O monitoramento da razão Z de duas variáveis através de gráfico de controle tem sido um tema recentemente explorado na literatura. Para analisar mais o assunto, o estudo avalia a eficiência e viabilidade de aplicação dessa ferramenta como suporte na tomada de decisão para gerenciamento de capacidade de mão de obra de retaguarda (doravante mencionado como Backoffice) de serviço de empresa do setor bancário. Tradicionalmente, gráficos de controle tem sido utilizados para monitorar o processo produtivo de manufaturas, mas recentemente tem sido adotado para monitoramento de alguns serviços. Apesar de ainda seguir muitos conceitos pioneiros na manufatura, a atividade do setor de serviços apresenta suas particularidades como, por exemplo, a impossibilidade de gerar estoque. Assim, a necessidade de adequar seus recursos à demanda torna-se essencial, sendo fundamental a gestão de controles e sua urgência para que possa reagir rapidamente em caso de variação de demanda e adequar sua capacidade. Em um cenário de restrição de recursos, planejar é crucial para evitar desperdícios e garantir eficiência. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o gráfico de controle como ferramenta para monitorar a razão de duas variáveis aleatórias: a demanda e a mão de obra em Backoffice de serviço em um banco. Nesse trabalho, gráfico de controle de Shewhart tradicional e gráfico de controle de Shewhart com regras suplementares são analisados e os resultados obtidos confirmam a possibilidade de utilização da ferramenta de gráficos de controle para o gerenciamento e adequação de mão de obra para atender a demanda. O monitoramento da razão (demanda/ mão de obra) ajudará o gestor a alocar adequadamente o time (mão de obra) de acordo com a demanda e a capacidade produtiva. Como contribuição, o estudo avalia o comportamento da razão Z = X/Y em situação de alta variabilidade da variável X e baixa variabilidade da variável Y . / The monitoring of the ratio Z of two variables through control chart has been recently explored in the literature. This study analyses the efficiency and viability of this tool as a support to the manager\'s decision in capacity management of a Backoffice service in a business banking service. Traditionally, control charts have been used to monitoring production process in manufacturing companies, but recently it has been adopted in monitoring some classes of services. Although many pioneering definitions developed for manufacturing are still applied in the service activities, the service industry has some particularities as the impossibility to generate stock, for example. Thus, the need to adapt the resources of manpower to attend the demand becomes essential mainly in a current financial global crisis, with resource constraints. The control management is fundamental and urgent to plan a fast reaction to adequate its capacity in case of a large demand variation. Thus, monitoring is crucial to avoid vast and ensure efficiency. The aim of this paper is to present a control chart to monitor the ratio of the two random quantities: the demand and the labor of a Backoffice service in a business banking service. In this paper, traditional Shewhart and Shewhart with supplementary rules control charts are considered and the results confirmed the possibility to apply the control charts to help the management to adequate the manpower in order to attend the demand. The monitoring of the ratio (demand/manpower) will help the manager to allocate adequately the team (the manpower) according to the demand and the production capacity. The contribution of this study is the analysis of the behavior of the ratio Z = X/Y in situation of large variability of the variable X and low variability of the variable Y .

由於環保意識抬頭及商界和社會之間日益惡化的情況下，企業正在努力尋找新的商業模式來重塑資本主義。麥可·波特主張創造共享價值，試圖找尋新一波創新的商業模式來重塑資本主義。共享價值模式能夠為企業和社會創造財富，因此為越來越多的企業紛紛加入創造共享價值的行列。 本論文主要使用個案分析法和次級資料分析法進行研究。研究係透過了解利害相關人對於智慧電網的態度，以及解析智慧電網產業價值鏈來分辨共享價值之所在。透過對於智慧電網相關的研究，以及共享價值的學術文獻來建立研究架構。同時也蒐集了IBM公司以及智慧電網相關產業的動態訊息支持研究分析。其目的是要找出IBM公司的商業模式是否符共享價值模型之定義。研究彙整了智慧電網的利害相關人的意見，並且進行IBM所提供智慧電網方案與共享價值的關聯性分析。然後建議IBM對於創造共享價值可能的發展方向與模式。 研究結果發現IBM提供的智慧電網方案與創造共享價值其實是有關聯性的。然而，大部分的價值是透過與產業鏈結合而間接被創造出來的。在智慧電網方面，IBM並無法獨立創造出共享價值。因而提出了在面對利害關係人時，需要清楚辨認誰是最主要的影響者。透過連鎖效應的方式使得智慧電網能夠更符合創造共享價值。 另外，由於智慧電網應用技術的複雜性使得本研究的力度受到限制。 / Due to the rise of environmental awareness and the worsening situations between the business community and society, corporations are trying to find a way to reinvent capitalism. Michael E. Porter advocates that Creating Shared Value might be the answer for how business will able to reinvent capitalism and unleash the next wave of business and innovation. More and more corporations have jumped on the CSV bandwagon to create wealth for both the business and the society. Case analysis and secondary data analysis techniques are employed in this paper as the research method, through analyzing the stakeholders that are in the smart grid landscape. Academic literature, research papers, publications and information from relevant websites are used to support the analysis. The purpose is to find out whether IBM Company’s business model is in accordance with the shared value model by analyzing the opinions of stakeholders of smart grid and the proposes values of IBM’s smart grid solutions. The results are that most of the solutions that IBM has for smart grid are somehow relevant to the concept of CSV. However, most of the values proposed are rather indirect　as they are often created through collaborating with other players in the value chain. IBM alone would not be able to create a shared value model of its own. Therefore, suggestion has been made to emphasize on the importance of clearly identifying who has the biggest influence among stakeholders. Through chain effect between the stakeholders to enhance Smart Grid to become a more distinct shared value model. Also, due to the complexity of technologies involved in smart grid, the research has many limitations.

Energy and environmental impacts are two factors that will influence urban region composition in the near future. One emerging issue is the effect on water usage resulting from changes in regional or urban transportation trends. With many regions experiencing stresses on water availability, transportation planners and users need to combine information on transportation-related water consumption for any region and assess potential impacts on local water resources from the expansion of alternative transportation modes. This thesis will focus on use-phase water consumption factors for multiple vehicle modes, energy and fuel pathways, roads, and vehicle infrastructure for a given transportation network. While there are studies examining life cycle impacts for energy generation and vehicle usage, few repeatable models exist for assessing overall water consumption across several transportation modes within urban regions. As such, the question is: is it possible to develop a traceable decision support model that combines and assesses water consumption from transportation modes and related mobility infrastructure for a given mobility network? Based on this, an object-oriented system model of transportation elements was developed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Model-Based Systems Engineering principles to compare water consumption across vehicle modes for assessing the resiliency of existing infrastructure and water resources. To demonstrate the intent of this model, daily network usage water consumption will be analyzed for current and alternative network scenarios projected by policies regarding the expansion of alternative energy. The model is expected to show variations in water consumption due to fluctuations in energy pathways, market shares, and driving conditions, from which the model should help determine the feasibility of expanding alterative vehicles and fuels in these networks. While spatially explicit data is limited compared to the national averages that are used as model inputs, the analytical framework within this model closely follows that of existing assessments and the reusable nature of SysML model elements allows for the future expansion of additional transportation modes and infrastructure as well as other environmental analyses.

This study is an investigation into water management policies in South Africa, their effect on water users and the perceptions users have of these policies. The investigation begins with an exposition of concepts such as water demand management (WDM), as well as integrated water resource management (IWRM). A sub-discourse of the main theme is the societal tendency to neglect its common property. Garret Hardin's groundbreaking observations on the "tragedy of the commons" (1968) are explored in an effort to locate issues of relevance in effective water management strategies. In contemplating the commons, it is evident that aspects of morality and ethics are involved. The morality of a society be it in a global or national context, seems to manifest itself in legislation and policies, and in the way these are implemented. The relevance of good governance, hydropolitics and sustainable development is also discussed to provide the necessary theoretical background to an understanding of the relationship between consumers and the water commons. Access to safe drinking water is protected in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, 108 of 1996. Flowing from the government's obligation to take reasonable legislative and other measures to achieve the progressive realisation of fundamental human rights stipulated in section 27(2) of the Constitution, the challenge since 1994 has been to provide access to water for all inhabitants and to manage the available water resources effectively. Furthermore, the objective of subsequent water legislation such as the National Water Act, 36 of 1998 and regulatory plans, like the National Water Resource Strategy has been to incorporate international trends in water governance. The Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (DWEA) divided South Africa into 19 regions, called water management areas (WMA). In this study, attention is focused on what constitutes a catchment and how a catchment management agency (CMA) governs its water resources. A description is provided of the functions of water user associations (WUAs) and how ththe Lower Orange Catchment Management Area is, for example, the blueprint from which stakeholders develop their goals. In this study, the water situation in the Lower Orange Water Management Area is under scrutiny. The focus is on the three main institutional components of water management (the Lower Orange catchment management, the Upington Islands Water User Association [UIWUA] and the //Khara Hais Local Municipality). The progress of the establishment of the Lower Orange Catchment Management Agency is outlined over a period of five years. Meanwhile, the Upington Islands Water User Association was developed and this has grown in stature. The work being done by these institutions is investigated by looking at grassroots effects, especially in respect of irrigation activities. The unique water management circumstances of the //Khara Hais Local Municipality are then investigated along with the plans outlined in their Integrated Development Plan {lOP) and their Water Services Development Plane Internal Strategic Perspective (ISP) of(WSDP). Because local irrigation operations consume most of the available surface water in the Lower Orange Water Management Area, irrigation farmers and their activities warrant closer attention. A historical overview is given of the development of irrigation in the region followed by an assessment of the role of two of the most prominent historical figures in Upington, Reverend Adriaan Schroder and Abraham "Holbors" September. Ultimately, however, the focus falls on the current state of irrigation in the area. It is possible to distinguish between the approach of large commercial farming operations and that of smaller irrigation farming units to irrigation. Specific attention is given to the perceptions of irrigation farmers as far as the policies and legislation pertaining to water issues is concerned. This study will hopefully provide the Department of Water and Environmental Affairs(DWEA), //Khara Hais Local Municipality and organised agriculture with some recommendations on efficient integrated water management strategies. It might well be of value to other municipalities who are experiencing similar problems. The aim has been to identify typical problems and potential disputes between water management institutions and relevant role-players. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

This study is an investigation into water management policies in South Africa, their effect on water users and the perceptions users have of these policies. The investigation begins with an exposition of concepts such as water demand management (WDM), as well as integrated water resource management (IWRM). A sub-discourse of the main theme is the societal tendency to neglect its common property. Garret Hardin's groundbreaking observations on the "tragedy of the commons" (1968) are explored in an effort to locate issues of relevance in effective water management strategies. In contemplating the commons, it is evident that aspects of morality and ethics are involved. The morality of a society be it in a global or national context, seems to manifest itself in legislation and policies, and in the way these are implemented. The relevance of good governance, hydropolitics and sustainable development is also discussed to provide the necessary theoretical background to an understanding of the relationship between consumers and the water commons. Access to safe drinking water is protected in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, 108 of 1996. Flowing from the government's obligation to take reasonable legislative and other measures to achieve the progressive realisation of fundamental human rights stipulated in section 27(2) of the Constitution, the challenge since 1994 has been to provide access to water for all inhabitants and to manage the available water resources effectively. Furthermore, the objective of subsequent water legislation such as the National Water Act, 36 of 1998 and regulatory plans, like the National Water Resource Strategy has been to incorporate international trends in water governance. The Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (DWEA) divided South Africa into 19 regions, called water management areas (WMA). In this study, attention is focused on what constitutes a catchment and how a catchment management agency (CMA) governs its water resources. A description is provided of the functions of water user associations (WUAs) and how ththe Lower Orange Catchment Management Area is, for example, the blueprint from which stakeholders develop their goals. In this study, the water situation in the Lower Orange Water Management Area is under scrutiny. The focus is on the three main institutional components of water management (the Lower Orange catchment management, the Upington Islands Water User Association [UIWUA] and the //Khara Hais Local Municipality). The progress of the establishment of the Lower Orange Catchment Management Agency is outlined over a period of five years. Meanwhile, the Upington Islands Water User Association was developed and this has grown in stature. The work being done by these institutions is investigated by looking at grassroots effects, especially in respect of irrigation activities. The unique water management circumstances of the //Khara Hais Local Municipality are then investigated along with the plans outlined in their Integrated Development Plan {lOP) and their Water Services Development Plane Internal Strategic Perspective (ISP) of(WSDP). Because local irrigation operations consume most of the available surface water in the Lower Orange Water Management Area, irrigation farmers and their activities warrant closer attention. A historical overview is given of the development of irrigation in the region followed by an assessment of the role of two of the most prominent historical figures in Upington, Reverend Adriaan Schroder and Abraham "Holbors" September. Ultimately, however, the focus falls on the current state of irrigation in the area. It is possible to distinguish between the approach of large commercial farming operations and that of smaller irrigation farming units to irrigation. Specific attention is given to the perceptions of irrigation farmers as far as the policies and legislation pertaining to water issues is concerned. This study will hopefully provide the Department of Water and Environmental Affairs(DWEA), //Khara Hais Local Municipality and organised agriculture with some recommendations on efficient integrated water management strategies. It might well be of value to other municipalities who are experiencing similar problems. The aim has been to identify typical problems and potential disputes between water management institutions and relevant role-players. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

This dissertation has shown that public procurement regulation takes place through regulatory documents that mainly underwent a name change and that the only changes are found in the reporting framework. The South African government identified public procurement as an active instrument to achieve social and economic goals. To provide substance to this realisation, public procurement was taken up in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. The constitution prescribes a procurement system that is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. / Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration)

O monitoramento da razão Z de duas variáveis através de gráfico de controle tem sido um tema recentemente explorado na literatura. Para analisar mais o assunto, o estudo avalia a eficiência e viabilidade de aplicação dessa ferramenta como suporte na tomada de decisão para gerenciamento de capacidade de mão de obra de retaguarda (doravante mencionado como Backoffice) de serviço de empresa do setor bancário. Tradicionalmente, gráficos de controle tem sido utilizados para monitorar o processo produtivo de manufaturas, mas recentemente tem sido adotado para monitoramento de alguns serviços. Apesar de ainda seguir muitos conceitos pioneiros na manufatura, a atividade do setor de serviços apresenta suas particularidades como, por exemplo, a impossibilidade de gerar estoque. Assim, a necessidade de adequar seus recursos à demanda torna-se essencial, sendo fundamental a gestão de controles e sua urgência para que possa reagir rapidamente em caso de variação de demanda e adequar sua capacidade. Em um cenário de restrição de recursos, planejar é crucial para evitar desperdícios e garantir eficiência. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o gráfico de controle como ferramenta para monitorar a razão de duas variáveis aleatórias: a demanda e a mão de obra em Backoffice de serviço em um banco. Nesse trabalho, gráfico de controle de Shewhart tradicional e gráfico de controle de Shewhart com regras suplementares são analisados e os resultados obtidos confirmam a possibilidade de utilização da ferramenta de gráficos de controle para o gerenciamento e adequação de mão de obra para atender a demanda. O monitoramento da razão (demanda/ mão de obra) ajudará o gestor a alocar adequadamente o time (mão de obra) de acordo com a demanda e a capacidade produtiva. Como contribuição, o estudo avalia o comportamento da razão Z = X/Y em situação de alta variabilidade da variável X e baixa variabilidade da variável Y . / The monitoring of the ratio Z of two variables through control chart has been recently explored in the literature. This study analyses the efficiency and viability of this tool as a support to the manager\'s decision in capacity management of a Backoffice service in a business banking service. Traditionally, control charts have been used to monitoring production process in manufacturing companies, but recently it has been adopted in monitoring some classes of services. Although many pioneering definitions developed for manufacturing are still applied in the service activities, the service industry has some particularities as the impossibility to generate stock, for example. Thus, the need to adapt the resources of manpower to attend the demand becomes essential mainly in a current financial global crisis, with resource constraints. The control management is fundamental and urgent to plan a fast reaction to adequate its capacity in case of a large demand variation. Thus, monitoring is crucial to avoid vast and ensure efficiency. The aim of this paper is to present a control chart to monitor the ratio of the two random quantities: the demand and the labor of a Backoffice service in a business banking service. In this paper, traditional Shewhart and Shewhart with supplementary rules control charts are considered and the results confirmed the possibility to apply the control charts to help the management to adequate the manpower in order to attend the demand. The monitoring of the ratio (demand/manpower) will help the manager to allocate adequately the team (the manpower) according to the demand and the production capacity. The contribution of this study is the analysis of the behavior of the ratio Z = X/Y in situation of large variability of the variable X and low variability of the variable Y .

Toute procrastination à lutter contre le changement climatique aura pour conséquence une augmentation croissante des coûts à l'avenir (voir par exemple Stern, 2006). Le manque de changement dans le comportement des individus, indépendamment de l'investissement dans les technologies de réduction des émissions, pourrait entraîner des coûts exorbitants. Ces derniers sont déjà aujourd'hui très élevés en raison du faible nombre d’options disponibles pour réduire les émissions (Abrell, 2007; Bottrill, 2006; Proost, 2008; SDC, 2005). Par conséquent, des efforts sont nécessaires pour introduire des mesures politiques efficaces le plus rapidement possible. Bien que cette question concerne de nombreux secteurs de l’économie, cette thèse se concentre sur le secteur des transports car il s’agit de l'un des plus grands émetteurs de CO2 (CE, 2012). C’est également un secteur, qui se caractérise par des coûts de dépollution élevés. Cela signifie que tout progrès vers une technologie moins carbonée sera coûteuse et prendra du temps (Kesicki, 2012).Ostrom et al. (2012) signalent qu’une solution peut être trouvée en établissant et en appliquant des limites sur les ressources communes. De nombreuses études ont été entreprises à ce sujet (voir par exemple Dudley, 1993; Hackett et al., 1994; Kramer et al, 1986;. Randall, 1975, 1978;. Walker et al, 1991, 1992). Cependant, ce dernier n'a pas encore été épuisé. Au contraire, de nouveaux instruments de politique soulèvent de nouvelles discussions et suscitent le besoin pour de nouvelles recherches. Les « Personal Carbon Allowances » (PCA), aussi dénommés en français par le terme « permis d’émission », sont un de ces instruments. Le PCA est un instrument de politique publique de plafonnement et d’échange (« cap-and-trade ») dans lequel les droits d’émissions de carbone sont attribués à des individus. D'un point de vue néoclassique, les permis d'émission constituent un instrument de politique efficace et efficient dans la lutte contre la pollution (Weitzman, 1974; Montgomery, 1972). Ils entraînent une augmentation des prix qui couvre le montant exact des émissions produites par un individu. Toutefois, des éléments socio-psychologiques compliquent le problème. Cette thèse tente d’apporter un éclaircissement sur la manière dont l'économie comportementale pourrait être utilisée pour lutter contre la pollution de l'environnement du transport personnel. Elle fait des propositions concernant la mise en place des PCA et comment ces derniers pourraient influencer les choix personnels de déplacement. Plusieurs conclusions et recommandations en matière d’économie comportementale sont formulées dans quatre articles. Aux fins de cette thèse, trois des quatre articles sont basés sur des expériences. Dans les expériences de laboratoire, les sujets ont géré leurs quotas sous la dénomination française de « permis d'émissions » (et non de PCA) dans la mesure où l'étude a été menée en France. Une des conclusions mise en évidence par les expériences est que l'étiquetage a une influence positive sur les participants. L'effet de l'étiquetage pourrait être introduit dans le système PCA de différentes manières. Par exemple, les quotas de carbone personnels accordés à l’ensemble des activités pourraient être étendus sous forme de quotas pour les transports en commun. Les transports en commun pourraient être étiquetés dans le budget. Il s’agirait d’une alternative moins polluante que les transports privés., Les expériences montrent que les sujets, qui disposent d’un certain nombre de PCA à dépenser exclusivement pour les transports publics sont incités à privilégier ce mode de transport. Une autre leçon qui peut être tirée de cette thèse est l’importance du retour d’informations et d’expérience. Les individus peuvent non seulement s’appuyer sur leurs expériences personnelles passées pour faire des choix (y compris des choix de transport) mais aussi vouloir étendre leurs connaissances grâce au retour d'expérience ... / The excessive anthropogenic activities related to burning of fossil fuels emit around 80 percent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere per year, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014). Among the GHG emissions, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions belong to the most dangerous ones. About 40 percent of these CO2 emissions have remained in the atmosphere (880 ± 35 GtCO2) since 1750, contributing to the global warming effect (IPCC, 2014). Since the 1950s, humanity is clearly responsible for more than half of the observed increases in temperatures (IPCC, 2014). The world energy consumption in 2011 tripled when comparing to 1965 and it has increased more rapidly than the world population (BP and UN, 2012). The above problem concerns a number of sectors, but only one of them has become the main subject of this dissertation. More precisely, this dissertation focuses on the transportation sector, which belongs to one of the greatest contributors of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere ((EC, 2012). Researchers warn that if the personal transportation demand continues to augment, which is likely due to the steady increase in population and greater accessibility to transport modes, the levels of congestion could become intolerable and even more costly to mitigate (Stern, 2006; EEA, 2010; Ostrom et al., 2012). Lack of changes in individual’s behavior, irrespectively of investment in abatement technologies, could lead to excessive costs, which already today are estimated to be high due to a very few low-carbon alternatives available (Abrell, 2007; Bottrill, 2006; Proost, 2008; SDC, 2005). The essays presented in this dissertation shed some light on how insights from the behavioral economics could be used to tackle the environmental pollution from personal transportation. At the core, lies the implementation of a market-based policy instrument (i.e., personal carbon allowances) in hypothetical commuting choices. The personal carbon allowances, abbreviated as PCA, constitute “a right to pollute” the atmosphere during personal activities, such as commuting and traveling (Roberts and Thumim, 2006; Howell, 2008; 2012; Parag et al., 2011). This dissertation provides suggestions on how a PCA design could influence personal choices of commuting. On the basis of four essays, a number of conclusions were drawn, and policy recommendations were formulated. For the purposes of this dissertation, PCA was defined to be any ‘cap-and-trade’ public policy instrument in which carbon emission rights are allocated to individuals. Three out of four essays encompassed laboratory experiments. The experimental subjects managed their allowances under a term emission permits (les permis d'émission, in French) because the study was conducted in France. One of the conclusions that should be highlighted is that the labeling effect had a positive influence on the experimental subjects and that it would be beneficial to consider it in the PCA scheme. For example, the personal carbon allowances that are granted for all activities could be extended by allowances that would be valid for public transportation only. The public transportation should be labeled in the budget because it is a less polluting alternative to private transportation. Having a certain number of allowances for public transportation at their disposal, subjects may be more willing to use this transport mode in replacement of commuting by private transportation. Another lesson that can be drawn from this dissertation is that the provision of feedback matters. Moreover, individuals may not only rely on their personal past experiences but also may want to extend their knowledge by the feedback on activities of their peers or neighbours....

Many metropolitan cities motivate people to exploit public bike-sharing programs as alternative transportation for many reasons. Due to its’ popularity, multiple types of research on optimizing public bike-sharing systems is conducted on city-level, neighborhood-level, station-level, or user-level to predict the public bike demand. Previously, the research on the public bike demand prediction primarily focused on discovering a relationship with weather as an external factor that possibly impacted the bike usage or analyzing the bike user trend in one aspect. This work hypothesizes two external factors that are likely to affect public bike demand: weather and air pollution. This study uses a public bike data set, daily temperature, precipitation data, and air condition data to discover the trend of bike usage using multiple machine learning techniques such as Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest. After conducting the research, each algorithm’s output is evaluated with performance comparisons such as accuracy, precision, or sensitivity. As a result, Random Forest is an efficient classifier for the bike demand prediction by weather and precipitation, and Decision Tree performs best for the bike demand prediction by air pollutants. Also, the three class labelings in the daily bike demand has high specificity, and is easy to trace the trend of the public bike system.

Abstracts in English and Zulu / Quantitative and qualitative research methods, which are descriptive in nature, were employed in this study to investigate the ineffective and insufficient implementation of policies, procedures and processes of supply chain management and demand management. This topic was explored with particular reference to the Immovable Asset Management Component of the South African Police Service (SAPS). Data were gathered from managers and officials responsible for demand management in the SAPS through personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The collected raw data were analysed through the identification of key themes and the use of statistical methods and graphs. The findings revealed that the SAPS does not set realistic timelines and does not budget for all identified needs relating to immovable assets. End-user demands are subsequently not met. It was found that non-compliance with statutory requirements leads to inadequate implementation of generally accepted principles of supply chain management. It was also established that the SAPS does not have the capacity to fulfil its facility management needs. Importantly, there is a shortage of appropriately qualified technical officials. In addition, it was found that the commitment and accountability of officials involved in the implementation of demand management may be enhanced by creating a better common understanding of the meaning of demand management policies and procedures. Consequently, recommendations were made on how to strengthen demand management within the supply chain of the SAPS. The study therefore contributes to the effective implementation of demand management in public administration in South Africa, particularly at the SAPS. / Izindlela zocwaningo ezencike kumanani nakwizinga lengxoxo (Quantitative and qualitative research methods), okuyizindlela ezichaza ngokwezimpawu, zisetshenzisiwe kulolu cwaningo ukuphenya ngokungasetshenziswa ngokwanele kwemigomo, kwezingqubo nangokwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kochungechunge lwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza (supply chain) kanye nokuphathwa kwezinga lemikhiqizo efunekayo. Isihloko siye sahlolwa ngokubhekisisa kakhulu kohlelo Lwesigaba Sokuphathwa Kwempahla Engahambi/engagudluki Yophiko Lwezesiphoyisa (Immovable Asset Management Component of the South African Police Service) (SAPS). Idatha yaqoqwa kubaphathi kanye nkubasebenzi ababhekene nokuphathwa kwezinga lomkhiqizo ofunekayo ophikweni lwe-SAPS ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo kubantu kanye nemibhalo equkethe imibuzo (self-administered questionnaires). Idatha eqoqiwe eluhlaza engekasetshenzwa yahlaziywa ngokwehlukanisa izindikimba ezibalulekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zamanani kanye negilafu (statistical methods and graphs). Ulwazi olutholakele lukhombise ukuthi uphiko lwe-SAPS alubeki uhlelo lwezikhathi zoqobo futhi lolu hlelo alwenzi ibhajethi lazo zonke izidingo ezimayelana nezimpahla ezingahambi/ezingagudluki. Izimfuno zabasebenzisi bokugcina bomkhiqizo azifinyeleleki. Kutholakele ukuthi ukungalandelwa kwezimfuno zomthetho kuholele kwizinga lokusetshenziswa ngokungagculisi kwemigomo eyamukelwa uwonkewonke yokuphathwa kohlelo lochungechunge lwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi uphiko lwe-SAPS alunamandla okufeza izidingo zalo zokuphathwa kwezinhlaka zokusebenza. Okubalulekile, kunokusweleka kothisha kanye nabasebenzi abanekhono elifanele lesithekhinikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kutholakele ukuthi ukusebenza ngokuzibophelela nangokuziphendulela kwabasebenzi kubandakanye ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokufuneka kwempahla kungaqiniswa ngokwakha ukuzwisisana okungcono okuchaza imigomo kanye nezingqubo zokuphathwa kwezinga lempahla edingekayo. Okokugcina, kuye kwenziwa izincomo mayelana nokuthi amaxhama ezinga lokufuneka kwempahla ngaphakathi kohlelo lochungechunge lwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza ophikweni lwe-SAPS. Ngalokho-ke ucwaningo lufake igalelo ekusetshenzisweni kahle kohlelo lokuphathwa kwezinga lokufuneka kwempahla ohlelweni lokulawulwa kwezinhlaka zombuso eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi ophikweni lwe-SAPS. / Public Administration and Management / M. P. A. (Public Administration)