Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.

Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2007.

Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2016-04-11T13:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) MARCOSSAVITRAZ.pdf: 593690 bytes, checksum: 425f2b9c86d8ddf94121fd26504fdcf8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T13:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) MARCOSSAVITRAZ.pdf: 593690 bytes, checksum: 425f2b9c86d8ddf94121fd26504fdcf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-07 / This work brings an introductory context on determinants of special matrices, specifically the Vandermonde matrix, Cauchy and Hilbert. A compact algebraic formula is deduced for the determinant of each matrix. This formula provides ease in determining in the calculation process for this class of matrices. Applications are considered in the resolution of linear systems as well as in polynomial interpolation. Finally, we propose a class where we discuss concepts cited in the resolution of a problem situation, to be worked with high school students. / O presente trabalho nos traz um contexto introdutório sobre determinantes de matrizes especiais, mais concretamente a matriz de Vandermonde, Cauchy e Hilbert. Uma fórmula algébrica compacta é deduzida para o determinante de cada matriz. Esta fórmula nos proporciona facilidade no processo de cálculo do determinante para esta classe de matrizes. Aplicações são consideradas na resolução de sistemas lineares como também na interpolação polinomial. Finalmente, apresentamos uma proposta de aula onde abordamos conceitos citados na resolução de uma situação problema, para ser trabalhada com alunos do Ensino Médio.

Since 1993 South Africa underwent epoch-making constitutional changes. On the political terrain South Africa moved away from an "apartheid's" dispensation to a political dispensation that offers equality on all terrains to all its citizens. The political changes brought a new Constitution into existence, which includes a Bill of Fundamental Human rights. The other sectors of the society - including education - are inextricably connected to the political changes in the country. Education occupies a particularly important position in the community in as far as education is regarded as the central activity of the community. A changing model for teacher professionalism in a changing South Africa is exceedingly necessary, because the quality, productivity and effectiveness of education in South Africa is under suspicion. Education and training in South Africa do not satisfy the expectations of the community regarding education and training. The teachers (i.e. educators) are being regarded as one of the crucial factors responsible for the poor standard and quality of education in South Africa. In modern society education is a complex chain which involves many role players. The teacher (i.e. educator) must be aware of the fact that the law places a particular liability on him, especially regarding his professionalism. From a judicial point of view the teacher (i.e. educator) is accountable for his professional behaviour and conduct Various statutory changes have already taken place which might have an influence on teacher professionalism. The teacher (i.e. educator) should already have taken cognisance of this. Statutory changes that have already taken place and which might have a bearing on teacher professionalism, are amongst others the new Constitution that includes a Bill of Fundamental Human rights, the Education Labour Relations Act and the Educator's Employment Act. The right to basic education, as included in the Constitution, plac~s an obligation on the teaching profession to see to it that only qualified and competent persons practice as professional teachers (i. c. educators). The Education Labour Relations Act makes provision for a South African Council for Educators, under which all teachers (i. c. educators) must be registered before such a person may practice as a professional teacher (i.e. educator). The South African Council for Educators is also empowered with certain powers and competencies to establish minimum entrance requirements for the teaching profession, as well as to establish an ethical code of conduct to which all educators must adhere. The Educator's Employment Act has already demarcated misconduct and incompetence of teachers (i.e. educators) and makes provision for the procedures to be followed in case of trespassing by a teacher (i.e. educator). The common law determinants such as the rules of natural justice and due process make provision for transparent administrative justice. The statutory and common law determinants provide a framework in which a model for teacher professionalism can be developed. The international community also makes use of set requirements which a person must satisfy before such a person may practice as a professional teacher (i. c. educator). The international community has already refined misconduct stipulations, such as insubordination, immoral behaviour and criminal offences through court verdicts. In the international community's findings the South African Council for Educators might find an additional frame of reference in the development of a model for teacher professionalism in a changing South Africa. All economies, but especially the economy of a changing South Africa, depend heavily on a well-educated citizen force. Well-trained and competent teachers (i. c. educators) are essential in bringing about a well-educated citizen force, which can make a contribution to a country's economy. A model for teacher professionalism in a changi"6 South Africa is a prerequisite for the achievement of this goal. / Proefskrif (PhD (Onderwysbestuur))--PU vir CHO, 1996

Since 1993 South Africa underwent epoch-making constitutional changes. On the political terrain South Africa moved away from an "apartheid's" dispensation to a political dispensation that offers equality on all terrains to all its citizens. The political changes brought a new Constitution into existence, which includes a Bill of Fundamental Human rights. The other sectors of the society - including education - are inextricably connected to the political changes in the country. Education occupies a particularly important position in the community in as far as education is regarded as the central activity of the community. A changing model for teacher professionalism in a changing South Africa is exceedingly necessary, because the quality, productivity and effectiveness of education in South Africa is under suspicion. Education and training in South Africa do not satisfy the expectations of the community regarding education and training. The teachers (i.e. educators) are being regarded as one of the crucial factors responsible for the poor standard and quality of education in South Africa. In modern society education is a complex chain which involves many role players. The teacher (i.e. educator) must be aware of the fact that the law places a particular liability on him, especially regarding his professionalism. From a judicial point of view the teacher (i.e. educator) is accountable for his professional behaviour and conduct Various statutory changes have already taken place which might have an influence on teacher professionalism. The teacher (i.e. educator) should already have taken cognisance of this. Statutory changes that have already taken place and which might have a bearing on teacher professionalism, are amongst others the new Constitution that includes a Bill of Fundamental Human rights, the Education Labour Relations Act and the Educator's Employment Act. The right to basic education, as included in the Constitution, plac~s an obligation on the teaching profession to see to it that only qualified and competent persons practice as professional teachers (i. c. educators). The Education Labour Relations Act makes provision for a South African Council for Educators, under which all teachers (i. c. educators) must be registered before such a person may practice as a professional teacher (i.e. educator). The South African Council for Educators is also empowered with certain powers and competencies to establish minimum entrance requirements for the teaching profession, as well as to establish an ethical code of conduct to which all educators must adhere. The Educator's Employment Act has already demarcated misconduct and incompetence of teachers (i.e. educators) and makes provision for the procedures to be followed in case of trespassing by a teacher (i.e. educator). The common law determinants such as the rules of natural justice and due process make provision for transparent administrative justice. The statutory and common law determinants provide a framework in which a model for teacher professionalism can be developed. The international community also makes use of set requirements which a person must satisfy before such a person may practice as a professional teacher (i. c. educator). The international community has already refined misconduct stipulations, such as insubordination, immoral behaviour and criminal offences through court verdicts. In the international community's findings the South African Council for Educators might find an additional frame of reference in the development of a model for teacher professionalism in a changing South Africa. All economies, but especially the economy of a changing South Africa, depend heavily on a well-educated citizen force. Well-trained and competent teachers (i. c. educators) are essential in bringing about a well-educated citizen force, which can make a contribution to a country's economy. A model for teacher professionalism in a changi"6 South Africa is a prerequisite for the achievement of this goal. / Proefskrif (PhD (Onderwysbestuur))--PU vir CHO, 1996

Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2006.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Linguística, Português e Línguas Classicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, 2007. / Submitted by Luis Felipe Souza (luis_felas@globo.com) on 2008-11-12T18:40:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AnaCarolinaNunes.pdf: 1533430 bytes, checksum: 6bd0ea1a211f880383aa667cf0991c3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-01-15T13:58:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AnaCarolinaNunes.pdf: 1533430 bytes, checksum: 6bd0ea1a211f880383aa667cf0991c3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-01-15T13:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AnaCarolinaNunes.pdf: 1533430 bytes, checksum: 6bd0ea1a211f880383aa667cf0991c3e (MD5) / Como se sabe, DPs topicalizados são sujeitos a uma restrição de definitude, assim, um elemento indefinido não pode aparecer na posição de tópico (Cf. Hankamer, 1971; Kuno, 1972; Pontes, 1987; Raposo, 1996; Kato, 1998, entre outros). Assim, sintagmas determinantes quantificados (SDQs) não podem ser topicalizados nem em Inglês nem no Português do Brasil. No entanto, nossa análise de dados do Português do Brasil sugere que SDQs podem aparecer em posição de tópico em situações discursivas com retomada de contexto (cf.contexto pergunta-resposta) e, mesmo em situações sem retomada de contexto (out of the blue contexts), se apresentarem um modificador restritivo interno. Temos, portanto, as seguintes generalizações: (I) SDQs nus podem ocorrer em posição de tópico quando a situação discursiva imediata lhes fornece um antecedente; (II) SDQs com modificadores restritivos podem ser topicalizados mesmo nas chamadas situações discursivas de sopetão (out of the blue contexts). Generalização I: Em nossa análise, SDQs nus possuem uma estrutura subjacente envolvendo elisão de um NP partitivo. Apresentaremos os seguintes argumentos em favor dessa análise: Primeiro, esses SDQs podem ser pronunciados (spelt-out) sem o processo de elisão. Segundo, eles também obedecem à restrição de partitividade (cf. Jackendoff (1977), de Hoop (1998)), segundo a qual o SN que segue a preposição partitiva tem de ser definido. É possível, portanto, concluir que a generalização (I) é apenas um subcaso da Generalização (II). Generalização II: Pressupondo, assim, a restrição de definitude para a posição de tópico e que definitude é um traço do determinante, então, ao considerar a generalização II, nos confrontamos com a seguinte questão: Dentro da teoria do DP (Szabolcsi (1983), Abney (1987)), como explicar que um modificador do nome pode influenciar na definitude do determinante de maneira composicional? Nossa resposta fundamenta-se numa visão relacional à la Larson (1991, 2004) de determinantes. Nessa visão, o determinante é, primeiramente, concatenado (merged) com o modificador da expressão nominal e depois se move para uma posição mais alta dentro do DP Shell. Seguindo Keenan and Stavi (1984), sugerimos que na concatenação do quantificador com o modificador restritivo, o DP torna-se [+ definido], podendo, portanto, ser topicalizado. Como se sabe, a presença de um argumento indireto dentro do VP Shell pode modificar a telicidade de verbos. (Cf. Verkuyl 1972; Tenny 1994). Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma comparação entre DPs e VPs, observando que o traço definido do quantificador também é modificado quando o DP Shell contém um modificador restritivo. Apresentamos as seguintes evidências para esta análise: a) a presença de orações relativas ou sintagmas preposicionados que são complementos do nome não licencia um DP quantificado em posição de tópico; b) algumas expressões idiomáticas nominais são formadas pelo determinante e pelo modificador restritivo, excluindo o nome. __________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / A well-known restriction on topicalized DPs is that they are subject to a definiteness requirement, as an indefinite element cannot appear in a topic position. (Cf. Hankamer, 1971; Kuno, 1972; Pontes, 1987; Raposo, 1996; Kato, 1998, amoung others). More generally, quantified DPs (QDPs) cannot be topicalized neither in English nor in Brazilian Portuguese. However, how our analysis of Brazilian Portuguese data shows QDPs can be topicalized if they contain an restrictive modifier phrase or occur in a discourse situation that provides them with an antecedent (cf. the question answer). Hence, we have the following observations: (I) bare QDPs are allowed in topic position if the immediate discourse situation provides them with an antecedent. (II) In out-of-the-blue contexts, QDPs are topicalizable if they contain a restrictive modifier. Generalization I: We argue that topicalized bare QDPs have an underlying structure involving elision of a partitive NP. That is, these are QDPs containing an elided restrictive modifier. We present the following arguments for this analysis: First, these DPs can be spelt-out without ellipsis. Second, they obey the so-called partitive constraint (cf. Jackendoff (1977) & de Hoop (1998)), according to which the NP that follows the partitive preposition (of) must be definite. If this is correct, then generalization (I) is a subtype of observation (II): The underling structure of topicalized QDPs always contains a restrictive modifier phrase. Generalization II: Assuming thus that topicalized DPs are definite DPs and that definiteness is a feature of the determiner, then when analyzing observation (II) we need to answer the following question: Under the DP hypothesis (Szabolsci 19983, Abney 1987), how can we explain that the presence of a restrictive modifier within the DP structure can determine the definiteness of the determiner in a compositional way? Our answer is based on a Larsonian view of DPs (cf. Larson 1991 and 2004), according to which the determiner is first merged with the modifier of the nominal expression, then it moves to a higher projection within the DP shell. Hence, the so called NP restrictive modifiers are lexically inserted as the complement of the determiner. Therefore, following Keenan and Stavi (1984) we argue that by merging a quantifier with a restrictive modifier, the determiner becomes [+definite], being thus topicalizable. It has been shown that the presence of an indirect argument within a VP shell can modify the telicity of the verb (Cf. Verkuyl 1972; Tenny 1994). In this dissertation we present a comparision between DPs and VPs, observing that the definite feature of a quantifier is also changed when the DP shell contains a restrictive modifier, which is a complement of the determiner. We offer the following evidence in favor of this analysis: (a) the presence of relative clauses or prepositional phrases that are argumental complements of the noun does not license a QDP in a topic position; (b) certain nominal idiomatic expressions are formed by the determiner and the restrictive modifier to the exclusion of the noun.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:57:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3848_1.pdf: 642128 bytes, checksum: 751dde7a7a0660202e40df2c7e9f4892 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho versa sobre aspectos referentes ao consumidor e a fatores que podem influenciar sua decisão de compra, como a propaganda. Concentra-se no comportamento do consumidor adolescente brasileiro recifense, uma vez que poucos estudos têm sido feitos nesta área no Brasil. Aborda inicialmente aspectos relativos ao contexto social brasileiro, relacionados à adolescência e aspectos do marketing, de forma particular a uma de suas táticas promocionais, a propaganda. Analisa criticamente teorias psicológicas como o Behaviorismo, teoria do Processamento da Informação e Resolução de Problemas, teoria do Apego, e suas possíveis relações diretas ou indiretas com a propaganda e o comportamento do consumidor. Teve como objetivo principal verificar se a propaganda exerce influência determinante na decisão de compra dos adolescentes. Apóia-se no método quali-quanti, usando como instrumentos a associação livre, a classificação dirigida, situação hipotética de compra e escala Likert relacionada ao peso da propaganda para decisão de compra. Análises descritivas, de variância Kruskall-Wallis e multidimensional através da técnica SSA (Smallest Space Analysis) e de entrevista foram realizadas. Verificou-se de uma forma geral que a propaganda não se apresenta, na opinião dos participantes, como uma influência determinante na decisão de compra dos mesmos

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo articular um estudo do determinante diante das formas possessivas com base em um corpus histórico jornalístico composto de anúncios e cartas de leitores e redatores extraídos de jornais paulistas do século XIX. Focalizamos as formas possessivas seu/seus/sua/suas pré-nominais, observando a presença versus ausência do artigo definido e seus diferentes contextos. Nossas hipóteses buscaram resolver algumas questões teóricas relacionadas à estrutura do DP possessivo no PB, entre elas a da opcionalidade aparente do determinante e a da variação na realização de Número no interior da estrutura. Desenvolvemos respostas e análises às questões a partir da associação de dois quadros teóricos: a teoria dos Princípios & Parâmetros (CHOMSKY 1981, 1986) incluindo alguns refinamentos do Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2004), e os pressupostos elaborados dentro da Sociolinguística Variacionista (cf. WEINREICH, LABOV e HERZOG (WLH) (1968); LABOV (1972, 1994, 2000)). Consideramos também estudos posteriores que conciliaram a mudança paramétrica internalista da língua (ROBERTS (2007)) com fatores extragramaticais que determinam o percurso das formas linguísticas no tempo histórico (KROCH (1989, 1994, 2000)). Para o estudo da estrutura do DP possessivo usamos a análise sobre os Bare Nouns de Cyrino & Espinal (2014). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a média geral de ausência do determinante diante de DPs possessivos se manteve a mesma nos dois períodos analisados, configurando uma variação estável. Concluímos que não houve, portanto, indícios de oscilação no uso de uma ou outra variante que pudesse demonstrar o avanço de uma delas em detrimento de outra. / The aim of this thesis is to describe the possessive DP structure and investigate the use of the determiner in possessive noun phrases in Paulista Brazilian Portuguese from the 19th century. For our description and analysis, we use advertisements and letters from readers and writers drawn from a historical and journalistic corpus. This research tries to verify if there is a parametric change and the contexts affected by the change and to propose an analysis for the observed facts. We adopt a minimalist approach based on Chomsky (1995, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2004), within the Principles and Parameters Model (CHOMSKY 1981, 1986). We also adopt a variationist sociolinguistical approach (cf. WEINREICH, LABOV and HERZOG (WLH) (1968); LABOV (1972, 1994, 2000)) and studies of internalist parametric change (ROBERTS (2007)) and social factors (KROCH (1989, 1994, 2000)) to determine the way the possible change takes place. In order to explore possessive DP structure we use the Bare Nouns analyses by Cyrino & Espinal (2014). During the period considered, the use of the article was variable, setting a stable variation.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise semântica, no paradigma da Semântica Formal, da (i) restrição de domínio no DP e da (ii) expressão kar, que veicula a ideia de totalidade, no dialeto paranaense da língua Kaingang, do tronco Macro-Jê, família Jê, falada nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Num primeiro momento, o artigo definido parece ter, no Kaingang Paranaense, uma distribuição não trivial: aplica-se primeiro a um determinante quantificacional e restringe, via essa combinação, o domínio do quantificador, tal como no Basco, Grego e Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 e Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), línguas muito parecidas com o Kaingang no domínio nominal. Alguns dados, contudo, apontaram a análise em outra direção. Entendemos que certos padrões de comportamento semântico e sintático apresentado por kar nas sentenças, tal como sua neutralidade quanto à propriedade de distributividade e a possibilidade da conjunção de duas sequências de [NP+kar] sob um mesmo artigo definido (ao contrário do Basco, no qual a mesma estrutura é agramatical, sugerindo que os quantificadores universais em Basco criam um QP), são algumas das evidências que, no conjunto, dão suporte para a hipótese, defendida nesta dissertação, de que kar, no Kaingang Paranaense, parece ser um modificador - à la Lasersohn (1999) -, não tendo, por isso, uma força quantificacional própria. A função semântica de kar seria de controlar o quanto de desvio da verdade é pragmaticamente permissível. Como consequência desta análise, no Kaingang Paranaense o artigo definido não operaria sobre um determinante quantificacional, mas sim sobre um NP. O que aponta no sentido de que os artigos definidos ag/fag (os/as) no Kaingang Paranaense, em contextos em que eles co-ocorrem com kar, não perderiam a sua função max, i.e., de formadores de indivíduo a partir de um conjunto, para funcionar meramente como um operador preservador de tipo e restritor de domínio adjungido ao determinante quantificacional, como proposto por Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) para o Basco e o Grego. Ag/fag continuariam sendo artigos definidos clássicos ocupando o núcleo de uma projeção DP e kar um modificador. Também discutimos brevemente algumas das vantagens e problemas de se tentar estender esta análise para o Basco, Grego e Státimcets. E, por último, investigamos o comportamento de kar na sentença, as possíveis leituras quando da sua interação com indefinidos, numerais, tipos de predicados e o operador distributivo introduzido via reduplicação verbal. Com base nos dados, nossa proposta é de que - em função de a leitura distributiva, na maioria dos exemplos, ser permitida pelos informantes somente quando houve reduplicação verbal - kar é neutro quanto à propriedade da distributividade e que o operador distributivo introduzido por reduplicação verbal tem escopo sobre todo o VP. / This dissertation presents, in the paradigm of formal semantics, a semantic analysis of both (i) the phenomenon of domain restriction in the DP and (ii) the expression kar, which conveys the idea of totality, in a dialect of the Kaingang language, a Brazilian language from the Macro-Jê Stock, Jê family, spoken in southern and southeastern Brazil. Although, at first, the definite article in Kaingang seems to have a non-trivial distribution: it applies first to a quantificational expression, and via such combination restricts the domain of quantifier, such as in Basque, Greek and Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 and Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), some data pointed the analysis in another direction. Patterns of semantic and syntactic bevavior presented by kar in some sentences, such as its neutralite regarding the property of distributivity and the possibility of conjoining two [NP + kar] sequences under the same definite article (unlike Basque, which does not allow such structure, suggesting that in Basque the universal quantifier creats a QP), seem to be as a whole evidences for the hypothesis, advocated in this thesis, that the expression kar may be a modifier - à la Lasersohn (1999) - and as such would not have a quantificational force of its own. The semantic function of kar would be to control how much deviation from the truth conditions of the sentences is pragmatically allowed. As a result of this analysis, the definite articles ag/fag in Kaingang do not operate on a quantificational expression, as in Basque and Greek, but on the NP. Such fact suggests that the definite articles in Kaingang, in contexts they co-occur with kar, do not lose their max function in order to work merely as a type preserver and a domain restrictor combined with a quantificational expression, as proposed by Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) for Basque and Greek. Ag/fag would still be a classical definite article occupying the head of a DP projection and kar a modifier, instead of a universal quantifier. We also discuss briefly some of the advantages and problems of trying to extend this analysis to the Basque, Greek and Státimcets languages. And lastly, we investigated the behavior of kar in the sentence, its interaction with indefinites, numerals, types of predicates and the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication. Based on such data, once distributive readings were permitted by the informants only via verbal reduplication, our proposal is that kar is neutral regarding the property of distributivity and that the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication has scope over the VP.