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Den här studien undersöker vad som påverkar attityder hos unga gällande hörselnedsättningar relaterade till fritidsbuller såsom ett regelbunden användning av hörlurar. För att svara på dessa frågor genomfördes en onlinebaserad enkät där deltagarna fick skatta sin koppling till sitt framtida jag på en 100-gradig skala, läsa information om hörselnedsättningar orsakade av fritidsbuller i punktform respektive i formen av ett scenario och skatta 19 frågor på en femgradig skala från “håller inte alls med” till “håller helt med”. Studien visade inga signifikanta resultat. I rapporten diskuteras eventuella orsaker till dessa icke signifikanta resultat utifrån ett metodiskt perspektiv, där slutsatsen blir att vidare forskning bör fokusera främst på hur deltagarnas koppling till sitt framtida jag kan stärkas. / This study examines what influences young people's attitudes towards hearing loss related to leisure noise such as regular use of headphones. To answer these questions, an online-based survey was conducted where participants were asked to estimate their connection to their future self on a 100-point scale, read information about hearing impairments caused by leisure noise in bullet points or in the form of a scenario and rate 19 questions on a five-point scale from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The study showed no significant results. The report discusses possible reasons for these non-significant results from a methodological perspective, with the conclusion that further research should focus primarily on how to strengthen the connection for the participants' connection to their future selves.

Doctor Legum - LLD / Traditional justice systems (TJS), which apply African customary law (ACL), play a significant role in the regulation of various cultural, social, and economic spheres of individual lives in society. It is estimated that 90% of African countries use TJS in dispute resolution. Succession matters form one of the areas in which TJS are applied. In Kenya, it is estimated that the majority of succession matters are addressed through TJS given that only 36% of cases are taken to the formal justice system (FJS) for determination. This indicates the presence of legal pluralism where formal law co-exists with African customary law. However, the application of customary succession laws and their enforcement by the FJS encounter impediments which curtail the integration of ACL within the FJS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the interface between African customary laws of succession in the TJS and the FJS. In order to achieve this objective the study applies the Historical School of Jurisprudence as its theoretical framework and applies document analysis as the research methodology. The major findings of the study indicated that though progressive recognition, application and enforcement of ACL in Kenya has been realised, there are several impediments to the integration and enforcement of customary succession decisions within the FJS. These include non-complimentary legal provisions, lack of in-depth knowledge on ACL by the FJS, and more importantly, lack of a policy guideline on the integration of ACL within the FJS. Based on these findings, this study finds it necessary to develop a guideline that will enhance the integration and enforcement of customary succession decisions by the FJS.

Conflicts over reproduction are common in animal societies and they are especially pronounced in groups of totipotent individuals. Workers in the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus are totipotent. They can gain direct fitness via dispersal as winged sexual or inheritance of the natal nest as neotenic replacement reproductive. In this study we examined the actual conflict behaviour in C. secundus, possible mechanism of conflict-regulation, and factors influencing the conflict intensity. Cuticular hydrocarbons provided the information about nestmates which is required for mechanisms of conflict-resolution to work: they were (i) caste-specific, (ii) honest signal of fertility in neotenic queens, as they are reflecting the underlying JH titres mediated via caste-specific Neofem4 expression, and (iii) may also be informative enough to allow kin discrimination. Kin discrimination in C. secundus depended on social context and the individuals’ developmental potential. Sterile soldiers for example showed nepotistic grooming independent from the social context, but affected by wood resource, in contrast to workers that did not react to varying relatedness. Individuals showed distinct behavioural profiles before and during conflict, reflecting their reproductive potential: most prominent in the distinction were the dominance behaviour butting and proctodeal trophallaxis. The proposed role of trophallaxis as honest signal and inhibitory means in regulating reproductive development in C. secundus could be confirmed. Conflict intensity was greatly influenced by wood resource: workers were more likely to stay and fight for inheritance within nests that are resource rich, while when food gets limited dispersal conflict was most pronounced. Thus, individuals did continually assess the ecological (resources) and societal conditions (presence of reproductives, relatedness) and adjusted their developmental decisions in order to maximize own fitness. The developmental potential is linked to the moulting interval, as only individuals in the sensitive phase are able to react to a changing situation like orphaning. Thus the sensitive phase, besides honest signalling (via cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and trophallaxis) might be an further mechanism potentially regulating conflict in C. secundus, as it restricts the number of individuals capable of becoming neotenic in a ‘fair lottery’ process.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, especially among African Americans, who have the lowest survival rate from this disease among all racial/ethnic groups. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how family support and religion/faith influence patients' decisions about seeking treatment for lung cancer. This study was guided by the medical decision-making model and used a phenomenological approach. Data were collected from male and female lung cancer patients (n = 15) who were being treated in a thoracic and cardiovascular surgery clinic in Greensboro, North Carolina using semi-structured interviews. All participants were between the ages of 18 and 75 years and spoke English, and were questioned how they made their decisions about seeking lung cancer treatment. The main themes were patients' lack of knowledge about the disease, treatment, and the length of time to live; patients' financial anxieties; the role of faith, prayer, and religion related to treatment decision-making; confidence in the physician for medical advice; and the role of emotional and financial support from family, including the church family. The study findings provide valuable information that can be used by medical and public health professionals in helping patients make medical decisions for lung cancer treatment. Further, these findings have considerable social change merits because they provide needed information about how African American patients evaluate seeking treatment for lung cancer, which can be used to develop decision-making aids and to help better facilitate communication between health care providers and patients.

Farm enterprise diversification is an important tool for agricultural producers with respect to risk management. As agricultural producers in Virginia look to prepare their farm businesses for the new millennium, they are increasingly considering non-traditional enterprises and activities for their farms. As producers add new enterprises, they encounter challenges to develop new skills and gather adequate information for their new activities. Virginia Cooperative Extension has the task of providing producers with timely and useful research-based information. As both producers and Virginia Cooperative Extension agents and specialists prepare for the challenges of the changing face of agriculture in Virginia in the next generation, a mutual understanding of the key factors and motivations for enterprise diversification is necessary. This study investigates the key factors, motivations, and information needs of seven diversified farms in Virginia. The implications for producers and Cooperative Extension are outlined, and recommendations are made for Virginia Cooperative Extension, lenders, and agribusiness. / Master of Science

Titel: Corporate Social Responsibility- En kvalitativ studie om hur CSR påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut och synen på varumärket. Datum: 2022-01-13 Författare: Nathalie Werley Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i marknadsföring 15 hp, Linnéuniversitetet. Handledare: Afshin Afsharipour Examinator: Christine Tidåsen Frågeställning: Hur påverkar företags CSR-arbete konsumentens syn på själva varumärket och är detta något som påverkar konsumentens köpbeslut? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur konsumenter uppfattar H&M:s hållbarhetsarbete och ifall företagets CSR-arbete är något som påverkar deras syn på varumärket. Studien syftar också till att undersöka hur CSR påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut.  Metod: I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, detta för att kunna samla in primärdata. Undersökningen utgjordes av 6 respondenter varav alla hade handlat hos H&M vid något tidigare tillfälle. Den yngsta respondenten var 25 år och den äldsta 57 år. Både kvinnor och män inkluderades i intervjuundersökningen.  Slutsatser: Konsumenter uppfattar H&M:s CSR kommunikation som bristfällig trots att företaget belyser sitt CSR-arbete på sin hemsida. Flera av konsumenterna känner inte förtroende inför H&M:s hållbarhetsarbete som de kommunicerar ut, vilket grundar sig på tidigare skandaler om företaget. Konsumenters syn av ett varumärke kan påverkas av hur företaget kommunicerar ut sitt CSR-arbete, dessutom kan CSR ha en positiv påverkan på konsumenters köpbeslut.

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Background: Risk and uncertainty as a concept resides in unknown results and uncertainties with the ability of affecting firms. With its ability to affect, comes the necessity for firms to adapt in its corporate strategic decision making. Corporate governance in its broad terms has been shown to impact strategic decision making. As the factors affecting it are not unanimous among prior literature, corporate governance mechanisms' relationship to risk is therefore relevant to examine in order to create a deeper understanding within the subject. Purpose: This paper aims to explain the relationship between strategic decision making with risk and uncertainty as well as the influence on this relationship from corporate governance mechanisms. Additionally, by studying these relationships in a Swedish context, we aim to build upon existing literature of corporate governance. Method: This study uses a positivist deductive approach using a quantitative strategy to investigate the risk-strategic relationship and the influence of corporate governance mechanisms. The study uses a research setting of Swedish firms listed at least one year on the large cap list on Stockholm stock exchange. The data was collected through financial and non-financial databases and annual reports. The data was analyzed using statistical tests. Findings: Change in R&D, capital structure, and employees are all impacted by risk and uncertainty, but change in dividends, intangible assets, and internationalization are unaffected. Risk-strategic connections are influenced by corporate governance mechanisms, but the effect of board independence is negligible. CEO age and gender impact, but not compensation. Identity of ownership matters, however not the concentration.