In this thesis, the notion of the derivation spaces is introduced. In a suitable two-sorted language, the first order theory of these structures is studied. In particular, it is shown that the theory is not companionable. In the last section, the language is expanded by predicate symbols for a dependence relation. In this language it is shown that the extension of the corresponding theory has a model companion. It is shown that the model companion is a complete, unstable theory which does not eliminate quantifiers.

[pt] Este trabalho analisa os critérios de classificação das palavras formadas por derivação e composição em Português, com o objetivo de obter maior aprofundamento sobre as definições encontradas em gramáticas, livros e artigos que permeiam o tema. O objetivo é a verificação da adequação dessas definições a determinadas formações encontradas no corpus, assim como uma possível solução para problemas que envolvam essa ordem. Primeiramente, apresentamos as definições básicas sobre os elementos envolvidos no processo de formação de palavras. Em seguida, discutimos essas definições no aspecto tradicional, estruturalista e gerativo. Após, são oferecidas visões de autores contemporâneos que trabalham como outras línguas e que apresentam novos conceitos e características sobre elementos formadores. Finalmente, analisam-se as teorias selecionadas ao longo da discussão que são testadas em vocábulos do corpus. As conclusões mostram que os compostos de base presa apresentam elementos que são formas combinatórias que possuem comportamento específico e que não se enquadram nem como afixos, nem como radicais, sendo mais interessante, desse modo, a classificação de algumas dessas palavras como combinações e não composições. Além disso, verificou-se que formas que apresentam a mesma estrutura como preposição e como prefixo são homônimas, agregando características próprias de cada um desses elementos na formação. / [en] This work studies criteria of classification of derivation and compounding in Portuguese, with the intent of having a more solid understanding of the definitions found in grammars, books and articles dedicated to this topic. Our goal in to verify to which extent these definitions are adequate to describe data we analyzed in our corpus and to provide a possible solution to some crucial problems these data present. Initially, basic definitions of the elements related to word formation are presented. Then, these definitions are discussed in the traditional, structuralist and generative approaches. Next, we present and discuss different views of contemporary authors who work with analogous problems in other languages and propose new concepts and characteristics for the word structures that we analyze. Finally, the selected proposals are analyzed and tested in the words of the corpus. Our conclusion is that neoclassical compounds have elements which are combining forms that have a specific behavior, so that they cannot be classified as affixes, nor should they be classified as stems, which makes more interesting to consider these word structures as combinations rather than compounds. Furthermore, it was confirmed that forms which have the same structure as a preposition and as a prefix are homonyms, so that they add to the respective formations specific properties of each of these elements.

This study provides a syntactic analysis of the Senufo Nafara Determiner Phrase. It aims at investigating two major questions that are the status of definite markers, and the underlying structure and derivations leading to the surface word order [N AP Def Dem Num] observed in the language. I argue that the (indefinite) markers occurring in DPs are clitics attaching to the rightmost AP element, and spelling out the fused heads of several functional categories (gender, number, definiteness, and possibly others). In a cartographic approach to DP structure, I argue in favor of multiple Functional Projections occurring above NP. More particularly, I consider AP, DemP, and NumP as their own FPs in which adjectives, demonstratives, and numerals are all functional heads. While A and Dem show overt agreement in definiteness, gender, and number, cardinals do not. I argue that the surfacing word order is the result of roll-up movement with pied-piping, motivated and limited by agreement. Phrasal movement only occurs when required for agreement purposes, and more particularly in order to check uPhi features (and therefore EPP features). For that reason, numerals do not participate in movement, and surface in phrase-final position.

abstract: Access control has been historically recognized as an effective technique for ensuring that computer systems preserve important security properties. Recently, attribute-based access control (ABAC) has emerged as a new paradigm to provide access mediation by leveraging the concept of attributes: observable properties that become relevant under a certain security context and are exhibited by the entities normally involved in the mediation process, namely, end-users and protected resources. Also recently, independently-run organizations from the private and public sectors have recognized the benefits of engaging in multi-disciplinary research collaborations that involve sharing sensitive proprietary resources such as scientific data, networking capabilities and computation time and have recognized ABAC as the paradigm that suits their needs for restricting the way such resources are to be shared with each other. In such a setting, a robust yet flexible access mediation scheme is crucial to guarantee participants are granted access to such resources in a safe and secure manner. However, no consensus exists either in the literature with respect to a formal model that clearly defines the way the components depicted in ABAC should interact with each other, so that the rigorous study of security properties to be effectively pursued. This dissertation proposes an approach tailored to provide a well-defined and formal definition of ABAC, including a description on how attributes exhibited by different independent organizations are to be leveraged for mediating access to shared resources, by allowing for collaborating parties to engage in federations for the specification, discovery, evaluation and communication of attributes, policies, and access mediation decisions. In addition, a software assurance framework is introduced to support the correct construction of enforcement mechanisms implementing our approach by leveraging validation and verification techniques based on software assertions, namely, design by contract (DBC) and behavioral interface specification languages (BISL). Finally, this dissertation also proposes a distributed trust framework that allows for exchanging recommendations on the perceived reputations of members of our proposed federations, in such a way that the level of trust of previously-unknown participants can be properly assessed for the purposes of access mediation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2016

The main goal of this thesis is to present the theory of Locally Nilpotent Derivations and to show how it can be used to investigate the structure of the polynomial ring in two variables k[X;Y] over a field k of characteristic zero. The thesis gives a com- plete proof of Rentschler's Theorem, which describes all locally nilpotent derivations of k[X;Y]. Then we present Rentschler's proof of Jung's Theorem, which partially describes the group of automorphisms of k[X;Y]. Finally, we present the proof of the Structure Theorem for the group of automorphisms of k[X;Y].

Der Hauptuntersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit sind substantivische Suffixableitungen, die mindestens einmal im Korpus („Über den Umgang mit Menschen“ von Adolph Franz Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr (von) Knigge) ein Abstraktum bilden. In methodisch-theoretischer Hinsicht reiht sich die Arbeit u.a. in die Projekte der Innsbrucker Arbeitsstelle ein, bei der eine historisch-synchrone Wortbildungsanalyse im Mittelpunkt steht. Die Arbeit stellt einen Ausschnitt der Wortbildung unter graphematischen, morphologischen, funktionalen und lexikalischen Gesichtspunkten dar und vergleicht diesen Ausschnitt mit dem Wörterbuchbestand um 1800 und dem Bestand der neuhochdeutschen Sprache der Gegenwart. So soll gezeigt werden, inwieweit das Korpus einen sprachlichen Spiegel seiner Zeit abbildet bzw. inwieweit eine sprachliche Entwicklung (= Wortbildungswandel) stattgefunden hat. In einem Exkurs wird zusätzlich die abstrakte Wortbildung Umgang als Mittel zur Textbildung besprochen. / The main object of this thesis are nominal suffix derivations that form an abstract at least once in the corpus (“Über den Umgang mit Menschen” by Adolph Franz Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr (von) Knigge). From a methodological-theoretical point of view, the treatise is similar to the projects of the Innsbrucker Arbeitsstelle, which focuses on a historical-synchronous word formation analysis. The study presents a section of word formation from a graphematic, morphological, functional and lexical point of view and compares it with the dictionary inventory of around 1800 and the inventory of the New High German language of the present. In this way, the author demonstrates to what extent the corpus is a realistic representation of its time and to what extent a linguistic development (= change in how word formation is done) has taken place. In an excursus, the abstract word formation Umgang as a means of text formation is additionally discussed.

<p>Epilepsies are the results of abnormal brain hyperactivities caused by brain injury, drug intoxication, and genetic perturbations. In the group of genetic-related epilepsies, the ion channel mutations contribute 25% of total epilepsy cases. Many studies suggest some forms of severe epilepsies can start early in patients’ lives, with epilepsy starting during infancy and childhood. With the wide adoption of genomic sequencing in children having seizures, an increasing number of <em>SCN2A</em> genetic variants have been revealed as genetic causes of epilepsy. Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2, encoded by gene SCN2A, is predominantly expressed in the pyramidal excitatory neurons and supports action potential (AP) firing. One recurrent SCN2A genetic variant is L1342P, which was identified in multiple patients with epileptic encephalopathy and intractable seizures. However, the mechanism underlying L1342P-mediated seizures and the pharmacogenetics of this variant in human neurons remain unknown. To probe the potential hypothesized biophysical property changes, we used a heterologous expression system expressing the Nav1.2-L1342P. We observed prominent but quite complex gating kinetics without significant changes in window current. To understand the core phenotypes of the L1342P variant in human neurons, we took advantage of a reference human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from a male donor, in which L1342P was introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Using patch-clamping and microelectrode array (MEA) recordings, we revealed that cortical neurons derived from hiPSCs carrying heterozygous L1342P variant have significantly increased intrinsic excitability, higher sodium current density, and enhanced bursting and synchronous network firing, suggesting hyperexcitability phenotypes. Interestingly, L1342P neuronal culture displayed a degree of resistance to the anticonvulsant medication phenytoin, which recapitulated aspects of clinical observation of patients carrying the L1342P variant. In contrast, phrixotoxin-3 (PTx3), a compound showing greater specificity on Nav1.2 over other sodium channel subtypes, can potently alleviate spontaneous and chemically induced hyperexcitability of neurons carrying the L1342P variant. Our results reveal a possible pathogenic underpinning of Nav1.2-L1342P mediated epileptic seizures and demonstrate the utility of genome-edited hiPSCs as an in vitro platform to advance personalized phenotyping and drug discovery.</p>

In this thesis we derive time dependent equations that govern the physics of a thermal fluid flowing through a one dimensional pipe. We begin with the conservation laws described by the 3D compressible Navier Stokes equations. This model includes all residual terms resulting from the 1D flow approximations. The final model assumes that all the residual terms are negligible which is a standard assumption in industry. Steady state equations are obtained by assuming the temporal derivatives are zero. We develop a semi-discrete model by applying a linear discontinuous Galerkin method in the spatial dimension. The resulting finite dimensional model is a differential algebraic equation (DAE) which is solved using standard integrators. We investigate two methods for solving the corresponding steady state equations. The first method requires making an initial guess and employs a Newton based solver. The second method is based on a pseudo-transient continuation method. In this method one initializes the dynamic model and integrates forward for a fixed time period to obtain a profile that initializes a Newton solver. We observe that non-uniform meshing can significantly reduce model size while retaining accuracy. For comparison, we employ the same initialization for the pseudo-transient algorithm and the Newton solver. We demonstrate that for the systems considered here, the pseudo-transient initialization algorithm produces initializations that reduce iteration counts and function evaluations when compared to the Newton solver. Several numerical experiments were conducted to illustrate the ideas. Finally, we close with suggestions for future research. / Master of Science / In this thesis we derive time dependent equations that govern the physics of a fluid flowing through a one dimensional pipe. This model includes all error terms that result from 1D modeling approximations. The final model assumes that all of these error terms are negligible which is a standard assumption in industry. Steady state equations result when all time dependence is removed from the 1D equations. We approximate the true solution by a discontinuous piece-wise linear function. Standard techniques are used to solve for this approximate solution. We investigate two methods for solving the steady state equations. In the first method, one makes an educated guess about the solution profile and uses Newton’s method to solve for the true solution. The second method, pseudo-transient initialization, attempts to improve this initial guess through dynamic simulation. In this method, an initial guess is treated as the initial conditions for dynamic simulation. The dynamic simulation is then run for a fixed amount of time. The solution at the end of the simulation is the improved initial guess for Newton’s method and is used to solve for the steady state profile. To test the pseudo-transient initialization, we determine the number of function evaluations required to obtain the steady state solution for an initial guess with and without performing pseudo-transient initialization on it. We demonstrate that for the systems considered here, the pseudo-transient initialization algorithm reduced overall computational costs. Also, we observe that non-uniform meshing can significantly reduce model size while retaining accuracy. Several numerical experiments were conducted to illustrate these ideas. Finally, we close with suggestions for future research.

Quasi-hom-Lie algebras (qhl-algebras) were introduced by Larsson and Silvestrov (2004) as a generalisation of hom-Lie algebras, which are a deformation of Lie algebras. Lie algebras are defined by an operation called bracket, [·,·], and a three-term Jacobi identity. By the theorem from Hartwig, Larsson, and Silvestrov (2003), this bracket and the three-term Jacobi identity are deformed into a new bracket operation, &lt;·,·&gt;, and a six-term Jacobi identity, making it a quasi-hom-Lie algebra. Throughout this thesis we deform the Lie algebra sl2(F), where F is a field of characteristic 0. We examine the quasi-deformed relations and six-term Jacobi identities of the following polynomial algebras: F[t], F[t]/(t2), F[t]/(t3), F[t]/(t4), F[t]/(t5), F[t]/(tn), where n is a positive integer ≥2, and F[t]/((t-t0)3). Larsson and Silvestrov (2005) and Larsson, Sigurdsson, and Silvestrov (2008) have already examined some of these cases, which we repeat for the reader's convenience. We further investigate the following σ-twisted derivations, and how they act in the different cases of mentioned polynomial algebras: the ordinary differential operator, the shifted difference operator, the Jackson q-derivation operator, the continuous q-difference operator, the Eulerian operator, the divided difference operator, and the nilpotent imaginary derivative operator. We also introduce a new, general, σ-twisted derivation operator, which is σ(t) as a polynomial of degree k.

La thèse a pour objet le changement lexical en nez-percé, une langue en danger de l'Idaho (États-Unis)dont le nombre de locuteurs natifs est inférieur à quinze et qui est très peu décrite. L'étude comportedeux axes principaux : la description de la formation des noms de la langue et l'analyse des procédéslexicogéniques employés actuellement dans la création des unités lexicales relatives à l'alimentaire. Aprèsune synthèse linguistique qui renseigne sur la phonologie (plus particulièrement les variations engendréespar les procédés lexicogéniques), l'ordre des constituants et les syntagmes nominaux et verbaux, la thèseétudie la réduplication, la composition, la dérivation affixale (plus spécifiquement les dérivations parsuffixation du morphème de l'analogie et des suffixes ayant subis une conversion catégorielle), et lanominalisation. Puis elle traite de la lexicalisation des métonymies et des métaphores. Enfin, elle analyseles procédés qui conduisent à la création du lexique alimentaire de ces trente dernières années eteffectue une comparaison avec les ressources précédemment identifiées. / The doctoral dissertation analyzes the lexical change in nez perce, an endangered language spoken inIdaho (Unites States of America) that counts less than fifteen native speakers and lacks studies inlexicology. The work is divided into two parts : the description of noun formation, and the analysis of thenew food lexicon. After a synthesis on phonology (modifications due to lexical change), on word order,and on the nominal and verbal clauses, the thesis describes reduplication, compounds, the affixalderivation (especially nouns derived by analogical or converted suffixes) and the lexical nominalisation.Moreover, it deals with the lexicalisations of metonymies and metaphors. Then, it analyzes processes thatlead to the creation of the new food lexicon and compares them with the previously identified processesinvolved in the formation of noun.