abstract: Although many studies have looked into the relationship between depression and eating behaviors, most have not looked into the interaction between depressive mood, weight status, and eating behaviors; specifically the consumption of added sugars. This longitudinal study examined the relationship between depressive mood and added sugar consumption among college freshmen, and how weight status play a role in this relationship. A web-based survey assessing depressive mood score and added-sugar foods consumption, and height and weight measurements were obtained. A total of 511 participants (aged 18.5±0.4 years; 70.5% females) were recruited at Arizona State University from August 2015 through January 2016. The main outcomes measured were the relationship between depressive mood score and added sugar consumption (tsp/d) within each participants and between mean weight status groups (underweight & “healthy” weight, overweight, and obese). In the study, the mean added sugar consumption was 19.1±11.87 tsp/d. There were no significant association between depressive mood and added sugar consumption within or between freshman students over time. But overall, there was a slightly positive relationship between depressive mood and added sugar consumption across four time points. No significant interaction was found between BMI, depressive mood, and added sugar consumption within each student, but significant differences in the relationship of depressive mood and added sugar between mean weight status groups (p=0.025). Each individual’s BMI in the previous time points was significantly negatively associated with added sugar consumption in the current time points (beta = -0.70; p=0.010). The results from this study indicates that depressive mood may not affect added sugar intake in this sample. BMI did not have an impact on the relationship within each student, but have an impact between mean weight status groups, so further studies are needed to continue look at how BMI influences the relationship between depressive mood and added sugar consumption. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017

Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti tėvų pablogėjusios nuotaikos (depresiškumo ir streso) bei ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų agresyvaus elgesio bei fizinių negalavimų tarpusavio sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 110 tėvų, auginančių 3 – 6 metų amžiaus vaikus (95 moterys ir 15 vyrų). Tėvų vidutinis amžius 32 metai. Vaikų vidutinis amžius 4,5 metai; 57 berniukai ir 53 mergaitės. Tėvų apklausa buvo atlikta Kauno lopšelyje-darželyje „Naminukas“ ir Kauno menų darželyje "Etiudas". Tiriamiesiems buvo pateikiamas klausimynas kurį sudarė subjektyviai suvokto streso skalė, Zungo depresijos skalė ir elgesio ikimokykliniame amžiuje klausimynas. Taip pat buvo pateikti penki klausimai apie vaiko fizinius negalavimus ir du papildomi klausimai apie vaiko ligas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams labiausiai būdingas fizinis nusiskundimas yra pilvo skausmas. Tirtų vaikų grupėje agresyvių vaikų nei neagresyvių yra daugiau. Lyginant berniukus ir mergaites, tiek neagresyvių vaikų, tiek agresyvių vaikų grupėje abiejų lyčių pasiskirstymas yra panašus. Esant pablogėjusiai tėvų nuotaikai (daug patiriamo streso ir didelis depresiškumas) ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams pasireiškia daugiau agresyvaus elgesio požymių nei tiems vaikams, kurių tėvai nepasižymi pablogėjusia nuotaika (mažai patiriamo streso ir mažas depresiškumas). Agresyvūs ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai patiria daugiau fizinių negalavimų – galvos, pilvo ir skrandžio skausmų – nei neagresyvūs vaikai. Esant pablogėjusiai tėvų nuotaikai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between parent’s depressive mood and preschool age children aggressive behavior and physical symptoms. The subjects of the study were 110 parents who were growing 3 – 6 years old children. The mean of parent’s age was 32 year. The mean of children age was 4,5 year; 57 boys and 53 girls. Parents were quizzed in the Kaunas kindergarten “Naminukas” and Kaunas art kindergarten "Etiudas". There was given the questionnaire for the respondents which was made of tree scales: Perceived Stress Scale, Zung Self Rating Scale, Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ). Also five questions about child‘s physical symptoms and two extra questions about child’s diseases were given. The results showed that the most common physical symptom of preschool children is abdominal pain. There are more aggressive children than not aggressive children in the group of studied children. Comparing boys and girls the number of aggressive and not aggressive children is similar. When parent’s mood is depressive (high level of stress and depression) preschool age children show more symptoms of aggressive behavior than those children whose parents’ mood is not depressive. Aggressive preschool age children feel more physical symptoms than not aggressive children. When parent’s mood is depressive (high level of stress and depression) preschool age children feel more physical symptoms than those children whose parents’ mood is not depressive.

Vitiligo is an idiopathic, non-contagious and often familial depigmentation disorder affecting both sexes equally. The mostly progressive and patchy loss of the inherited skin colour is not only a cosmetical problem, it has a profound impact on the patient's well-being. Stigmatisation and rejection often causes depression, self-consciousness, sexual problems and an impaired quality of life. To further substantiate earlier investigations and to introduce new aspects, we utilised the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Adjustment to Chronic Skin Disorders Questionnaire (ACS) with its sub-scales on Social anxiety/avoidance, Helplessness and Anxious-depressive Mood in 422 patients and 55 healthy controls. We also included 103 children, their parents and 18 controls by using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and an adapted version of the ACS. We found that patients with vitiligo experience high levels of stigmatisation. They have an impaired quality of life and are more socially anxious/avoidant, helpless and (anxious-) depressive compared to healthy controls. The results correlate with disease severity, avoidant behaviour/hiding of vitiligo and the belief that psychological stress influences the disease. Female patients are generally more affected. Treatment with pseudocatalase PC-KUS improves quality of life and reduces anxious-depressive mood. Children also suffer from stigmatisation and an impaired quality of life. Parents are more socially anxious and helpless compared to the control group.

This dissertation focuses on an occupational stressor that has been recently introduced to the literature, illegitimate tasks, or tasks that seem unreasonable or unnecessary at work. Previous work has demonstrated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and a narrow set of discrete emotions as well as negative employee performance behaviors. The current research contributes to the literature by expanding the nomological network associated with illegitimate tasks and uses a rigorous daily diary methodology in a full-time working sample. It was expected that illegitimate tasks reduce state levels of self-esteem as well as other employee well-being indicators including anger, depressive mood, fatigue, job satisfaction, and sleep quality. Ninety participants filled out trait level surveys and subsequently completed daily dairy questionnaires three times daily for two workweeks. Daily diaries assessed experiences of illegitimate tasks as well as self-esteem and well-being. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test primary hypotheses. Results indicate that anger and job satisfaction are consistently, significantly associated with illegitimate task episodes throughout workdays; however, responses dissipate overnight. Depressive mood and fatigue tend to be related to illegitimate tasks as the workday carries on and these responses appear to persist into the following workday. Results are consistent with the notion that illegitimate tasks reduce state self-esteem. However, high trait levels of self-esteem may negate this relationship. No effects on sleep quality were evident. In sum, daily experience of illegitimate task episodes represents a meaningful occupational stressor that predicts reductions in employee self-esteem and employee well-being.

Vitiligo is an idiopathic, non-contagious and often familial depigmentation disorder affecting both sexes equally. The mostly progressive and patchy loss of the inherited skin colour is not only a cosmetical problem, it has a profound impact on the patient¿s well-being. Stigmatisation and rejection often causes depression, self-consciousness, sexual problems and an impaired quality of life. To further substantiate earlier investigations and to introduce new aspects, we utilised the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Adjustment to Chronic Skin Disorders Questionnaire (ACS) with its sub-scales on Social anxiety / avoidance, Helplessness and Anxious-depressive Mood in 422 patients and 55 healthy controls. We also included 103 children, their parents and 18 controls by using the Children¿s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and an adapted version of the ACS. We found that patients with vitiligo experience high levels of stigmatisation. They have an impaired quality of life and are more socially anxious / avoidant, helpless and (anxious-) depressive compared to healthy controls. The results correlate with disease severity, avoidant behaviour / hiding of vitiligo and the belief that psychological stress influences the disease. Female patients are generally more affected. Treatment with pseudocatalase PC-KUS improves quality of life and reduces anxious-depressive mood. Children also suffer from stigmatisation and an impaired quality of life. Parents are more socially anxious and helpless compared to the control group. / German Vitiligo Association (Deutscher Vitiligo Verein)

INTRODUCTION Insomnia became an object of concern in Aristotelian times, when he wrote a monograph on sleep disorders (350 BC). Although community of science and medicine has been interested in sleep disorders for almost 2000 years, however, there are not much information about the prevalence of insomnia, especially among citizens of developing countries. Epidemiological information about prevalence of insomnia and sleep complaints varies in different countries [Roth et.al., 1996], because of diversity of methodology for data collection. According to data of research carried out in the United States of America, Europe and Australia, 10–49% of population are not satisfied with their sleep quality. [Walsh, Ustun, 1999]. According to data of lifestyle research in Lithuania (1996), insomnia was a problem for 22.5% of male (from 20 to 64 years old) and 29.3% of female [Grabauskas, Klumbienė, 1998]. Sleep complaints among Lithuanian citizens have not been researched up to now, although, as foreign scientists maintain, sleep disorder can accelerate development of many somatic as well as mental diseases, besides, after a few sleepless nights, follows irritability, decrease of efficiency, it is difficult to concentrate, considerably increases risk of traffic accidents or accidents at work [Balter, Uhlenhuth, 1992]. Supposedly, there is a connection among heart and vascular diseases, sleep disorders and depression [Mahowald et.al., 1989]. Research that was carried out abroad proved... [to full text]

La victimisation au sein du groupe de pairs est un facteur de risque associé à l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs au début de l’adolescence. En contrepartie, le fait d’entretenir des relations d’amitié constitue un facteur protecteur important susceptible de modérer les conséquences négatives associées à la victimisation par les pairs. Toutefois, les bénéfices associés aux relations d’amitié peuvent varier en fonction de certaines caractéristiques de celles-ci. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié (c.-à-d., le caractère intime et soutenant de la relation et la propension des amis à co-ruminer) modèrent l’association entre la victimisation par les pairs et l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs sur une période d’un an. L'échantillon est composé de 536 élèves du secondaire auprès de qui la victimisation et les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié ont été évaluées au premier temps de mesure de façon auto-rapportée. Les symptômes dépressifs des élèves ont également été mesurés lors de deux années consécutives. Les résultats démontrent que le niveau de victimisation des élèves, la qualité des relations d’amitié et la tendance des amis à co-ruminer sont respectivement associés de façon concomitante à l’expression des symptômes dépressifs. En contrepartie, seule la co-rumination entre amis permet de rendre compte de l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs sur une période d’un an. L’association entre la victimisation par les pairs et le développement des symptômes dépressifs n’est toutefois pas modérée par les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié. / Victimization is an important risk factor for depression in early adolescence. On the other hand, having friends is an important protective factor susceptible of moderating the negative effects associated with victimization. However, the benefits associated with friendships may vary according to some of their characteristics. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether friendship characteristics (i.e. intimacy and support as well as co-rumination) moderate the association between victimization experiences and depressed feelings a year later. The sample is composed of 536 high school students whose victimization level, friendship quality and tendency to co-ruminate were self-reported at the first time point. Depressive mood were self-reported at the end of two consecutive years. Results show that victimization, friendship quality and co-rumination are respectively associated with concurrent depressive mood. However, only co-rumination predicted depressive mood a year later after controlling for initial adjustment. The link between peer victimization and depressive mood was not moderated by friendship characteristics.

La victimisation au sein du groupe de pairs est un facteur de risque associé à l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs au début de l’adolescence. En contrepartie, le fait d’entretenir des relations d’amitié constitue un facteur protecteur important susceptible de modérer les conséquences négatives associées à la victimisation par les pairs. Toutefois, les bénéfices associés aux relations d’amitié peuvent varier en fonction de certaines caractéristiques de celles-ci. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié (c.-à-d., le caractère intime et soutenant de la relation et la propension des amis à co-ruminer) modèrent l’association entre la victimisation par les pairs et l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs sur une période d’un an. L'échantillon est composé de 536 élèves du secondaire auprès de qui la victimisation et les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié ont été évaluées au premier temps de mesure de façon auto-rapportée. Les symptômes dépressifs des élèves ont également été mesurés lors de deux années consécutives. Les résultats démontrent que le niveau de victimisation des élèves, la qualité des relations d’amitié et la tendance des amis à co-ruminer sont respectivement associés de façon concomitante à l’expression des symptômes dépressifs. En contrepartie, seule la co-rumination entre amis permet de rendre compte de l’augmentation des symptômes dépressifs sur une période d’un an. L’association entre la victimisation par les pairs et le développement des symptômes dépressifs n’est toutefois pas modérée par les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié. / Victimization is an important risk factor for depression in early adolescence. On the other hand, having friends is an important protective factor susceptible of moderating the negative effects associated with victimization. However, the benefits associated with friendships may vary according to some of their characteristics. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether friendship characteristics (i.e. intimacy and support as well as co-rumination) moderate the association between victimization experiences and depressed feelings a year later. The sample is composed of 536 high school students whose victimization level, friendship quality and tendency to co-ruminate were self-reported at the first time point. Depressive mood were self-reported at the end of two consecutive years. Results show that victimization, friendship quality and co-rumination are respectively associated with concurrent depressive mood. However, only co-rumination predicted depressive mood a year later after controlling for initial adjustment. The link between peer victimization and depressive mood was not moderated by friendship characteristics.