Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Bacterial pathogens dramatically affect host cell transcription programs for their own profit, however the underlying mechanism in most cases remain elusive. While investigating the effects of listeria monocytogenes on histone modifications, we discovered a new transcription regulatory machanism by which the expression of genes is repressed, during infection. Upon infection by L. monocytogenes, the secret virulence factor, InlB, binds the c-Met receptor and activates signaling through PI3K/Akt. This signaling platform is necessary for causing the relocalization of the histone deacetylase, SIRT2, to the nucleus and associating to chromatin.In characterizing the mechanism governing SIRT2 nuclear relocazing during infection, our results have demonstrated that SIRT2 undergoes a post-translational modification. SIRT2 undergoes dephosphorylation at a novel N-terminal phospho-site. SIRT2 is recruiter to the transcription star sites of genes repressed during inection leading to H3K18 deacetylation and transcriptional repression.finnaly, my results demonstrate that SIRT2 is hijacked by L monocytogenes and promotes an increase in intracellular bacteria. Together, these data uncover a key role for SIRT2 mediated H3K18 deacetylation during infection and characterize a novel mechanisme imposed by a pathogenic bacteriomto reprogram the host cell.

De nombreuses bacteries pathogènes sont capables d'affecter les programmes transcriptionnels de la cellule hôte pendant l'infection. Cependant, les mécanismes contrôlant ce processus restent largement méconnus. En investigant les effets de la Listerai monocytogenes sur les modifications des histones de l'hôte, nous avons mis en évidence un nouveau mecanisme de régulation de transcription nécessaire pour la répression de certains gènes, pendant l'infection. Lors de l'infection par L. monocytogenes, le facteur de virulence sécrété, InlB, se lie au récepteur c-Met et active la signalisation par les intermédiaires PI3K et Akt. cette plateforme de signalisation est nécessaire pour la relocalisation de la deacetylase d'histone, SIRT2, au noyau et l'association à la chromatine.En caractérisant me mécanisme gouvernant la relocalisation nucléaire de SIRT2 lors de l'infection, nous avons démontrés que SIRT2 subit une modification post-traductionnelle. SIRT2 est déphosphorylée à un nouveau site de phosphorylation localisé à la partie terminale de la protéine. SIRT2 est recrutée au site de démarrage de la transcription des gènes réprimés lors de l'infection menant à la deacetylation de H3K18 et la répression transcriptionnelle. Nous avons mis en évidence que SIRT2 est détournée par L. monocytogenes et provoque une croissance des bactéries intracellulaires. Ces résultats démontrent un clef de SIRT2 en provoquant la deacetylation de H3K18 mors de l'infection et dévoilent un nouveau mécanisme imposée par les bactéries pathogènes dans le but de reprogrammer la cellule hôte. / Bacterial pathogens dramatically affect host cell transcription programs for their own profit, however the underlying mechanism in most cases remain elusive. While investigating the effects of listeria monocytogenes on histone modifications, we discovered a new transcription regulatory machanism by which the expression of genes is repressed, during infection. Upon infection by L. monocytogenes, the secret virulence factor, InlB, binds the c-Met receptor and activates signaling through PI3K/Akt. This signaling platform is necessary for causing the relocalization of the histone deacetylase, SIRT2, to the nucleus and associating to chromatin.In characterizing the mechanism governing SIRT2 nuclear relocazing during infection, our results have demonstrated that SIRT2 undergoes a post-translational modification. SIRT2 undergoes dephosphorylation at a novel N-terminal phospho-site. SIRT2 is recruiter to the transcription star sites of genes repressed during inection leading to H3K18 deacetylation and transcriptional repression.finnaly, my results demonstrate that SIRT2 is hijacked by L monocytogenes and promotes an increase in intracellular bacteria. Together, these data uncover a key role for SIRT2 mediated H3K18 deacetylation during infection and characterize a novel mechanisme imposed by a pathogenic bacteriomto reprogram the host cell.

Mi trabajo ha estado enfocado en la implicación de los diferentes mecanismos epigenéticos de PML-RARa en la inducción de la leucemia promielocítica aguda (APL).En particular yo estudié el rol de MBD1, un miembro de la conservada familia de proteinas capaces de unirse al DNA metilado, demostrando que desempeña un papel importante en la progresión de la leucemia. De hecho, mostré que MBD1 es recruida por PML-RARa a sus promotores diana a través de los mecanismos mediados por HDAC3, participando por tanto en la represión transcripcional. Además, investigué hasta donde la metilación de la H3K27 mediada por Polycomb contribuye a la tumorgénesis mediada por PML-RARa. Demostré que PML-RARa dirige al PRC2 hacia el locus del tumor supresor causando la metilación de la H3K27. Fue interesante ser capaz de mostrar que tanto la metilación del DNA como la de las histonas era requerida para mantener el aberrante silencio génico. Esto apuntaba hacia una intercomunicación entre estos diferentes marcadores epigenéticos contribuyendo a la patología molecular de la leucemia. Resumiendo, estos resultados nos proporcionan elementos nuevos para comprender los mecanismos moleculares esenciales en la tumorgénesis y progresión de la APL. / My work was focused on the involvement of different epigenetic mechanisms in PML-RARa-induced acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In particular, I studied the role of MBD1, a member of a conserved family of proteins able to bind methylated DNA, demonstrating that has an important function in leukemia progression. Indeed, I showed that MBD1 is recruited by PML-RARa to its target promoters through an HDAC3-mediated mechanism, thus participating in transcriptional repression.. Furthermore, I investigated how far Polycomb-mediated H3K27 methylation contributes to PML-RARa mediated tumorigenesis. I demonstrated that PML-RARa targets the PRC2 to tumor suppressor loci causing H3K27 methylation. Interestingly, I was able to show that both DNA and histone methylation are required to maintain PML-RARa aberrant gene silencing, pointing towards a crosstalk among these different epigenetic layers that contributes to the molecular pathology of leukemia. In summary these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying APL tumorigenesis and progression.