Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de l'auto-sélection des salariés sur l'estimation de la productivité, des différentiels de salaires et de qualité du travail entre les secteurs. Afin de prendre en compte l'auto-sélection des employés dans l'estimation des différentiels le long de la distribution des salaires, nous construisons une approche innovante composée de trois caractéristiques: (i) nous nous intéressons aux effets par quantile inconditionnel; (ii) nous incorporons des effets fixes spécifiques à chaque quantile; (iii) nous proposons une méthode de correction de l'incidental parameter bias. Cette approche permet de produire des résultats exploitables en terme de politiques publiques. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que la sélection positive dans le secteur public tend à se dégrader. Elle disparaît totalement en haut de la distribution des salaires dans la période récente, suggérant un effet négatif du gel des salaires nominaux. Dans notre deuxième article, nous mettons en évidence une sélection négative substantielle dans le secteur informel concernant les hommes et les bas salaires. Cette sélection négative apparaît à la suite de la Grande Récession, indiquant une réallocation des salariés les moins productifs vers le secteur informel. Dans le dernier article, nous montrons pour la période récente que le niveau de productivité des SCOP n'est pas significativement différent de celui des autres entreprises. Nous confirmons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les motivations non-pécunières des employés expliquent une partie importante de la productivité des SCOP dans deux des secteurs étudiés (secteur manufacturier et secteur des transports). / This PhD thesis studies the effect of workers' self-selection when estimating productivity, wages and job quality differentials between sectors. In order to account for the self-selection of employees in the estimation of differentials along the wage distribution, we develop an innovative approach comprising three features: (i) we rely on unconditional quantile effects ; (ii) we incorporate quantile-specific fixed effects; (iii) we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias. This method allows to provide public policies relevant comparisons. We show first that the positive selection into public jobs tends to decline. It totally disappears among top earners in the recent period, suggesting the detrimental effect of nominal wage freeze. In the second paper, we unveil that there is a substantial negative selection into informal salary work for men on average and particularly at low wages. It arises in the wake of the Great Recession, pointing to a shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector. In the last paper, we account for employees' non-pecuniary motives in our comparison of the productivity of labour-managed firms and other for-profits company. We confirm for the recent period and on a large scale that the SCOP total factor productivity level is not significantly different from the other firms'. We find also results that support the hypothesis that employees non-pecuniary motives accounts for a substantial part of French labour-managed firms productivity in two of the three industries studied (manufacturing and transports).

This diploma thesis focuses on the motivations of users to create an account within the location- based mobile dating applications. The work is processed by statistical analysis of already published studies dealing with the same or similar topics. The main target of this paper is to calculate the effect size of individual motives in relation to the sex of the respondents. The diploma thesis starts with description of the history of online dating, specific mobile applications included in my meta-analysis, user behavior in individual stages of using these applications (profile settings, selection of other profiles, communication and its development in time), followed by the methodological part where the meta-analysis itself is desribed, the process of its creation and its weak and strong aspects. In the following chapter the results of the meta-analysis and their interpretation are presented as well as self-reflection of this paper along the recommendations for future researches. Analysis helped to reveal the differences between the sexes and also helped to synthesize the acquired studies dealing with this topis. The most notable influence of gender can be seen in the motivation of casual sex, to a lesser extent in the motivation to seek love, friends, the use of the application because of the ease...

Co-operatives are multifaceted as they have different meanings for their members. They are an important passage to sustainable development as they provide their members and communities with the opportunity of joining forces and addressing their needs. Various pieces of South African legislation endorse the establishment of co-operatives and support community members to own co-operatives. The research findings show that cooperative members are motivated to participate even though they experience challenges in the cooperatives. What keeps them going is the drive to succeed. This is strengthened by cooperative principles to which they adhere. The role of the social worker in initiating and supporting cooperatives, utilizing empowerment and developmental approaches, provides extra benefits for cooperative members, their families and the larger community. One critical benefit is the income generated through economic activities to support members and their families. Based on the research findings, recommendation are made with regard to practice, policy and further research. / Social Work / M.A. (S.S.) (Social Work)

Retirement homes provide a versatile facilities and services to their clients not only to secure the basic needs of seniors but also to offer an opportunity to satisfy their secondary needs for instance by participating on social events. Such involvement of seniors is beneficial for themselves and also for the whole society too. Theoretical part of my dissertation is focused on definition of the term participation, afterwards this term is put in relation to lives of seniors and their functioning in retirement homes. Next it also deals with recognizing the level of participation in an institution and what factors affect this level. Attention is directed on clients themselves during this process, how do they perceive participation, what barriers they see and on the other hand what opportunities motivate them to participate in social events. The main part of my work is dedicated to empirical research in the organization "Domov pro seniory Slunečnice" (Retirement Home Sunflower) where above mentioned topics are analy zed.

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option psychologie clinique (Ph.D) / Le bien-être sexuel, soit l’évaluation subjective des aspects physiques, émotionnels, cognitifs et sociaux de sa sexualité, inclut la satisfaction sexuelle, les pensées, connaissances, émotions et expériences personnelles en lien avec la sexualité. Il est associé à plusieurs bienfaits physiques et psychologiques et constitue un ingrédient essentiel des relations amoureuses satisfaisantes. Or, la satisfaction sexuelle tend à diminuer pendant la relation et les difficultés sexuelles sont fréquentes chez les couples de longue durée. Il est donc nécessaire de s’intéresser aux facteurs favorisant le bien-être sexuel chez ces couples. Selon le Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Model of women’s sexual dysfunction (Rosen & Bergeron, 2019), des facteurs relationnels, comme les caractéristiques de la relation (p. ex. intimité), les caractéristiques individuelles des partenaires (p. ex. attachement) et les caractéristiques des activités sexuelles précises (p. ex. motivations sexuelles), doivent être considérés dans l’étude du bien-être sexuel des couples. Ainsi, la thèse visait à examiner des facteurs relationnels liés au bien-être sexuel chez les deux partenaires de couples de longue durée de la population générale. À l’aide d’un devis dyadique prospectif, la première étude a investigué le bien-être sexuel de manière globale : elle s’est penchée sur les associations entre l’intimité et la satisfaction sexuelle et conjugale pendant 13 mois chez 145 couples. Les résultats suggèrent la présence d’associations bidirectionnelles entre l’intimité et la satisfaction sexuelle ainsi qu’entre l’intimité et la satisfaction conjugale. Une perception d’intimité plus élevée était associée à des niveaux de satisfaction sexuelle et conjugale plus élevés dans le temps. En retour, des niveaux de satisfaction sexuelle et conjugale plus élevés étaient associés à une perception d’intimité plus élevée dans le temps. La deuxième étude a examiné le bien-être sexuel de façon plus proximale à l’aide d’un devis dyadique à journaux quotidiens (21 jours) : elle a investigué les associations entre les insécurités d’attachement, les motivations sexuelles d’attachement et de soutien ainsi que les émotions ressenties par les deux partenaires de 149 couples lors des activités sexuelles. Les résultats démontrent que les individus présentant plus d’évitement de l’intimité avaient moins tendance à rapporter des motivations sexuelles de soutien, ce qui était associé à des expériences émotionnelles plus négatives lors des activités sexuelles. Les personnes présentant plus d’anxiété d’abandon rapportaient davantage de motivations sexuelles d’attachement, ce qui était associé à des expériences émotionnelles plus négatives pendant les activités sexuelles pour les deux partenaires. Toutefois, les personnes présentant plus d’anxiété d’abandon rapportaient également plus de motivations sexuelles de soutien et cela était associé à des expériences émotionnelles plus positives pendant les activités sexuelles pour les deux partenaires. Les résultats de la thèse mettent en relief l’importance de considérer les prédispositions individuelles, les caractéristiques de la relation ainsi que les raisons pour lesquelles les individus s’engagent dans des interactions sexuelles pour mieux comprendre le bien-être sexuel des partenaires de couples de longue durée. La thèse apporte une contribution théorique de par son investigation de postulats théoriques peu étudiés empiriquement à ce jour. Plusieurs implications cliniques découlent également des résultats et sont discutés dans la thèse. / Sexual well-being, i.e., subjective evaluation of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of one’s sexuality including, for instance, sexual satisfaction, thoughts, knowledge, emotions and personal experiences related to sexuality, is associated with important physical and psychological health benefits. It is also an essential ingredient of a satisfying romantic relationship for many adults. However sexual satisfaction tends to decrease with the length of the relationship, and sexual difficulties are often a concern for couples in relationship therapy. Thus, there is a need to address factors that may promote sexual well-being in long-term couples. According to the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Model of women's sexual dysfunction (Rosen & Bergeron, 2019), multiple relational factors, such as relationship characteristics (e.g., intimacy), partners’ individual characteristics (e.g., attachment), and characteristics of sexual activities (e.g., sexual motivations), must be considered when studying couples' sexual well-being. As such, the overall purpose of this dissertation was to examine relational factors related to sexual well-being in both partners of long-term couples in the general population. The first study investigated global sexual well-being by examining its involvement in relationship dynamics with a longitudinal dyadic design. Specifically, this study examined the associations between intimacy and sexual and relationship satisfaction over a 13-month period in 145 couples. The results suggest that the associations between intimacy and sexual satisfaction as well as between intimacy and relationship satisfaction are bidirectional. Indeed, higher perceived intimacy was associated with higher levels of sexual and relationship satisfaction over time. In turn, higher levels of sexual and relationship satisfaction were also associated with higher perceived intimacy over time. The second study examined sexual well-being more proximally using a dyadic daily diary design (21 days). The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between attachment insecurities, attachment- and caregiving-related sexual motives, and emotions experienced during sexual activities by both partners of 149 couples. Analyses revealed that individuals with higher levels of attachment avoidance were less likely to report caregiving sexual motives, which was associated with more negative emotional experiences during sexual activities. Individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety reported more attachment sexual motives, which was associated with more negative emotional experiences during sexual activities for these individuals and their partners. However, individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety also reported more caregiving sexual motives and this was associated with more positive emotional experiences during sexual activities for both partners. Overall, the dissertation and its two articles highlight the importance of considering partners’ individual predispositions, relationship characteristics, as well as the reasons why individuals engage in sexual interactions to better understand the sexual well-being of partners in long-term couples. This research makes a substantial theoretical contribution by investigating theoretical assumptions that have rarely been studied empirically to date. Several clinical implications also arise from the findings and are discussed in the dissertation.