Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s military thinking and practice played an important role in upgrading China¡¦s national power. Having the interest of the whole nation and the defensive strategic thinking in mind, first of all, Deng Xiao Ping implemented military reform during the peacetime, which involved many aspects including politics (political party), economic reform, scientific and technical development, etc. and thus should be deliberated from an all-direction angle. Next, enlightened by the collapse of Russia, East Germany and Poland, Deng Xiao Ping promoted economic reform to ease the financial burden incurred from the establishment of self-reliant nuclear military strength in late 1950s¡¦ and early 1960s¡¦. Third, with his understanding toward the modern history of China, Deng Xiao Ping felt that the leader of China must play the roles of a neutral and arbitrator, so as to avoid any internal upheaval and vicious circle of conflict among political party, government and military. In view of this, all measures taken by Deng Xiao Ping during the period when he was in power were aimed to balance the powers among different factions. As a result, the political power shifted peacefully from the hands of soldier to the ones of civil officials. In Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s early life, he was only a member of the political committee in the army and lacked of practical fighting experience. Therefore, his military thinking and practice were primarily from his observation of changes in external environment as well as the internal system reform under the circumstance of war. As to his reform thinking, it came from trials and real practice. He tried to find out the right ways on the one hand and corrected his errors on the other hand: He refrained the economic liberalization from overheat by political interference; controlled the military by the leadership of the party; balanced the military factions and have them curb one another in order to stabilize the military in the process of four major reforms. As a planner and leader of China¡¦s reform and opening up, a leader of seeking truth from facts, and a realist, Deng Xiao Ping paid much attention to the accumulation of materials, development of productivity, and strategic thinking for national defense. In his opinion, China could get rid of poverty only when the materials were accumulated to a certain degree and became a rich country with strong military power only when its building up of national defense reached a certain scale. To view from current international situation, any reform measures brought about by Deng Xiao Ping to cope with the change of international situation in his time had been proven to be in conformity with the trend of the powerful countries in the world if judging from their effects and results. In addition, the build up of China¡¦s national defense supported by his economic reform was closely related to the future development on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, so notice must be taken to such development from time to time. Maybe, Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s military thinking and practice can be used as a reference for any studies on the future development of China¡¦s national power.

本論文研究目的主要在探討鄧小平時期，中共中央如何制定經濟政策，及探討影響政 策制定的因素和政策變遷。本論文內容共一冊，約十萬字，分六章十五節。 第一章：導論，說明研究目的，界定所用「決策過程」一詞的內涵，並提出研究架構 。 第二章：說明鄧小平與陳雲接收環境訊息管道，和對環境訊息認知的內容。 第三章：分析中共當前的經濟制度和決策結構。 第四章：分析鄧、陳基本性格，中共制定經濟政策的流程和鄧、陳對經濟政策的主張 。 第五章：說明行政系統對政策的執行過程和回饋訊息的管道，並分析政策轉變之因素 。 第六章：結論，對全文作一總結，檢討使用架構的可行性和適用性，並展望將來可能 之發展。

鄧小平提出「具有中國特色」的社會主義作為中國大陸現階段社會主義建設的口號， 希望能為中共奉行貳的馬列主義與現實環境之間的矛盾，提供一個可能的解決方案。 本篇論文的主旬就是從「革命理論」（由資本主義社會過渡到共產主義社會的理論） 以及「發展策略「（達成社會主義生產方式的方法、手段）兩個面向，來觀察中共如 何在一個「半殖民、半封建」的社會，建立起社會主義。中共在歷經蘇聯模式、毛澤 東的「大躍進」模式式二種發展策略後，體會出中國大陸的社會主義建設依舊無法解 決生產力和生產關係之門的矛盾，因此在鄧小平上臺後便實行「經濟體制改革（，以 發展生產力作為關鍵。但是為了解決僵硬的意識形態影響改革的問題，而對馬克思主 義採取「發展」的態度終必使得「革命理論」本身也產生修正或改變的現象，仗得發 展策略與革命理論發生辯證的關係。 「中國特色」的社會主義本身就還是一項不斷在發展的體，它未來的走向是一項耐人 尋味的問題。由於中國大陸社會主義本身繼承了史達林主義以黨和國家控制一切的特 質，因此它處處顯示出「國家主義」的色彩，雖然中共也採行某些市場機制以搞活經 濟，但是基本上具有中國特色的社會主義仍然是局限於「國家主義」模式的範疇；這 是由於在資本主義盛行的世界體系之下，社會主義建設本身還是得利用國家機器以爭 取世界分工秩序下一個較有利的地位。中國特色的社會主義一方面要求堅守社會主義 的原則，而另一方面則要求快速現代化。打破這種僵局的方法，還是在於找尋生產力 和生產關係在某一歷史階段的平衡點。