Zielsetzung: Die Gültigkeit des Modells der Stadien der Veränderung von Prochaska und DiClemente für die stationäre Alkoholentwöhnungstherapie empirisch zu prüfen. Methoden: Reliabilität, Faktorstruktur und Konstruktvalidität der Veränderungsstadienskala (VSS) wurden an Alkoholpatienten querschnittlich (N = 265) und längsschnittlich (N = 108) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Reliabilität der VSS fiel befriedigend aus mit Ausnahme der Skala «Precontemplation», die sich auf nicht motivierte Patienten bezieht. Die faktorielle Validität war insbesondere für die Skalen «Contemplation» und «Maintenance» unzureichend. Clusteranalysen ergaben eine nicht modellkonforme Drei-Cluster-Lösung einschließlich «uninvolvierter » Patienten. VSS-Werte waren durchgängig mit der Therapiemotivation korreliert. Prädiktive Validität (Behandlungsdauer, Rückfallvorhersage) konnte nicht belegt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Ansatz bestätigt seinen heuristischen Wert, kann aber noch nicht valide für praktische Entscheidungen in der Alkoholentwöhnungsbehandlung herangezogen werden. Spezifische Modelle für verschiedene Behandlungsgruppen und -settings scheinen Erfolg versprechender. / Aim: The validity of the ”Stages of Change” approach was tested in alcohol inpatient long-term treatment. Methods: Reliability, factor structure, and construct validity of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA, German version) was examined using cross-sectional (N = 265) and longitudinal data (N = 108). Results: Scale reliability proved to be satisfying, except for the precontemplation scale. Factorial validity was insufficient for the contemplation and the maintenance scale. Cluster analyses revealed a threecluster solution not in accordance with the model and included a cluster of ”uninvolved patients”. URICA-scores were correlated with therapy motivation, but predictive validity with respect to duration of treatment and prediction of relapse was not confirmed. Conclusions: The model proved to be of heuristic value but is not yet a valid basis for practical decisions. Models which are directed more specifically towards a particular treatment group or setting are expected to be more successful. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Reduction of long-term mortality risk, an important clinical outcome for people in alcohol dependence treatment, can rarely be established in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We calculated the reduction in all-cause mortality risk using data from short-term (6 and 12 months) double-blind RCTs comparing as-needed nalmefene treatment to placebo, and mortality risks from meta-analyses on all-cause-mortality risk by reduction of drinking in people with alcohol dependence. A reduction in drinking in the RCTs was defined by shifts in drinking risk levels established by the European Medicines Agency. Results showed that the reduction of drinking in the nalmefene group was associated with a reduction in mortality risk by 8% (95% CI: 2%, 13%) when compared to the placebo group. Sensitivity analyses confirmed a significant effect. Thus comparing the difference between nalmefene and placebo in reduction in drinking levels with results on all-cause mortality risk from meta-analyses indicated a clinically relevant reduction in mortality risk. Given the high mortality risk of people with alcohol dependence, abstinence or a reduction in drinking have been shown to reduce mortality risk and should be considered treatment goals.

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD) in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burden of disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and to investigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalence of AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people 18–64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resulting in close to 11 million affected people. Taking into account all people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resulted in an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalence of AD varied widely between European countries, and was significantly impacted by drinking cultures and social norms. Correlations with level of drinking and other drinking variables and with major known outcomes of heavy drinking, such as liver cirrhosis or injury, were moderate. These results suggest a need to rethink the definition of AUDs.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-31T15:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-31T18:35:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T18:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOLIDIANNEGOMES.pdf: 1366621 bytes, checksum: e138158357b024499b9f3aed8461ea4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / A presente pesquisa é uma análise documental que investiga os sites de instituições que oferecem atendimento aos usuários de drogas, lícitas ou ilícitas. Tem por objetivo delinear o perfil das instituições no Brasil que prestam assistência ao Dependente Químico e seus familiares, utilizando como ferramenta de busca as informações disponibilizadas nos sites da Web. Foi utilizado um formulário desenvolvido e aplicado pela própria pesquisadora para avaliar e compilar as informações acessíveis nos sites. O estudo observa que os sites se comunicam de maneira insuficiente, não contendo detalhamento adequado para apoiar a família e dependentes no processo de escolha do tratamento. Para a fundamentação teórica, abordou-se conceitos básicos sobre a Dependência Química, o Problema da Dependência Química na Perspectiva do Dependente e da Família e as Informações disponíveis sobre o Tratamento. Buscou-se confrontar os achados com a literatura pertinente. Os resultados evidenciaram a prevalência de instituições privadas, nas quais o principal modelo de intervenção é a abstinência. O gênero masculino tem predominância entre os dependentes, assim como, o internamento voluntário. A pesquisa evidenciou que as informações disponibilizadas através dos sites não são satisfatórias, muitas são superficiais, sem maiores detalhamentos do tratamento e serviço oferecidos. / The present research is a documentary analysis that investigates the sites of institutions that offer services to drug users, licit or illicit. It aims to outline the profile of the institutions in Brazil that provide assistance to the Chemical Dependent and their families, using as a search tool the information made available on the Web sites. A form developed and applied by the researcher was used to evaluate and compile the accessible information on the sites. The study notes that sites communicate poorly, not containing adequate detail to support the family and dependents in the process of choosing treatment. For the theoretical basis, we approached basic concepts about Chemical Dependency, the Problem of Chemical Dependence in the Dependent and Family Perspective, and the available Information about Treatment. We sought to confront the findings with relevant literature. The results showed the prevalence of private institutions, in which the main intervention model is abstinence. The male gender has a predominance among the dependents, as well as voluntary hospitalization. The research evidenced that the information made available through the sites is not satisfactory, many are superficial, without further details of the treatment and service offered.