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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Essays on the Theory of Indivisible Good Markets / 不可分財市場に関する理論研究

Marutani, Kyohei 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22227号 / 経博第615号 / 新制||経||293(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 関口 格, 教授 原 千秋, 准教授 NEWTON Jonathan Charles Scott / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM
2

Probabilistic Weighting and Deferred Acceptance in Reciprocal Recommendations : An A/B Test Evaluation of Tenant-to-Landlord Recommendation Systems on a Digital Rental Marketplace / Statistisk Viktning och Deferred Acceptance i Reciprok rekommendation : En A/B-testutvärdering av Hyresgäst-till-Hyresvärd Rekommendationssystem på en Digital Hyresmarknad

Byström, Julia January 2024 (has links)
With growing information availability recommendation systems help users navigate and filter the many options. The home rental market has been pointed out as one of the unexplored areas for recommendations system. This project examines the effects of incorporating historical data for probabilistic weighting and matching algorithms for increased recommendation diversity for a tenant to landlord recommendation system. This was done by implementing two new recommendation systems. The first uses probabilistic weighting to measure the similarity between tenants and landlord homes. The second combines this probabilistic weighting with a variant of the Deferred Acceptance algorithm to enhance recommendation diversity. These two recommendation systems were A/B tested together with the existing tenant recommendation system on the Qasa platform, a digital end-to-end rental apartments marketplace in Sweden. With the objective of having the recommendation system increase landlord engagement a good recommendation was defined as one where the landlord choose to contact the tenant. After the A/B test period, the three recommendation variants were evaluated on Coverage@N, Gini-Index@K, Precision@K and Recall@K. The result revealed that the use of the Deferred Acceptance algorithm did increase the recommendation diversity, but it led to reduced precision in the top recommendations compared to the first new implementation that only used probabilistic weighting. However, the incorporation of historical data for the probabilistic weighting for similarity in booth new recommendation systems showed higher precision and number of contacted tenants compared to the existing tenant recommendation model on the Qasa platform. / Med växande informationstillgänglighet hjälper rekommendationssystem användarna att navigera och filtrera bland många alternativ. Hyresmarknaden har pekats ut som ett av de outforskade områdena för rekommendationssystem. Detta projekt undersöker effekterna av att inkorporera historiska data för statistiska vikter och matchningsalgoritmer för ökad rekommendations mångfald i ett rekommendationssystem från hyresgäster till hyresvärdar. Detta gjordes genom att implementera två nya rekommendationssystem. Det första använder statistiska vikter för att mäta likheten mellan hyresgäster och hyresvärdars bostäder. Det andra kombinerar dessa statistiska vikter med en variant av deferred acceptance algorithm algoritmen för att förbättra rekommendations mångfaldet. Dessa två rekommendationssystem A/B testades tillsammans med det befintliga rekommendationssystemet av hyresgäster på Qasa-plattformen, en digital marknadsplats för andrahandsuthyrning av lägenheter i Sverige. Med målet att rekommendationssystemet skulle öka hyresvärdens engagemang definierades en bra rekommendation som en där hyresvärden valde att kontakta hyresgästen. Efter A/B-testperioden utvärderades de tre rekommendationsvarianterna baserat på Coverage@N, Gini-Index@K, Precision@K och Recall@K. Resultatet visade att användningen av algoritmen för uppskjuten acceptans ökade mångfaldet i ett rekommendationssystem, men det ledde till minskad precision i de första rekommendationerna jämfört med den första nya implementationen som endast använde statistiska vikter. Däremot visade inkorporeringen av historiska data för statistiska vikter vid uträkning av likhet, något som gjordes i båda nya rekommendationssystem, högre precision och fler antal kontaktade hyresgäster jämfört med den befintliga modellen för hyresgästrekommendationer på Qasa-plattformen.
3

Three essays on matching mechanisms / Trois essais sur les mécanismes d’assortiment

Zhu, Min 13 May 2015 (has links)
Les mécanismes d’assortiment, sont des marchés dont l’objet est de réaliser une allocation économique efficace mais qui opèrent sans échange monétaire. L’efficacité d’un mécanisme peut être évaluée de manière théorique, mais il est aussi important d’évaluer sa performance avec des agents réels pour tenir compte des biais comportementaux et leur rationalité limitée. La thèse résumée dans cette note s’inscrit dans cette démarche en fournissant des résultats empiriques qui permettront d’améliorer l’utilisation des mécanismes d’appariement sur le terrain. Le premier chapitre de la thèse vise à analyser l’expérience acquise par des agents ayant participé à un mécanisme d’acceptation différée qui peut être transmise à de nouveaux participants pour améliorer l’efficacité du mécanisme. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les sujets sont plus susceptibles de révéler leur préférence réelle dans leur proposition quand ils reçoivent des conseils de leurs pairs des sessions précédentes. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse étudie l’effet de la taille du marché sur la performance de deux mécanismes d’appariement. Les résultats montrent que l’augmentation du marché de 4 à 40 joueurs accroit le taux des participants qui révèlent leur préférence réelle dans leur proposition au mécanisme d’acceptation différée, mais que ce taux diminue dans le mécanisme de Boston. Le passage à une taille de marché de 4000 joueurs n’a pas d’effet supplémentaire significatif. Le troisième chapitre de la thèse justifie l’évolution du système d’admission des Universités en Chine. Des études montrent que le mécanisme de Boston n’élimine pas l’envie justifiée, qu’il est manipulable, et qu’il n’est pas Pareto-efficace. Le mécanisme d’allocation simple élimine l’envie justifiée, et il est non-manipulable et Pareto-efficace. Ce résultat justifie la transition récente de l’algorithme de choix séquentiel à l’algorithme de choix parallèle dans les pratiques d’admission aux Universités chinoises. / This thesis consists of three essays examining empirical factors that are important for the success of the matching mechanism in the real world. The first chapter discusses whether highly experienced people can transmit what they have learned and encourage new participants to reveal their true preferences under the Deferred Acceptance mechanism. I address this issue in a laboratory experiment to check the effect of peer experience on individual behaviors and the performance of the DA mechanism. Results show that subjects are more likely to play truthfully when learning advice from their peers in previous sessions.The second chapter studies the performance of the Boston and the DA mechanism in a laboratory under different scale of the matching markets. Results show that increasing the market size from 4 to 40 students per match increases participant truth-telling under the DA but decrease it under the Boston mechanism, leading to a decrease in efficiency but no change in the large stability advantage of the DA over the Boston mechanism. However, further increase in the scale to 4,000 students per match has no effect.The third chapter justifies the evolution of the college admissions system in China from a mechanism design perspective. Studies show that the Boston mechanism does not eliminate justified envy, is not strategy-proof and is not Pareto-efficient. The Simple Serial Dictatorship mechanism eliminates justified envy, is strategy-proof and is Pareto-efficient, thus outperforming the Boston mechanism in all three criteria. This result provides justification for the mechanism transition in recent years in China’s college admissions practices.
4

Three essays in matching mechanism design

Nesterov, Alexander 26 September 2016 (has links)
In diese Dissertation, betrachte ich das Problem der Aufteilung der unteilbaren Objekte unter Agenten, ihren Vorlieben entsprechend, und die Transfers fehlen. In Kapitel 1 studiere ich den Kompromiss zwischen Fairness und Effizienz in der Klasse der strategy-proof Aufteilungsmechanismen. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist, dass für die strategy-proof Mechanismen folgende Effizienz- und Fairness-Kriterien nicht miteinander vereinbar sind: (1) Ex-post-Effizienz und Neidfreiheit, (2) Ordnung-Effizienz und schwache Neidfreiheit und (3) Ordnung-Effizienz und gleiche-Teilung-untere-Grenze. In Kapitel 2 ist der Fokus auf zwei Darstellungen einer Zuteilung: als probabilistische Zuordnung und als Lotterie über deterministische Zuordnungen. Um die Gestaltung der praktischen Lotterie-Mechanismen zu erleichtern schlagen wir neue Werkzeuge für den Erhalt der stochastischen Verbesserungen bei Lotterien vor. Als Anwendungen schlagen wir Lotterie Mechanismen, die die weit verbreiteten Random serial dictatorship Mechanismus verbessern, und eine Lotterie-Darstellung seiner Konkurrent, die Probabilistic serial Mechanismus, vor. In Kapitel 3 schlage ich einen neuen Mechanismus vor, der Schüler an Grundschulen zuweist: Adaptive Acceptance (AA). AA sammelt von Neumann-Morgenstern Präferenzen von Studenten über Schulen und implementiert die Zuordnung unter Verwendung eines iterativen Verfahrens, das ähnlich der vorherrschenden Immediate Acceptance (IA) ist. AA verfügt über eine starke Kombination von Anreize und Effizienzeigenschaften im Vergleich zu IA und sein Rivale, Deferred Acceptance (DA). / I consider the problem of allocating indivisible objects among agents according to their preferences when transfers are absent. In Chapter 1, I study the tradeoff between fairness and efficiency in the class of strategy-proof allocation mechanisms. The main finding is that for strategy-proof mechanisms the following efficiency and fairness criteria are mutually incompatible: (1) Ex-post efficiency and envy-freeness, (2) ordinal efficiency and weak envy-freeness and (3) ordinal efficiency and equal division lower bound. In Chapter 2, the focus is on two representations of an allocation when randomization is used: as a probabilistic assignment and as a lottery over deterministic assignments. To help facilitate the design of practical lottery mechanisms, we provide new tools for obtaining stochastic improvements in lotteries. As applications, we propose lottery mechanisms that improve upon the widely-used random serial dictatorship mechanism, and a lottery representation of its competitor, the probabilistic serial mechanism. In Chapter 3, I propose a new mechanism to assign students to primary schools: the Adaptive Acceptance rule (AA). AA collects von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities of students over schools and implements the assignment using an iterative procedure similar to the prevalent Immediate Acceptance rule (IA). AA enjoys a strong combination of incentive and efficiency properties compared to IA and its rival, the Deferred Acceptance rule (DA). In case of strict priorities, AA implements the student-optimal stable matching in dominant strategies, which dominates each equilibrium outcome of IA. In case of no priorities, AA is ex-post efficient while some equilibrium outcomes of IA are not; also, AA causes loss of ex-ante efficiency less often than DA. If, in addition, students have common ordinal preferences, AA is approximately strategy-proof and ex-ante dominates DA.
5

Essays on matching and preference aggregation

Bonkoungou, Somouaoga 02 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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