Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-10-26T21:47:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TatyanaMariaSilvaDeSouzaRosendo_TESE.pdf: 2040660 bytes, checksum: 9c1896365bafc16c6077ccddfbb786a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T22:15:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TatyanaMariaSilvaDeSouzaRosendo_TESE.pdf: 2040660 bytes, checksum: 9c1896365bafc16c6077ccddfbb786a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T22:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TatyanaMariaSilvaDeSouzaRosendo_TESE.pdf: 2040660 bytes, checksum: 9c1896365bafc16c6077ccddfbb786a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / A morbidade materna grave, tamb?m conhecida como near miss materno, tem sido utilizada como alternativa ao estudo da mortalidade materna, pois al?m de ser mais frequente, compartilha os mesmos determinantes e possibilita a implementa??o da vigil?ncia epidemiol?gica dos casos. Desde ent?o, auditorias em hospitais t?m sido realizadas a fim de determinar as taxas de near miss materno, suas principais causas e seus fatores associados. Mais recentemente, inqu?ritos populacionais a partir da morbidade auto-referida tamb?m t?m sido apresentados como vi?veis na identifica??o desses casos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a preval?ncia de near miss materno e de complica??es no per?odo grav?dico-puerperal no munic?pio de Natal/RN e estudar seus fatores associados. M?TODO: Trata-se de um estudo seccional, de base populacional realizado no munic?pio de Natal/RN, Brasil, que tem como popula??o-alvo as mulheres de 15 a 49 anos que engravidaram nos ?ltimos cinco anos. Realizou-se um processo de amostragem probabil?stico com desenho de amostras complexas, no qual foram sorteados 60 setores censit?rios distribu?dos em tr?s estratos (norte, sul-leste e oeste). Em seguida sortearam-se os domic?lios que deveriam ser inclu?dos na pesquisa a fim de obter uma amostra de 1.135 mulheres eleg?veis nas quais foi aplicado um question?rio. Nas an?lises descritivas e de associa??es bivariadas aplicando o teste Qui-quadrado, calculando a Raz?o de Preval?ncia (RP) com intervalo de confian?a de 95% e considerando os pesos e efeitos do delineamento. A an?lise de regress?o de Poisson, tamb?m com signific?ncia de 5% e IC de 95%, foi utilizada para as an?lises dos fatores associados RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistadas 848 mulheres das 1.132 mulheres eleg?veis identificadas em 8.227 domic?lios percorridos, totalizando uma taxa de n?o-resposta de 7%. A preval?ncia de near miss materno foi de 41/1.000NV, sendo a interna??o em UTI (19/1.000NV) o marcador mais referido. A preval?ncia de complica??es no per?odo grav?dico puerperal foi de 21,2%, sendo a hemorragia (10,7%) e a infec??o urin?ria (10,7%) as condi??es cl?nicas mais relatadas e a perman?ncia no hospital por mais de uma semana ap?s o parto a interven??o mais frequente (5,4%). Quanto aos fatores associados, a an?lise bivariada mostrou associa??o entre o maior n?mero de complica??es nas mulheres da ra?a preta/parda (RP=1,23; IC95%=1,04-1,46) e com pior situa??o socioecon?mica (RP=1,33; IC95%=1,12-1,58), nas mulheres que fizeram o pr?-natal no servi?o p?blico (RP=1,42; IC95%=1,16-1,72), que n?o foram orientadas durante o pr?-natal sobre lugar onde deveriam fazer o parto (RP=1,24; IC95%=1,05-1,46), que fizeram o parto no servi?o p?blico (RP=1,63; IC95%=1,30-2,03), que percorreram mais de um hospital para realizar o parto (RP=1,22; IC95%=1,03-1,45) e que n?o tiveram acompanhante durante o parto (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,01-1,41) ou em todos os momentos da assist?ncia ao parto - antes, durante e depois do parto - (RP=1,25; IC95%=1,05-1,48). Al?m disso, o n?mero de dias de interna??o p?s-parto foi maior nas mulheres que tiveram mais complica??es (RP=1,59; IC95%=1,36-1,86). No modelo final da regress?o tanto o local do parto (RP=1,21; IC95%=1,02-1,44) como a condi??o socioecon?mica (RP=1,54; IC95%=1,25-1,90) mantiveram a associa??o. CONSIDERA??ES FINAIS: A realiza??o de inqu?ritos populacionais utilizando a defini??o pragm?tica de near miss ? fact?vel e pode acrescentar informa??es importantes sobre esse evento. Foi poss?vel perceber a express?o das iniquidades em sa?de relacionadas ? sa?de materna tanto na an?lise das condi??es socioecon?micas como na quest?o da utiliza??o dos servi?os de sa?de. / INTRODUCTION: Severe maternal morbidity , also known as maternal near miss , has been used as an alternative to the study of maternal mortality , since being more frequent shares the same determinants and enables the implementati on of epidem iological surveillance of cases . Since then, hospital audits ha ve been carried out to determine the rates of maternal near miss, its mai n causes and associated factors . More recently, population surveys based on self - reported morbidity have als o been presented as vi able in identifying these cases . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of maternal near miss and complications during pregnancy and puerperal period in Natal/RN. METHODS: A cross - secti onal population - based study was conducted in Natal /RN , Brazil, which has as its target population women aged 15 to 49 years who were pregnant in the last five years. It was carried out a probabilistic sam pling design based on a multi - stage complex sample , in which 60 census tracts were selected from three strata (north , south - east and west). Afterwards, domiciles were visited in order to obtain a sample of the 908 eligible women in whom a questionnaire was applied. The descriptive analyzes and bivariate ass ociations were performed using the Chi - square test and the estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR ) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and considering the weights and design effects . The Poisson regression analysis , also with 5% significance and 95% CI, was us ed for analyzes of associated factors. RESULTS: 848 women were identified and interviewed after visits in 8.227 households corresponding to a response rate of 93 . 4 %. The prevalence of maternal near miss was 41 . 1 /1 000NV, being the Intensive Care Unity stay i ng (19 . 1 /1 000 LB ) and eclampsia (13 . 5/1000LB) the most important marker s . The prevalence of complications in the puerperal peri od was 21 . 2 %, and hemorrhage (10 . 7%) and urinary tract infection (10 . 7%) the most frequently reported clinical conditions and rema in ing in the hospital for over a week after delivery the mo st frequent intervention (5.4%) . Regarding associated factors , the bivariate analysis showed an association between the increased number of complications in women of black/brown race ( PR= 1 . 23; CI95 % : 1 . 04 - 1 . 46) and lower socioeconomic status ( PR= 1 . 33; CI95%: 1 . 12 - 1 . 58) in women who had pre natal care in public service ( PR= 1 . 42; CI95%: 1 . 16 to 1 . 72 ) and that were not advised during prenatal about where they should do the d elivery (PR= 1 . 24; CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 46), made the del ivery in the public service (PR= 1 . 63; CI95%: 1 . 30 - 2 . 03), had to search for more than one hospital for delivery (PR=1 . 22; CI95%: 1 . 03 - 1 . 45) and had no companion during childbirth ( PR =1 . 19; CI95%: 1 . 01 - 1 . 41) or at all times of childbirth c are - before, during and after childbirth - ( PR= 1 . 25, CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 48) . Moreover, the number of days postpartum hospitalization was higher in women who had more complications (P R= 1 . 59 ; CI95%: 1 . 36 - 1 . 86). In the final regression model for both birth place (P R= 1 . 21 ; CI 95% : 1 . 02 to 1 . 44 ) and socioeconomic status (PR = 1.54 ; CI95%: 1 . 25 - 1 . 90 ) the association remained. CONCLUSION : Conducting population surveys using the pragmatic definition of near miss is feasible and may add importa nt information about this ev ent . It was possible to find the expression of health inequalities related to maternal health in the analysis of both socioeconomic conditions and on the utilization of health services.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T23:56:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-24T18:36:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T18:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As limita??es de atividades s?o dificuldades que um indiv?duo pode apresentar ao realizar determinadas tarefas da vida cotidiana e determina parte do estado de incapacidade do indiv?duo. No Brasil, a preval?ncia de limita??es de atividades chega a 32% da popula??o de pessoas idosas. Conhecer as preval?ncias de limita??es de atividades em termos de capacidade funcional da pessoa idosa e analisar as associa??es entre capacidade funcional e as caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas e econ?micas dos indiv?duos, bem como as caracter?sticas ecol?gicas de desigualdade social de g?nero e socioecon?micas no ?mbito das Unidades Federativas Brasileiras s?o pe?as fundamentais para a estrutura??o das a??es de assist?ncia e vigil?ncia em sa?de. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi criar um ?ndice de capacidade funcional e, desta forma, poder estimar a magnitude das diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional entre as pessoas idosas e examinar se estas diferen?as poderiam estar associadas a fatores contextuais socioecon?micos e de desigualdade social de g?nero em n?vel das Unidades Federativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e ecol?gico de base populacional que incluiu os residentes com 60 ou mais anos de idade participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa?de, conduzida em 2013, no Brasil. O ?ndice de capacidade funcional foi constru?do e validado a partir de um modelo de cr?dito parcial generalizado de teoria de resposta ao item, atendidos os pressupostos de dimensionalidade do espa?o latente e independ?ncia local estoc?stica. Foram estimadas as diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional em cada Unidade Federativa. Para determinar se as vari?veis contextuais socioecon?micas e de desigualdade social de g?nero foram associadas com as diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional, foram ajustados modelos de regress?o linear multin?vel com efeitos de intera??o de n?vel cruzado, controlados por vari?veis em n?vel individual e contextual, produzindo os coeficientes e respectivos intervalos de confian?a de 95%. Para o Brasil, os resultados indicaram que 17% dos idosos apresentaram alguma limita??o em atividades b?sicas da vida di?ria e 29% nas atividades instrumentais da vida di?ria. As mulheres apresentaram desvantagens em capacidade funcional maiores que os homens e encontrou-se no grupo de idosos octogen?rios uma preval?ncia de 70% nas limita??es de atividades. Os menores ?ndices de capacidade funcional foram encontrados entre os idosos com idade mais avan?ada, principalmente o grupo dos octogen?rios e analfabetos. Observou-se que as Regi?es Norte e Nordeste apresentaram maiores desvantagens na capacidade funcional, principalmente entre as mulheres. O Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Para?ba e Alagoas detiveram as piores condi??es de capacidade funcional entre os idosos. Al?m disso, em Alagoas, Maranh?o e Pernambuco as magnitudes das diferen?as de g?nero, em desfavor das mulheres, foram maiores. Com base nos resultados encontrados, a hip?tese deste estudo foi confirmada ao demonstrar que as Unidades Federativas Brasileiras com maiores diferen?as de g?nero em capacidade funcional foram aquelas com as maiores desigualdades sociais de g?nero, sendo amplamente influenciadas pelas maiores desigualdades de renda. / Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have to perform certain tasks of daily life and determines part of the individual's disability status. In Brazil, the prevalence of activity limitation reaches 32% of the population of elderly people. Knowing the prevalence of activity limitations in terms of functional capacity of the elderly and to examine the associations between functional capacity and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of individuals, as well as the social gender inequality and socioeconomic characteristics within the Brazilian Federative Units are fundamental to the structure of assistance actions and health surveillance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to create the functional capacity index and thus able to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in functional capacity among the elderly and examine whether these differences could be associated with social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual factors in terms of Federative Units. This is a cross-sectional and ecological population-based study that included residents aged 60 years old participating in the National Health Survey, conducted in 2013, in Brazil. The functional capacity index was developed and validated from a generalized partial credit model of item response theory, provided the assumptions of dimensionality of the latent space and stochastic local independence. Gender differences were estimated in functional capacity in each Federative Unit. To determine if the social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual variables were associated with gender differences in functional capacity were adjusted multilevel linear regression models with cross-level interaction, controlled by individual- and contextual-level variables, which yielded coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals. For Brazil, the results indicated that 17% of the elderly had some limitation in activities of daily living and 29% in instrumental activities of daily living. Women had higher functional capacity disadvantages than men and was found in the group of octogenarians a prevalence of 70% in activity limitations. The smallest functional capacity indexes were found among older people with older age, especially the group of octogenarians and illiterate. It was noted that the North and Northeast Region had greater disadvantages in functional capacity, especially among women. Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Alagoas detained the worst conditions of functional capacity among the elderly. Moreover, in Alagoas, Pernambuco and Maranhao the magnitude of gender differences, in disadvantage for women, were higher. Based on these results, the hypothesis of this study was confirmed by demonstrating that the Brazilian Federative Units with the largest gender differences in functional capacity were those with the greatest social inequalities of gender, being largely influenced by higher income inequality.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanmilleVS_DISSERT.pdf: 924305 bytes, checksum: f63a120cee4f02a246910cfb885de7a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / Despite the improvement of Brazilian s living conditions in recent decades, this improvement occurred in a polarized way between groups of better social position. Then, there is still a health inequity?s panorama in Brazil which encompasses the oral health state. This panorama instigated the attainment of this ecological study that aimed to evaluate the relationship of socioeconomic conditions, and public health policies with oral health status in Brazilian capitals. Thus, we performed factor analysis and linear regression using oral health indicators collected from SB Brasil 2010, of socioeconomic conditions from Brazilian Census 2010 and related to water?s supply fluoridation from SISAGUA. Factor analysis with indicators of living conditions revealed two common factors, economic deprivation and socio-sanitary condition. Economic deprivation showed statistically significant positive correlation with DMFT 12 years (p= 0,03) and mean missing teeth (p = 0,002) and negative correlation with caries-free population (p=0,012). Socio-sanitary negatively correlated with DMFT (p <0,0001) and a positive correlation with caries-free population (p = 0.002). Fluoridated water had a significant association with DMFT (p <0,0001), mean missing teeth (p <0,0001) and caries free population (p <0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis for the DMFT of capital was estimated by socio-sanitary condition and fluoridation, adjusted by economic deprivation, whereas the model for the mean missing teeth was estimated only by fluoridation and economic deprivation, and finally the model the rate for the population free of caries in Brazilian capitals was estimated by economic and socio-sanitary status adjusted fluoridated water supply. Therefore, factors related to living conditions and public policies are intrinsically linked to tooth decay issues. Thus, actions, beyond dental care assistance, must be development to impact positively in social and economic conditions, especially, between the most vulnerable populations / Apesar da melhoria das condi??es de vida dos brasileiros nas ?ltimas d?cadas, esta ocorreu de forma polarizada entre grupos de melhor posi??o social. Assim, persiste um panorama de iniquidades em sa?de no Brasil que abrange, inclusive, a situa??o de sa?de bucal. Tal panorama instigou a realiza??o deste estudo ecol?gico que visou avaliar a rela??o das condi??es socioecon?micas (SE), bem como de pol?ticas de sa?de p?blica com as condi??es de sa?de bucal nas capitais brasileiras. Para tanto, foram realizadas an?lise fatorial e de regress?o linear utilizando indicadores de sa?de bucal coletados do SB Brasil 2010, de condi??es socioecon?micas do Censo Brasileiro 2010 e relativos ? fluoreta??o das ?guas de abastecimento do Sisagua. A An?lise fatorial com os indicadores de condi??es de vida revelou dois fatores comuns; depriva??o econ?mica e condi??o s?cio-sanit?ria. Depriva??o econ?mica apresentou correla??o positiva estatisticamente significativa com o CPO-D 12 anos (p=0,03) e m?dia de dentes perdidos (p=0,002) e correla??o negativa com popula??o livre de c?rie (p=0,012). Condi??o s?cio-sanit?ria mostrou correla??o negativa com CPO-D (p<0,0001) e correla??o positiva com popula??o livre de c?rie (p=0,002). ?gua de abastecimento fluoretada teve associa??o significativa com CPO-D (p<0,0001), m?dia de dentes perdidos (p<0,0001) e popula??o livre de c?rie (p<0,0001). An?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla para o CPO-D das capitais foi estimado pelas condi??es s?cio-sanit?rias e fluoreta??o, ajustado pela depriva??o econ?mica; enquanto que o modelo para a m?dia de dentes perdidos foi estimado apenas pela fluoreta??o e depriva??o econ?mica, e por fim, o modelo para a taxa da popula??o livre de c?rie nas capitais brasileiras foi estimado pela condi??o econ?mica e s?cio-sanit?ria ajustadas pelo abastecimento de ?gua fluoretada. Portanto, quest?es relativas ?s condi??es de vida e ?s pol?ticas p?blicas est?o intrinsecamente associadas ? c?rie dent?ria. Assim, ? preciso desenvolver a??es, para al?m da assist?ncia odontol?gica, para impactar positivamente nas condi??es econ?micas e sociais, sobretudo, das popula??es mais vulner?veis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GerlieneMSA_DISSERT.pdf: 1373192 bytes, checksum: ae98ef68760a45b957ffea40dff5d730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Many surveys are conducted comparing oral health conditions with individual variables, such as socioeconomic and demographic factors. However, in the same way that individuals differ among themselves, the groups also have their own characteristics and the effects of this differentiation must be researched. Brazil, despite being one of the major economic powers of the world and shows an improvement in the average value of its health indicators, is also one of the most unequal and remains among the countries with the greatest health inequities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of social determinants on the contextual level oral health among Brazilian adolescents, population not much researched by the literature. The research was made using an ecological approach in order to identify possible inequalities between cities and capitals. Using data from SBBrasil 2010 it was evaluated less common outcomes (loss of first molar, dental care index and T-Health) which provide information on the degree of morbidity of caries and health level of dental tissues, in addition to analyze the related services. The association of these oral health indicators with socioeconomic factors such as income, employment, education and inequality, collected from Census 2010, was analyzed by simple and multiple linear regressions. The study included the 27 state capitals and four clusters representing the municipalities of the country. It was possible to see better access to services in locations with better income distribution. However, the strong association of contextual factors related to poverty, low levels of education and poor housing and jobs with poorer levels of oral health in adolescents seems to overshadow the effects of income inequalities on dental caries in the country. In some locations, particularly within the North and Northeast, whichever one keeps dentistry mutilating, whose effects are already noticeable in its adolescent population. Access to restorative services in Brazil remains limited and unequal. The results of this study highlight the inequities in oral health in the country and show the need of the inclusion of new perspectives on the traditional approach of Preventive Dentistry and education models in Dentistry. Tackling health inequalities in oral health in the country requires the cooperation of various actors involved in the process and the inclusion of oral health in the context of overall health. The social determinants approach, as well as evaluating the distribution of oral diseases in the country and its inclusion in the context of overall health, should guide the implementation of programs and oral health practices in order to contribute to the reduction of inequalities / Muitas pesquisas s?o realizadas confrontando condi??es de sa?de bucal com vari?veis individuais, como fatores socioecon?micos e demogr?ficos. No entanto, da mesma forma que os indiv?duos divergem entre si, os grupos tamb?m possuem caracter?sticas pr?prias e os efeitos dessa diferencia??o precisam ser pesquisados. O Brasil, apesar de ser uma das maiores pot?ncias econ?micas do mundo e vir apresentando uma melhoria no valor m?dio de seus indicadores de sa?de, ? tamb?m um dos mais desiguais e permanece entre os pa?ses com maiores iniquidades em sa?de. A proposta deste estudo foi pesquisar a import?ncia dos determinantes sociais a n?vel contextual na sa?de bucal de adolescentes brasileiros, popula??o pouco pesquisada na literatura. A pesquisa foi feita atrav?s de uma abordagem ecol?gica, no intuito de identificar poss?veis desigualdades entre munic?pios e capitais. Utilizando dados do SBBrasil 2010, foram avaliados desfechos menos comuns (perda do 1? molar, ?ndice de cuidados odontol?gicos e T-Health) que fornecem informa??es sobre o grau de morbidade da c?rie e o n?vel de sa?de dos tecidos dent?rios, al?m de abordar aspectos relacionados aos servi?os. A associa??o destes indicadores de sa?de bucal com fatores socioecon?micos como renda, emprego, educa??o e desigualdade, coletados do CENSO 2010, foi analisada por meio de regress?o linear simples e m?ltipla. Os dom?nios do estudo inclu?ram as 27 capitais brasileiras e 4 clusters representativos dos munic?pios do interior do pa?s. Foi poss?vel constatar um melhor acesso aos servi?os em localidades com melhor distribui??o de renda. No entanto, a forte associa??o de fatores contextuais relativos ? pobreza, baixos n?veis de educa??o e m?s condi??es de moradia e emprego com piores n?veis de sa?de bucal em adolescentes parece ofuscar os efeitos das desigualdades de renda sobre os agravos bucais no pa?s. Em algumas localidades, em especial no interior das regi?es Norte e Nordeste, continua prevalecendo uma odontologia mutiladora, cujos efeitos s?o percept?veis j? em sua popula??o adolescente. O acesso aos servi?os restauradores no Brasil ainda permanece limitado e desigual. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam as iniquidades em sa?de bucal no pa?s e mostram a necessidade da inclus?o de novas perspectivas na abordagem tradicional da Odontologia Preventiva e nos modelos de educa??o em Odontologia. O combate a essas iniquidades requer a coopera??o dos v?rios autores envolvidos no processo e a inclus?o da sa?de bucal no contexto da sa?de geral. A abordagem dos determinantes sociais, bem como a avalia??o da distribui??o das doen?as bucais no territ?rio brasileiro e sua inclus?o no contexto da sa?de em geral, devem nortear a implementa??o de programas e a??es em sa?de bucal, de forma a contribuir para a redu??o das desigualdades

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-20T23:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao final-kelly.pdf: 2966404 bytes, checksum: 270972253f907c890371ecccbf1c9dfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T23:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao final-kelly.pdf: 2966404 bytes, checksum: 270972253f907c890371ecccbf1c9dfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-14 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and the second leading cause of death in children under five years in all countries of the world. Its etiology is not well known and many risk factors have been blamed for their occurrence, among them are those related to social inequality, low education, poor access to health services and the black race. There are several evidences that ethnic and racial disparities can lead to premature birth, however, in Brazil, there are few studies that seek to evaluate the association of race/skin color and the occurrence of prematurity. To analyze the incidence of prematurity and maternal racial differences is necessary so that ethnic and racial disparities can be considered when planning programs to improve health outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between race/color maternal and prematurity among pregnant women assisted in the prenatal public network, residents in Santo Ant?nio de Jesus - Bahia. The design of this study was through conducting a meta-analysis and cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort study of a random sample of pregnant women assisted in the prenatal public health network services. For the meta-analysis were analyzed 17 articles of observational epidemiological studies. The meta-analysis indicates a positive association to the risk of prematurity according to race / skin color, where the black women had a risk of 51% more premature birth, compared with non-black women (RR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.65). In the cross-sectional study in a sample of 938 pregnant women, 18 to 45 years old the prevalence of preterm birth was 11.8% and the probability of prematurity was higher in black women (PR = 2.16, CI: 1.12 to 4.17) when compared with non-black women. The results highlight the variation in the prevalence of prematurity according to race / color, even after adjustment of covariates. / A prematuridade ? a principal causa da morbimortalidade neonatal e a segunda maior causa de morte em menores de cinco anos em todos os pa?ses do mundo. Sua etiologia n?o ? bem conhecida e muitos fatores de risco t?m sido responsabilizados pela sua ocorr?ncia, dentre eles est?o os relacionados a desigualdades sociais, como baixa escolaridade, dif?cil acesso aos servi?os de sa?de e a ra?a/cor da pele negra. H? evid?ncias de que as disparidades ?tnico-raciais podem levar a prematuridade gestacional, no entanto, no Brasil, poucos s?o os estudos que buscam avaliar a associa??o da ra?a/cor da pele e a ocorr?ncia da prematuridade. Analisar a ocorr?ncia da prematuridade gestacional e diferen?as raciais maternas se faz necess?rio, para que as disparidades ?tnico-raciais possam ser consideradas no planejamento de programas para melhorar os resultados de sa?de. O objetivo desse estudo ? analisar a associa??o entre a ra?a/cor materna e a prematuridade entre as gestantes acompanhadas no pr?-natal da rede p?blica, residentes no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio de Jesus ? Bahia. O delineamento deste estudo se deu atrav?s de realiza??o de uma meta-an?lise e um estudo de corte transversal aninhado a uma coorte prospectiva de uma amostra aleat?ria de gestantes acompanhadas nos servi?os de pr?-natal da rede p?blica de sa?de. Para a meta-an?lise foram analisados 17 artigos de estudos epidemiol?gicos observacionais. A meta-an?lise indicou uma associa??o positiva para o risco da prematuridade segundo a ra?a/cor da pele, onde as mulheres negras apresentaram um risco de 51% a mais de parto prematuro, se comparado com mulheres n?o negras (RR: 1,51; IC 95%: 1,39-1,65). No estudo de corte transversal em uma amostra de 938 gestantes, de 18 a 45 anos de idade a preval?ncia da prematuridade gestacional foi de 11,8% e a probabilidade da prematuridade foi maior nas mulheres negras (RP= 2,16; IC: 1,12 ? 4,17) quando comparadas com as mulheres n?o negras. Os resultados revelam varia??o na preval?ncia da prematuridade de acordo a ra?a/cor da pele, mesmo ap?s o ajuste das co-vari?veis.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-05-03T21:47:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o _Roberta.pdf: 3305166 bytes, checksum: a41670e5ec5d0826e0e9c965b8330933 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T21:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o _Roberta.pdf: 3305166 bytes, checksum: a41670e5ec5d0826e0e9c965b8330933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Studies relating to the investigation of the standards of life and health of Quilombola populations are still limited, especially regarding the analysis of the factors associated with the prevalence of injuries and diseases. Aims: Analyzing diseases and injuries which are more prevalent and verifying their association with socioeconomic, environmental factors and health patters in Quilombola communities in Feira de Santana, Bahia, in 2016. Materials and methods: this is a population-based prevalence study carried out with 864 adults quilombolas of both sexes, aged above 18 years, residents in two Quilombolas communities of Feira de Santana, Bahia. A probabilistic sample was used. The data were collected through home visits, having been applied three validated instruments, containing questions related to demographic, socio-economic standards, environmental, health patterns as well as diseases and injuries. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out, whereas a IC80% and p ? 0,20 were considered to verify the association between the exposure and outcome variables. An exploratory factor analysis, from the use of the tetrachoric correlation, in order to identify which diseases and injuries represent the higher prevalence the most. In order to analyze the factors associated with diseases and injuries, it was used the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Data were analyzed using the statistical package Stata Corportion College Station, United States (STATA), in version 12.0. As a result of this research findings, two scientific papers were written. The first one is a descriptive study, which aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of the living standards and health of Quilombola communities. To achieve the aims of this article, averages of the quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequencies of qualitative variables of each community were estimated as well as the prevalence of injuries and diseases. The second article is an exploratory study, which analysed the social determinants of disease and injuries in Quilombolas communities of Feira de Santana, Bahia. Through the exploratory factor analysis, latent factors were established. In addition, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to test statistically significant association. Results: in the first article, it was found that Quilombola communities of Feira de Santana, Bahia have very similar demographic andsocioeconomic characteristics and both are vulnerable in theirlife and health standards. From 864 respondents, 63,0% were female, married, with an avarage of 42,6 years of age and an average of 7 years of schooling, as well as 73,4% have informal jobs, especially in the roles of farmer labors and agricultors. In relation to environmental vulnerability, it is pointed out that 99,5 percent have no sanitarian system. Among the data on health patterns, it was noted that 67,1% said that they rarely seek for health services. The most prevalent diseases were: Hypertension (22,3%); diseases of bones (15,8%); diseases of sspine (38,4%) parasitic diseases (25,0%). The most prevalent health aggravations were linked to mental health: anxiety (26,7%); phobias (12,3%) and mental disorders (18,4%). In the second article it was found that the factors which responded more to diseases and most prevalent injuriess were related to mental health diseases (48,8%), chronic diseases (39,2%) and diseases of bones and spine (50,0%). Factor 1: mental health injuries it was found that families who do not receive social benefits have 1,43 times higher chance of having some aggravation in mental health. Factor 2: chronic diseases, it was found that individuals who have little consumption of vegetables and fruits show to have possibility of 1,42 times higher chances to develop a chronic disease. Factor 3: diseases of the bones and spine. It was observed that the individuals who are working have 1,44 times greater chance of having bone and spine diseases. For those who receiving social benefits, that possibility raises to 1,93 times of chance to develop spine and bone diseases. The hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed for the three factors (1-mental health harms, 2-chronic diseases and bone diseases and 3 column). Multivariate analysis on the associated factors of diseases and injuries in the Quilombola communities, with respect to the factor 1 were: receiving social benefits (HR=1,63 CI80%:1,07; 2,50); material used in the construction of the house (HR=3,22; CI80%:1,17; 8,80); disposal of the garbage (HR=1,51 CI80%:1,07; 2,13); have bathroom (HR=2,82; CI80%:1,17; 6,77); self-assessment of health (HR=2,64 CI80%:1,92; 3,65); type of medication: (HR=0,15; CI80%:0,05; 0,45); problems with cavities/canal (HR=1,47 CI80%:1,07; 2,01); age (HR=1,84; CI80%:1,19; 2,84) and sex (HR=0,48 CI80%:0,34; 0,67). In relation to the factor 2, were: material used in the construction of the house (HR=3,18; CI80%:1,09; 9,28); have bathroom (HR=3,69 CI80%:1,36; 10,01); age (HR=1,87; CI80%:1,18; 2,95) and sex (HR=0,47; IC80%:0,32; 0,68). For factor 3, the variables were: years of study (HR=1,77; CI80%:1,20; 2,62); self-assessment of health (HR=1,64; CI80%:1,15; 2,32); type of medication (HR=6,12; CI80%: 2,59; 14,4) and age (HR=1,61; CI80%:1,03; 2,51). Conclusions: scientific evidence was produced about the living standards and health of Quilombola communities of Feira de Santana, Bahia and of social determinants associated with diseases and injuries that reach these populations the most. Thus, it was found that diseases and injuries in Quilombola populations are determined by demographific, socioeconomic, environmental factors and health patterns. It is expected that the results of this study may support further research with this kind of population and that it may contribute to the implementation of specific health and social policies, as well as to carry out intersectoral interventions with loco-regional applicability. / Ainda s?o escassos os estudos referentes ? investiga??o da condi??o de vida e sa?de das popula??es quilombolas, especialmente no que tange ? an?lise dos fatores associados ? preval?ncia de doen?as e agravos. Objetivos: Analisar as doen?as e agravos mais prevalentes e verificar sua associa??o com fatores socioecon?micos, ambientais e das condi??es de sa?de nas comunidades quilombolas do munic?pio de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no ano de 2016. Materiais e M?todos: Trata-se de um estudo de preval?ncia, de base populacional, realizado com 864 adultos quilombolas, de ambos os sexos, com idade acima de 18 anos, residentes nas duas comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Foi utilizada uma amostra probabil?stica. A coleta de dados foi realizada atrav?s de visitas domiciliares, tendo sido aplicados tr?s instrumentos validados, contendo perguntas referentes ?s condi??es demogr?ficas, socioecon?micas, ambientais, das condi??es de sa?de e acerca das doen?as e agravos. Foram feitas an?lises descritivas e bivariadas, considerando um IC80% e p?0,20 para verificar a associa??o entre as vari?veis de exposi??o e de desfecho. Realizou-se uma an?lise fatorial explorat?ria, a partir do emprego da correla??o tetrac?rica, com objetivo de identificar quais as doen?as e agravos mais prevalentes. Para analisar os fatores associados ?s doen?as e agravos, empregou-se a an?lise de regress?o log?stica hierarquizada. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o pacote estat?stico Stata Corportion Colege Station, Estados Unidos (STATA), em sua vers?o 12.0. A partir dos achados desta pesquisa, foram elaborados dois artigos cient?ficos. O primeiro artigo corresponde a um estudo descritivo, o qual visou tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico das condi??es de vida e sa?de das comunidades quilombolas. Para atingir os objetivos deste artigo, foram estimadas as m?dias das vari?veis quantitativas e as frequ?ncias absolutas e relativas das vari?veis qualitativas, de cada comunidade, assim como foram estimadas a preval?ncia das doen?as e agravos. O segundo artigo se constitui em um estudo explorat?rio, o qual analisou os fatores associados a doen?as e agravos nas comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Mediante a an?lise fatorial explorat?ria, foram estabelecidos os fatores latentes. Al?m disso, foram realizadas an?lises bivariadas e multivariadas para verifica??o de associa??o estatisticamente significante. Resultados: No primeiro artigo, constatou-se que as comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana-BA possuem caracter?sticas demogr?ficas e socioecon?micas bem similares, sendo que as duas se encontram vulnerabilizadas em sua condi??o de vida e sa?de. Dos 864 entrevistados, 63,0% s?o do sexo feminino, casados, apresentando uma m?dia de idade de 42,6 anos, e de escolaridade, uma m?dia de 7 anos de estudo, bem como 73,4% realizam trabalhos informais, especialmente nas fun??es de lavrador e agricultor. Em rela??o ? vulnerabilidade ambiental, destaca-se que 99,5% n?o possuem rede de esgoto. Dentre os dados relativos ?s condi??es de sa?de, observou-se que 67,1% disseram raramente procurar os servi?os de sa?de. As doen?as de maior preval?ncia foram: doen?as de ossos (15,8%); hipertens?o arterial (22,3%); doen?as parasit?rias (25,0%); doen?as de coluna (38,4%). Os agravos em sa?de mais prevalentes ligados ? sa?de mental foram: fobias (12,3%); transtornos mentais comuns (18,4%) e ansiedade (26,7%). No segundo artigo verificou-se que, os fatores que mais respondiam ?s doen?as e agravos mais prevalentes estavam relacionados a doen?as cr?nicas (39,2%); agravos em sa?de mental (48,8%) e a doen?as de ossos e coluna (50,0%). Do fator 1: agravos em sa?de mental, verificou-se que fam?lias que n?o recebem benef?cios sociais t?m 43% mais chances de ter algum agravo em sa?de mental. Do fator 2: doen?as cr?nicas, constatou-se que os indiv?duos que fazem pouco consumo de verduras, frutas e legumes apresentam possibilidade de 1,42 mais chances de desenvolver uma doen?a cr?nica. Do fator 3: doen?as dos ossos e de coluna, averiguou-se que sujeitos que est?o trabalhando t?m 1,44 mais chances de ter doen?as de ossos e coluna, e para os que n?o recebem benef?cios sociais, essa possibilidade aumenta para 1,93 vezes. A an?lise de regress?o log?stica hier?rquica foi realizada para os tr?s fatores (1- agravos em sa?de mental, 2- doen?as cr?nicas e 3- doen?as de ossos e coluna). Na an?lise multivariada os fatores associados ?s doen?as e agravos nas comunidades quilombolas, no que tange ao fator 1 foram: recebimento de benef?cios sociais (OR=1,63 IC80%:1,07; 2,50); material utilizado na constru??o da casa (OR=3,22; IC80%:1,17; 8,80); destino do lixo (OR=1,51 IC80%:1,07; 2,13); ter banheiro (OR=2,82; IC80%:1,17; 6,77); autoavalia??o de sa?de (OR=2,64 IC80%: 1,92; 3,65); tipo de medica??o: (OR=0,15; IC80%:0,05; 0,45); problemas com c?ries/canal (OR=1,47 IC80%:1,07; 2,01); idade (OR=1,84; IC80%:1,19; 2,84) e sexo (OR=0,48 IC80%: 0,34; 0,67). Em rela??o ao fator 2 foram: material utilizado na constru??o da casa (OR=3,18; IC80%:1,09; 9,28); ter banheiro (OR=3,69 IC80%:1,36; 10,01); idade (OR=1,87; IC80%: 1,18; 2,95) e sexo (OR=0,47; IC80%:0,32; 0,68). No fator 3 as vari?veis foram: anos de estudo (OR=1,77; IC80%:1,20; 2,62); autoavalia??o de sa?de (OR=1,64; IC80%:1,15; 2,32); tipo de medica??o (OR=6,12; IC 80%:2,59; 14,4) e idade (OR=1,61; IC80%:1,03; 2,51). Conclus?es: Produziram-se evid?ncias cient?ficas acerca das condi??es de vida e sa?de das comunidades quilombolas do munic?pio de Feira de Santana-BA e dos fatores associados ?s doen?as e agravos que mais atingem essas popula??es. Nesta dire??o, verificou-se que as doen?as e agravos nas popula??es quilombolas s?o determinados por fatores demogr?ficos, socioecon?micos, ambientais e das condi??es de sa?de. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados subsidiem novas pesquisas com essa popula??o e que possam contribuir para a implementa??o de pol?ticas sociais e de sa?de espec?ficas, assim como para a realiza??o de interven??es intersetoriais com aplicabilidade loco-regional.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GenycleaSO_DISSERT.pdf: 2009007 bytes, checksum: 19a6d4fcd41f06f499ef6b4431291aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / In Brazil, despite the decline in infant mortality in recent decades it still has high rates going against recommended by WHO. Being the largest percentage of infant mortality rate composed of neonatal deaths. Objective: A study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of neonatal mortality and its correlation with the biological, socioeconomic and maternal and child health care in the Brazilian states in the period from 2006 to 2010. Method: The study made thematic maps and correlation (LISA) for verification of spatial dependence and multiple linear regression models. Results: Was found that there is no spatial autocorrelation for neonatal mortality in the Brazilian states (R = 0.002, p = 0.48). Most of variables were correlated (r> 0.3, p <0.05) with neonatal mortality, forming clusters in the North and Northeast, with the highest rates of teenage mothers, low household income per capita, lower prenatal appointments and beds of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The number of Neonatal UCI beds remained independent effect after regression analysis. Conclusion: The study concludes that regional inequalities in living conditions and especially the access to maternal and child health services contribute to the unequal distribution of neonatal mortality in Brazil / No Brasil, apesar do decl?nio da mortalidade infantil nas ?ltimas d?cadas esta ainda possui altas taxas indo de encontro ao preconizado pela OMS. Sendo o maior percentual da taxa de mortalidade infantil composto pelos ?bitos neonatais. Objetivo: Realizou-se um estudo para analisar a distribui??o espacial da mortalidade neonatal e sua correla??o com os fatores biol?gicos, socioecon?micos e de aten??o ? sa?de materno-infantil nos estados brasileiros, no per?odo de 2006 a 2010. Desenho: ecol?gico, utilizando os estados brasileiros e o Distrito Federal como unidades de an?lise. M?todo: Foram constru?dos mapas tem?ticos e de correla??o (LISA) para verifica??o de depend?ncia espacial e modelos de regress?o linear m?ltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se que n?o h? autocorrela??o espacial para mortalidade neonatal nos estados brasileiros (I =0,002; p=0,48). A maioria das vari?veis estavam correlacionadas (r >0,3, p<0,05) com a mortalidade neonatal, formando clusters em estados do Norte e Nordeste, com maiores taxas de m?es adolescentes, renda domiciliar per capta baixa, menor realiza??o de consultas de pr?-natal e de leitos de UTI Neonatal. O n?mero de leitos de UTI Neonatal manteve efeito independente ap?s a an?lise de regress?o. Conclus?o: As desigualdades regionais das condi??es de vida e principalmente de acesso aos servi?os de sa?de materno-infantil contribuem para a distribui??o desigual da mortalidade neonatal no Brasil