This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the ways in which the Internet supports the consumer decision process of potential customers in an online car retail environment. The thesis is mainly focused on how this can be done in South Africa. A case study approach was adopted in investigating the case of McCarthy Call-a-Car. Interviews were carried out with McCarthy Call-a-Car employees and documents and the Call-a-Car website, were analysed. It was revealed that Call-a-Car focuses on using the Internet to support customers in the pre-purchase phase only. The purchase and post-purchase phases are carried out offline at its dealership network and Club McCarthy respectively. The findings showed that Call-a-Car views the Internet as a marketing tool that provides convenience to customers searching for product information in the pre-purchase phase. The interviews revealed that due to Call-a-Car's strategy, as well as practical problems of selling online, the customer will still have to visit a dealership to conclude a purchase and for post-purchase support. From this research it appears that there are three main issues arising out of Call-a-Car's usage of the Internet in the customer buying process: firstly, the research revealed that instead of cutting out the middle-man, the Internet has created new types of intermediaries called "cybermediaries" and that Call-a-Car is one such intermediary. Secondly, it was revealed that trust is crucial in the online environment and that Call-a-Car builds trust through branding. Thirdly, the Internet has not affected prices online, despite theoretical estimations that the Internet would induce lower prices. The main recommendations for future research are empirical studies to investigate if the cybermediary model is unique to the car industry and whether this business model could be applied to other look and feel industries such as real estate. Future studies could also investigate the mechanics of trust-building and brand-building in the online environment and finally, studies from the customer perspective considering what Internet tools the customer would like to see online to support them during their buying decision process.

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Based on six-years ethnographic research, this thesis provides an in-depth account of a contemporary British drug market. The study follows a group of twenty-five friends, termed The Lads, during their transition from late-adolescence (16-22) through to early adulthood (22-28). This was a critical stage in their life course; it was a time when many had begun advancing into the world of work and business entrepreneurship, in search of their chosen career. Yet it was during this time that two key developments occurred: bulk volumes of illicit drugs became available to The Lads through credit and the UK experienced several years of economic recession and stagnation. The economic constraints The Lads encountered during this time prompted many to become involved in the trafficking of illegal drugs. Though their entry into the markets was not necessarily motivated out of absolute need or poverty, the experience of low-paying salaries, the loss of work and income, and the inability to secure legitimate investment capital, all made drug dealing an alluring source of untaxed revenue, available as and when needed. This study assesses the practices of this cohort of closed-market drug dealers, who capitalised on their expansive social networks as a means of trafficking a variety of illegal substances at the time of these two developments. During the course of the research their involvement came to span several stages of the supply chain, including: mid-level wholesale brokerage, import/export, wholesale, and retail (i.e. to the end-users). The study addresses various structural elements of their trade, including drug purchasing and selling, the assessment and mitigation of risks in relation to law enforcement, and the use of informal credit (i.e. ‘fronting’) as one of the principle facilitating factors of The Lads’ various trade networks. A variety of data collection methods were employed over many years to garner a depth of understanding and appreciation difficult to achieve in the study of active offenders. The data comprises of life narratives, observations, interview data and economic data. The findings offer some new insight into: the kinds of people who deal drugs; what characteristics they share; how they function as traders; what motivates them to either enter or exit the trade, and what social structures influence their offending careers?These young men were not the archetypal drug dealer: they were neither predatory nor territorial. They were ambitious and hard working. Drug dealing was simply a shortcut to the lifestyle they aspired to; it was a source of capital; a means of funding their studies; a ‘means to an end’. To these young men, drug dealing was just another form of work: a bad job that paid a good salary.

The process by which a firm internationalizes has long been a topic of discussion in academia. Several models, hypotheses, and theories have been created to explain how a company expands and sells its products to a new market. However, each industry and pathway to internationalization has yet to be explored. The arms trade industry is a highly complex and controversial field as it carries with it numerous political and defense implications. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal strategies and processes by which an MNE within the arms industry performs a successful internationalization. Furthermore, it will challenge current internationalization theory and literature by providing new insight into this process. Hence, it is essential to explore the internal strategies, networks, and factors involved to enhance our understanding and contribute new methods to the scientific community. The study followed an abductive approach with a qualitative method has been performed through a single case study analysis. Semi-structured interviews with C-suite executives are conducted to collect data from Armscor Global Defense. There were several findings from this thesis. Some of our conclusions were that personal relationships are more important than distance when internationalizing. Another conclusion for the defense sector is that companies should not rely on governmental relationships. Companies in the defense sector also invest a lot of time and money in physical meetings, despite the possibility of virtual meetings.

Le 17 octobre 2018, le gouvernement libéral du Canada a légalisé le cannabis à usage récréatif dans le but d’offrir un accès sécuritaire et contrôlé à un produit de qualité, tout en empêchant les criminels de jouir des bénéfices associés au commerce de la drogue. De telles modifications au cadre légal ont soulevé de nombreuses inquiétudes de la part du public, notamment à l’effet d’une augmentation potentielle de la consommation. Le présent mémoire répond à une autre préoccupation; celle de la prolifération du marché noir. À ce jour, on ignore comment les trafiquants de cannabis réagiront à la légalisation de la drogue qu’ils fournissent. Les quelques recherches existantes, basées sur des données officielles et autorapportées, ne font pas consensus quant à l’effet de la légalisation sur l’offre illicite de cannabis. D’ailleurs, aucune étude n’a été réalisée dans le contexte particulier de la légalisation du cannabis au Canada, alors qu’il s’agit d’une réforme sans précédent en Amérique du Nord. Ce mémoire adopte une approche novatrice en utilisant les « traces numériques » collectées sur le cryptomarché Dream Market, un marché virtuel anonyme consacré à la vente de drogues illicites, pour décrire et comprendre l’impact de la légalisation sur les vendeurs de marijuana canadiens actifs sur ce marché. Des modèles de régression nous ont permis d’estimer l’effet de la légalisation sur la disponibilité du produit, le nombre de vendeurs et les revenus générés par la vente de marijuana. Ces mêmes analyses ont été utilisées pour déceler la présence d’un déplacement tactique, de cible et de substance par les vendeurs. Cette étude montre qu’à court terme, la légalisation a eu un effet sur les activités des vendeurs de marijuana canadiens, mais cet effet n’est pas celui escompté au regard des objectifs de santé et de sécurité publique du gouvernement. Au cours du premier trimestre de la légalisation, l’offre canadienne de marijuana dans le cryptomarché a augmenté de manière significative. De plus, contrairement à ce qui avait été anticipé par le législateur, les revenus des vendeurs de marijuana canadiens n’ont pas subi de baisses significatives après la légalisation. Enfin, les vendeurs semblent avoir anticipé les impacts de la légalisation sur leur chiffre d’affaires à plus long terme et ont choisi de se positionner favorablement dans d’autres types de marchés. Plus spécifiquement, les vendeurs font davantage de publicité dans le marché américain et dans d’autres sous-marchés de drogues, principalement les stimulants, les produits dérivés du cannabis et les psychédéliques. / On October 17, 2018, the Liberal government of Canada legalized recreational cannabis with the goal of providing safe and controlled access to a quality product, while preventing criminals from enjoying the benefits associated with the drug trade. Such changes to the legal framework have raised many concerns from the public, including the effect of increased consumption. This master's thesis addresses another concern: proliferation of the black market. To this day, it is not known how cannabis traffickers will react to the legalization of the drugs they supply. The few existing studies based on official and self-reported data do not agree on the effect of legalization on the illicit supply of cannabis. In fact, no study has been carried in the specific context of the legalization of cannabis in Canada, although this is an unprecedented reform in North America. This thesis takes an innovative approach by using “digital traces” collected on the cryptomarket Dream Market, an anonymous virtual marketplace dedicated to the sale of illicit drugs, to describe and understand the impact of legalization on Canadian marijuana sellers active in this market. Regression models allowed us to estimate the effect of legalization on product availability, number of vendors, and revenue generated from the sale of marijuana. These same analyzes were used to detect the presence of tactical, target and substance displacement by vendors. Overall, this study shows that in the short term, legalization has had an effect on Canadian marijuana vendors’ activities, but this effect is not what would be expected in light of the government's public health and safety objectives. During the first trimester of legalization, the Canadian supply of marijuana in the cryptomarket increased significantly. In addition, contrary to what had been anticipated by the legislator, Canadian marijuana sellers’ incomes did not suffer significant declines after legalization. Finally, sellers seem to have anticipated the impacts of legalization on their longer-term revenue and have chosen to position themselves favorably in other types of markets. More specifically, sellers are advertising more in the US market and in other drug submarkets, primarily stimulants, cannabis products, and psychedelics.

Thesis (M.B.A.)-Business Studies Unit, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 vii, 108 leaves / The South African nursery industry has faced many challenges over the last ten years. Excess in both demand and supply occur in any given year. The cost of maintaining a plant beyond its ideal ‘sell-by-date’ erodes profit and after time, results in complete wastage. The seedling nursery industry cannot afford to throw away large quantities of surplus seedlings or those that have become root-bound. The size of the wastage problem was unknown. It was believed that a website for trading surplus stock of seedlings might be the answer to the oversupply experienced by individual nurseries. The literature was consulted to establish what had made large companies successful. The advantages and disadvantages of E-business were investigated. / M

本研究係依據理性預期理論，探討「自營商」及「外國法人投資機構」是否具備知情投資者的角色？為回答上述問題，本研究係以每日經濟日報證券新聞版所刊登之「自營商買進賣出股票較多表」及「外國法人股票進出表」為研究對象，探討是種資訊是否具股價先導角色？亦即這些資訊是否具資訊內涵？ 　　本研究之研究期間起自八十三年八月一日，截至八十四年二月止。且本研究係採用市場模式衡量異常報酬，經實證分析，本研究所獲得的結論可彙述如下： 　　1.就外國法人投資機構（外資）及自營商買超而言，是項資訊的確具有市場先導角色，亦即其具有買漲的效果。因此，自外資或自營商買超的資訊公布後，測試期之異常報酬顯著大於零。故，「外資及自營商買超」之資訊具資訊內涵。本研究結論，一般投資者可參考此資訊來做股價決策，俾用以獲取異常報酬並改善投資績效。 　　2.就外國法人投資機構及自營商賣超而言，是項資訊的公布並未如預期所推論：在測試期產生顯著負的異常報酬。其原因可能係一般投資人無法確實解讀賣超資訊所代表的經濟意義。 　　3.就買超資訊而言，外資之投資標的若以公司規模（本研究係以股本為替代變數）大小來區分。其股本在50億以上之證券，並無顯著之異常報酬。此結果顯示流通在外籌碼愈多之證券，較不利於炒作，且較不具上漲空間。故，較不受投資人偏愛。

Thesis (M.B.A.)-Business Studies Unit, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 vii, 108 leaves / The South African nursery industry has faced many challenges over the last ten years. Excess in both demand and supply occur in any given year. The cost of maintaining a plant beyond its ideal ‘sell-by-date’ erodes profit and after time, results in complete wastage. The seedling nursery industry cannot afford to throw away large quantities of surplus seedlings or those that have become root-bound. The size of the wastage problem was unknown. It was believed that a website for trading surplus stock of seedlings might be the answer to the oversupply experienced by individual nurseries. The literature was consulted to establish what had made large companies successful. The advantages and disadvantages of E-business were investigated.

Chapter 11 of the Property Agents and Motor Dealers Act 2000 (Qld) and the Retail Shop Leases Act 1994 (Qld) both introduce procedural requirements to the process for creation of land contracts and were both introduced to address a perceived lack of conscience in each of the industries affected. These represent a recent broadening of the ambit of consumer protection legislation in Queensland which deviates from more traditional methods of statutory intervention into land contracts. This paper focuses on the extent to which the Acts effectively introducing a conscience element into certain land contracts, and the extent to which this alters classical contract law. The effectiveness of the approach is then tested against the critiques of two alternative theories of law - law and economics and feminist contract theory - to see whether the legislative approach answers the deficiencies in contract identified within the terms of each theory.

The thesis investigates the interaction that developed between a major art dealer, Thos. Agnew and Sons (Agnews), and a principal public collection, the London National Gallery, from 1855 to 1928. Agnews played a crucial role in the life of the National Gallery and greatly facilitated the museum accession of important paintings, such as the Madonna Ansidei by Raphael, the Rokeby Venus by Velazquez, the Portrait of Doge Vincenzo Morosini by Tintoretto, and many others. In turn, collaborating with the National Gallery allowed Agnews to penetrate the international Old Masters market and reach for higher social standing. Through the analysis of ten case studies of acquisitions, which are supported by new archival evidence and are contextualised within a broader historical and theoretical framework, this thesis charts the emergence, development and decline of the rapport between the two organisations. It analyses how Agnews and the National Gallery began as two unconnected entities in the mid-nineteenth century, explores how their distinct trajectories turned into a close, collaborative rapport during the 1880s, and finally examines how in the third decade of the twentieth century they separated and initiated a newly detached professional relationship. Appropriating sociological theories by Pierre Bourdieu, Bruno Latour, Viviana Zelizer and others, this study investigates museum acquisitions as resulting from complex interplays of cultural and commercial forces within the field of cultural production. Acquisitions are further enlightened by the analysis of the networks that underpin them, which provide additional evidence on how economic factors are embedded within broader social constructs. By detailing and locating these processes and relationships within the historical context of a broad shift towards commercialisation, yet demonstrating that cultural elements are part of the dealers activities and that commercial values are an intrinsic component of the museum, this study provides an insight into the historical origins of modern-day relationships between museums and art dealers.