship among themselves, like in the case of inventory control systems, and for analyzing production and demand (as the inventory variable obtained from this relationship), extending the variational model. This paper applies the proposed model to 647 companies from South and North America, after that it was made a comparison between Brazil and Chile (economically emerging countries), then focusing on the commercial sector, considering its production-inventory systems and data from accounting variables. The model minimizes the inventory and production costs to calculate the allocative efficiency over time. The output is demand; the input is production, and the intermediate variable is inventory. Their costs are considered in the objective function. A variational constraint OCT is added to describe the relationship among demand, production, and inventory. In summary, the model is relevant to calculate efficiency by preventing the possibility of finding a projection that ignores the relationship among variables, since this relationship always occur in practice in inventory control systems. The main contributions are: using OCT as the benchmarking tool DEA in the context of dynamic efficiency, extending the Sengupta (1995) variational DEA model, including constraints from recent model and making it possible to calculate efficiency when there is a relationship among variables.
67

Eficiência relativa no gasto público com assistência social na microrregião de Varginha-MG

BARRA, Sanderson Lucas Menezes 24 February 2017 (has links)
O fenômeno da globalização e a promulgação de leis que estabelecem maior transparência na gestão pública conferiram ao setor público a necessidade de apresentação à população de uma gestão mais eficiente. Os estudos que dizem respeito à eficiência do gasto público se destacam nesse cenário, pois retratam abordagens acerca da alocação dos recursos públicos e da transparência à sociedade da aplicação destes recursos. O desafio atual da gestão pública, portanto versa sobre a obtenção do equilíbrio entre os gastos públicos e os resultados obtidos por meio da sua aplicação. Desta forma, os governos com economias eficientes apresentam como principal objetivo promover maiores benefícios para a sociedade com o menor custo possível, evitando-se assim o desperdício do dinheiro público. Na área de assistência social, a destinação e a aplicação adequadas de recursos em políticas de assistência possuem papel relevante na busca da diminuição das desigualdades. No Brasil, por exemplo, este tipo de aplicação eficiente representa um avanço, tendo em vista o histórico de desigualdade social e pobreza do país. Assim, este trabalho se propôs a avaliar a eficiência dos gastos públicos dos municípios pertencentes à microrregião de Varginha–MG no que tange à área de Assistência Social e Cidadania. Para tanto, utilizou-se da metodologia Análise de Envoltória de Dados (DEA), que permite retornar resultados que relacionam a quantidade dos recursos aplicados com os resultados alcançados, mensurando-se assim o nível de eficiência dos municípios estudados. A aplicação deste tipo de pesquisa aponta de que forma os municípios estão direcionando seus recursos à determinada área, no caso deste trabalho o campo da Assistência Social e Cidadania, e permite demonstrar à sociedade o quanto seus municípios são considerados eficientes. Os resultados apontaram que o município de Três Pontas foi o mais eficiente durante o período analisado, enquanto os municípios de Santana da Vargem e Monsenhor Paulo tiveram os piores desempenhos. Pela pesquisa, constatou-se também a ocorrência de oscilações do nível de eficiência de alguns municípios, como ocorre com Coqueiral e Campos Gerais. Espera-se que o presente estudo seja capaz de se constituir em um avanço para a área das finanças públicas, na medida em que propõe a utilização da interpretação de dados disponíveis para a melhoria do emprego dos recursos públicos por partes dos responsáveis e a divulgação de informações à sociedade, contribuindo assim de forma efetiva para o desenvolvimento local. / The phenomenon of globalization and the enactment of laws that establish greater transparency in public management have given the public sector the need to present a more efficient management to the population. The studies that relate to the efficiency of public spending stand out in this scenario, since they portray approaches on the allocation of public resources and the transparency to the society of the application of these resources. The current challenge of public management is therefore to achieve a balance between public spending and the results obtained through its application. In this way, governments with efficient economies have as their main objective to promote greater benefits for society at the lowest possible cost, thus avoiding the waste of public money. In the area of social assistance, the adequate allocation and application of resources in assistance policies have a relevant role in the search for the reduction of inequalities. In Brazil, for example, this type of efficient application represents an advance in view of the country's history of social inequality and poverty. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of public expenditures of the municipalities belonging to the Varginha-MG micro-region in the area of Social Assistance and Citizenship. In order to do so, we used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, which allows us to return results that relate the amount of resources applied to the results achieved, thus measuring the level of efficiency of the municipalities studied. The application of this type of research indicates how the municipalities are directing their resources to a certain area, in the case of this work the field of Social Assistance and Citizenship, and allows to demonstrate to society how much their municipalities are considered efficient. The results showed that the municipality of Três Pontas was the most efficient during the analyzed period, while the municipalities of Santana da Vargem and Monsenhor Paulo had the worst performances. By the research, it was also verified the occurrence of oscillations of the level of efficiency of some municipalities, as it happens with Coqueiral and Campos Gerais. It is hoped that the present study will be able to be a breakthrough in the area of public finances by proposing the use of the interpretation of available data for improving the use of public resources by those responsible and the dissemination of Society, thus contributing effectively to local development.
68

Eficiência operacional no âmbito das knowledge-intensive business services: uma análise dos impactos da ação governamental em instituições de ensino técnico profissionalizante

Oliveira, Fabiano Cardoso de 28 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-11T16:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Cardoso De Oliveira_.pdf: 3369336 bytes, checksum: b4dbb34d07459c52ebd7feff4185c041 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T16:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Cardoso De Oliveira_.pdf: 3369336 bytes, checksum: b4dbb34d07459c52ebd7feff4185c041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Prover serviços públicos com qualidade e eficiência tem levado o governo a interferir nas operações de empresas privadas através de programas, contratos e parcerias. No entanto, estudos sobre os impactos destas intervenções sobre a eficiência em operações não foram encontrados na literatura. Esta pesquisa analisa os impactos do programa PRONATEC na eficiência de duas empresas de serviços intensivos em conhecimento, uma participante do programa e outra que não participante. Os impactos foram analisados longitudinalmente por um período de sete anos utilizando de maneira associada à Análise Envoltória de Dados e Análise de Variância em um estudo de caso em duas empresas do ramo de ensino técnico profissionalizante do Rio Grande do Sul, do período de 2009 a 2015, com foco em analisar a produção de resultado operacional e formação de alunos. A partir dos resultados comprovam-se os impactos da ação do Governo sobre a eficiência nas operações de empresas privadas. Finalmente, o estudo demonstra e suporta empiricamente a relação entre a participação ou não em programas governamentais e a eficiência em operações de empresas prestadoras de serviços intensivos em conhecimento. / Providing public services with quality and efficient has induced the government to interfere in the private companies’ operations by programs, contracts and partnerships. However, researches about the impacts of these interventions about the efficiency in operations were not found in the literature. This project studies the impact of the PRONATEC program in the efficiency of two knowledge-intensive services companies, one of them is a program participator, and the other it is not a program participator. The impacts were longitudinally analyzed for seven years, using an associated way the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Analysis of Variance in a case study in two companies which are focused in vocational technical education from Rio Grande do Sul, from 2009 to 2015, focused on analyze the production of operational result and training of students. From the results, it is verified the impact of the Government action on the efficiency in the operations of companies that provides knowledge-intensive services.
69

Mensuração de eficiência pelo método de análise envoltória de dados: uma aplicação em filiais de uma sociedade de crédito

Tavares, Rafael Picchioni 17 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Picchioni Tavares.pdf: 374508 bytes, checksum: b3aba124f1b6628e3b78b40273d1b848 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / This study examines efficiency applying the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in branches database of a consumer finance company. It presents various perspectives on the analysis of organizational performance, identifying the pros and cons of each perspective in comparative study of performance of business units concluding with the justification for the application of DEA. The sample includes information from 98 branches of a consumer finance company with operations in Brazil, with annual data from 2010 and 2011. It is also analyzed changes in efficiency between 2010 and 2011 using Malmquist index and its components. It is investigated different approaches of efficiency, as, for example, the operational and financial and its linear relationship with the input variables or outputs. - The index of correlation and linear regression analyzes seek to identify the relationship between resources used (inputs) and results (outputs) with the efficiency index. Finally, the results are compared using DEA with the current method adopted by the company for branch performance analysis based on the profitability. The results suggest that, when it adopted the criteria of profitability, there is a favoring of large branches. In contrast, it is not observed DEA favoring any branch depending on its size. Another important result was the indication that policies to reduce expenses through staff cuts may cause a worsening of financial efficiency. Another warning to senior management is the fact that the branches had a worse gap relating to efficient frontier from 2010 to 2011. / Este estudo analisa eficiência utilizando o método de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA Data Envelopment Analysis) com aplicação em uma base de dados de filiais de uma sociedade de crédito. São apresentadas diversas perspectivas de análise de desempenho organizacional, identificando os prós e os contras de cada perspectiva no estudo comparativo de desempenho de unidades de negócio, concluindo com a justificativa para a aplicação do DEA. A amostra deste estudo compreende informações de 98 filiais de uma sociedade de crédito com atuação no Brasil, com dados anuais de 2010 e 2011. São analisadas também as mudanças de eficiência entre 2010 e 2011 pelo Índice de Malmquist e seus componentes. São investigados diferentes tipos de abordagem de eficiência; como, por exemplo, a operacional e a financeira e sua relação linear com variáveis de input ou output. - A partir de índices de correlação e de análises de regressão linear busca-se identificar o relacionamento entre os recursos utilizados (inputs) ou resultados obtidos (outputs) com os índices de eficiência. Finalmente, são comparados os resultados encontrados na utilização do DEA com o atual método, baseado na lucratividade, adotado pela empresa para análise de desempenho das filiais. Os resultados sugerem que, quando é adotado o critério de lucratividade, há um favorecimento das filiais grandes. Em contrapartida, com o método DEA, não se observa o favorecimento em função do tamanho. Outro resultado importante foi a indicação de que políticas de redução de despesa por de cortes de pessoal podem causar piora na eficiência financeira. Outro alerta para a alta gestão é o fato de as filiais apresentarem um distanciamento da fronteira de eficiência de 2010 para 2011.
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Avaliação de índices de eficiência e de produtividade de distribuidoras de energia elétrica no Brasil aplicando análise envoltória de dados (DEA) / Evaluation of indices of efficiency and productivity of power utilities in Brazil applying data envelopment analysis (dea)

Goulart, Diego Dorneles 23 November 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-05-09T19:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 117110019.pdf: 3622835 bytes, checksum: bf885e1754a3be10513d615ebdb016c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-09T19:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 117110019.pdf: 3622835 bytes, checksum: bf885e1754a3be10513d615ebdb016c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-23 / Este trabalho investiga o processo de evolução dos índices de eficiência técnica e de produtividade de Malmquist para as 30 maiores empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica no Brasil, confrontando a metodologia do órgão regulador (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica – ANEEL) de avaliação dos Custos Operacionais Regulatórios do Ciclo de Revisão Tarifária Periódica, com as relações existentes entre a tecnologia de produção utilizada por estas empresas e a qualidade dos serviços prestados à sociedade, entre 2003 e 2009, aplicando-se a Análise por Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis – DEA). Para tanto, utilizam-se os seguintes modelos DEA, orientados para insumo: o CRS (CCR), o VRS (BCC) e o NDRS (usado pela ANEEL), que presumem tecnologias com os seguintes retornos à escala de produção: constantes, variáveis e não decrescentes, respectivamente. Sendo estes modelos DEA aplicados aos dois cenários modelados: no primeiro (chamado de C1), observam-se as variáveis quantitativas adotadas pela ANEEL, tendo como insumo o Custo Operacional – OPEX (R$) e como produtos a Extensão de Redes de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica – Rede (km), o Consumo de Energia Elétrica – Mercado (TWh) e o Número de Unidades Consumidoras de Energia Elétrica – UC (No de Clientes); no segundo (chamado de C2) são inseridas variáveis de qualidade ao cenário C1, definindo-as como produtos na modelagem DEA, citando-se o Índice ANEEL de Satisfação do Cliente – IASC (No Índice) e o Indicador de Desempenho Global de Continuidade – DGC (No Índice). Desta forma, com base nos resultados de desempenho relativo para o período analisado, identificam-se como resultados principais a tendência de evolução positiva das medidas de eficiência técnica e a tendência de estabilização das medidas de produtividade, para o conjunto das 30 maiores empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica do país. Além disso, comparando-se os resultados de eficiência técnica e produtividade, nos diferentes cenários e nas diferentes modelagens DEA (benchmarking), verificou-se que a implementação de um cenário e de uma modelagem deve refletir a realidade econômica (aproximação com a função de produção verdadeira) das empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica no Brasil, de modo a possibilitar a identificação das distribuidoras de energia elétrica que estão operando na escala ótima (ou não) e se os retornos à escala de produção são constantes, crescentes ou decrescentes. Assim, percebeu-se que boa parte das empresas (C1 igual a 40% e C2 igual a 50%) apresentaram retornos de escala de produção decrescentes (DRS) em todo o período de tempo analisado. Portanto, a modelagem DEA VRS apresenta-se mais adequada para a avaliação de desempenho, em detrimento da modelagem DEA NDRS usada pela ANEEL, pois admite que as empresas atuem na região decrescente da fronteira de produção e ainda assim possam ser consideradas eficientes. Já o cenário C2, ao agregar variáveis de qualidade ao Cenário C1 (ANEEL), aproxima-se também desta realidade econômica, buscada pelo órgão regulador através da mensuração dos custos operacionais regulatórios associados aos indicadores de qualidade na prestação dos serviços à comunidade. Por fim, são realizadas considerações sobre a necessidade de aprimoramento de alguns pontos na metodologia utilizada pelo regulador, representando desafios para a garantia de equidade entre a modicidade tarifária e a sustentabilidade das empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro, de modo a garantir-se, efetivamente, o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro nos próximos Ciclos de Revisão Tarifária Periódica. / This work investigates the evolution process of technical efficiency indices and Malmquist productivity for the 30 largest power utilities in Brazil, comparing the methodology of the regulator (ANEEL – National Agency of Electric Energy) of evaluation of Regulatory Operational Costs of the Periodic Tariff Review Cycle, with the relationship etween the production technology used by these companies and the quality of services provided to the society between 2003 and 2009, applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). For this, it is used the following models DEA – input oriented: CRS (CCR), the VRS (BCC) and the NDRS (used by ANEEL), assume that the following technologies returns to scale production: constants, variables, and nondecreasing, respectively. It was adopted two scenarios: the first (called C1), it was observed quantitative variables adopted by ANEEL, taking as input the Operating Cost – OPEX (R$), and as products the Extension of Distribution Networks Electricity - Network (km), the Consumption of Electricity – Market (TWh) and the Unit Number of Electric Consumers – UC (No of Customers), the second (called C2), and quality variables to the scenario C1 are inserted by defining them as products in modeling DEA, the ANEEL’s index of Customer Satisfaction - IASC (NoIndex) and Performance Indicator of Global Continuity – DGC (No Index). Thus, based on performance results relative to the analysis period, it is identified measures of technical efficiency with positive trend and productivity measures with stabilizing trend for the whole of the 30 largest power utilities in Brazil. Furthermore, comparing the results of technical efficiency and productivity in the different scenarios and different DEA modeling (benchmarking), it was found that the implementation of a scenario and a model should reflect the economic reality (closer to the function of real production) of power utilities in Brazil, in order to facilitate the identification of power utilities that are operating at optimal scale (or not) and returns to scale of production are constant , increasing or decreasing. Thus, it was noticed that most companies (C1 equal to 40% and C2 equal to 50%) showed decreasing returns to scale of production (DRS) throughout the time period analyzed. Therefore, the VRS DEA model appears more suitable for the evaluation of performance, rather than modeling the DEA NDRS used by ANEEL, since it allows companies to act in the decreasing region of production frontier and still can be considered efficient. Finally, we discuss the need to improve some points in the methodology used by the regulator, representing challenges to ensuring equity between low tariffs and sustainability of the Brazilian electricity sector, in order to guarantee effectively the economic-financial balance over the next Periodic Tariff Review Cycle.

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