Thesis (J.S.M.)--Stanford University, 2005. / Submitted to the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies at the Stanford Law School, Stanford University. "May 2005." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

The article analyzes the involvement of seven university students in drug dealing in Metropolitan Lima. This qualitative study based its analysis on semi-structured interviews and seven-month fieldwork.The article evidences that the experience as recreational drug users allows them to grasp basic routines related to the market: who, where and how to buy drugs. Based on that previous experience, students get involved in marijuana exchanges because: (i) they want to sell it in order to smoke for free / (ii) they have a good connection with and become a broker for their friends, or (iii) they are interested in generating extra-money to maintain a lifestyle associated with recreational consumption in middle-class university contexts (going to parties, going on trips, buying other drugs, among others).Subsequently, students emphasize their interest in generating monetary incomes and begin to sell marijuana more frequently and in greater quantities. This escalation does not lead to the development of and identity as a ‘drug-dealer’, nor an involvement in other criminal activities. / El artículo analiza el involucramiento de siete jóvenes universitarios en la venta de marihuana en Lima Metropolitana. Este estudio cualitativo basó su análisis en entrevistas semiestructuradas y en un trabajo de campo de siete meses. Se identifica que la experiencia como consumidores recreacionales de drogas permite que los jóvenes aprehendan rutinas básicas referidas al mercado: quién, dónde y cómo comprar drogas. Sobre la base de esa experiencia previa, los jóvenes se involucran en los intercambios de marihuana porque: (i) quieren vender para fumar gratis / (ii) tienen una buena conexión y se convierten en intermediarios de sus amigos, o (iii) tienen interés en generar un dinero adicional para para solventar un estilo de vida asociado al consumo recreacional en contextos universitarios de clase media-alta (salir a fiestas, irse de viaje, comprar otras drogas, entre otras). Posteriormente, enfatizan su interés en generar ingresos monetarios y empiezan a vender marihuana con más frecuencia y en mayores cantidades, sin que dicho escalamiento signifique un desarrollo de una identidad como «microtraficante» ni un involucramiento hacia otras actividades delictivas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1982. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [334]-359.

The nineteen forties and nineteen fifties, acknowledged as the decades in which New York first emerged as a locus for modern art production of international stature (particularly the so-called 'New York School '), also witnessed its development into a market for modern art, both European and American, and it is upon this that this study focuses. A modern art market is a 'support-system' which consists of not only the producer-artists and consumer-collectors but also of a number of 'intermediaries'. This complex, in addition to the actual purchase of art works, serves, for instance: to disseminate a knowledge about modern art in general; to select particular artists and promote their work in the public eye; to support contemporary artists financially; and to enhance the sphere of collecting activity. The groups or institutions involved in these functions vary according to historical circumstances, and the first part of this study identifies the key constituents of the 'support-system' in the New York art market in this period as: New York museums concerned with modern and contemporary art, both foreign and native, private dealer-galleries, and collectors; and examines what parts each played in the structure of the art market as a whole, paying particular attention to the influence of wider socio-economic factors upon this. This 'support-system' structure discussed in the first part may be considered as synchronic. The second part of this study, however, concentrates upon an examination of changing trends in prices and in collectors' preferences for different artistic expressions (particularly the relative status of American as against European modern art). Emphasis is placed in this upon demonstrating where possible how such developments were related to the functioning of the support system as discussed; and to situating the behaviour of the New York art market of the period into a wider national socio-economic context.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Siegen, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-295).

Thesis (doctoral)--Oestrich-Winkel, European Business School, 2008. / Includes bibliographic references (p. 269-313).

The retail feed industry has grown continually in importance during the past 60 years. Increased population has placed ever greater demands upon food production to feed our nation's people. During 1968, the average American consumed 80 pounds of beef, 63 pounds of pork, 8 pounds of veal, 4 pounds of lamb, 26 pounds of chicken, and 11 pounds of lard. This amounted to an annual per capita consumption of 188 pounds of red meat. With 173 million people to feed, vast quantities of livestock must be produced, finished, and marketed to satisfy our nation's needs.

<p>This dissertation focuses on the large-scale distribution of imagery from the Southern Netherlands across Europe and the Americas, particularly on the large number of paintings exported from Antwerp-Mechelen to Spain and the Americas during the seventeenth century. To analyze this profitable long-distance art trade and the artistic implications of the exchanges that took place through market mechanisms, this research relies on the archival and visual sources left by one of the most successful seventeenth-century Antwerp international art dealers with Spain and the Americas, Guilliam Forchondt (1608-1678). He established a productive painting workshop and a successful commercial firm that concentrated on Spanish Habsburg territories. This dissertation examines his workshop practices, the type of paintings he directed to Spain and the Americas, and the mechanisms he established for artistic and information exchanges between Flemish, Spanish and colonial Spanish contemporaries because Forchondt dealt in the transatlantic trade through a commercial network of merchants and agents in Europe and the New World. This research also investigates local conditions and responses in Spain, Mexico and Peru to the imported Flemish paintings.</p> / Dissertation

No description available.

The research programme aimed to identify and investigate the tactics and strategies adopted by the car manufacturers to manage and control their dealers in the distribution channel in the UK market, and consequently deduce their effects on the manufacturer-dealer power relationships. A literature review outlining the main sources of power possessed and employed by the manufacturer combined with the information collected from initial interviews with a panel of channel players enabled to identify the main tactics of control adopted by the manufacturers over the dealers in the car industry. The dealer agreement, the training programmes, the dealer assessment procedures, the communications systems and manufacturer's general support appeared to represent the prime tactics of control possessed and employed by the car manufacturers. The first three elements were investigated separately and qualitatively analysed following a quantitative approach. They unveiled the nature of the dealers' operations controlled by the manufacturers and the techniques implemented by them to exert that control. The repressive and coercive nature of these tactics of control emphasised an imbalance of power favouring the manufacturers, and confirmed their dominant position in the marketing channel. The last two tactics of control mentioned above did not lead to any specific studies. Nevertheless, they were explored in Chapter 8 and referred to throughout the thesis. A field survey carried out with a large sample of car dealers established their perceptions to manufacturers' controls. The survey empirically confirmed that the car manufacturers highly control and influence certain business areas by setting-up some constraints, restrictions, limitations and targets to achieve, and consequently the leadership of the manufacturers was demonstrated and verified. The strategies implemented by the manufacturers, whose tactics are deduced from, enabling them to control their dealer network were analysed. The study highlighted the main strategic decisions made by the suppliers and showed how they affect the power balance between the channel participants favouring the suppliers. A lack of consistency in manufacturers' strategic approach was detected and appeared to be detrimental to dealers' welfare. In order to improve manufacturer-dealer relationships and to create a greater equilibrium between the two parties, the adoption of a partnership approach was highly recommended. As a result, the whole study of the car distribution channel enabled the researcher to conclude that a franchise arrangement tends to give a manufacturer more power over an intermediary than a non-franchise trading relationship.