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Teoretické přístupy a praktické formy řešení sociálně-ekonomických problémů nejméně rozvinutých zemí (LDCs) / Theoretical Approaches and Practical Solutions of the Socio-economic Problems of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs)Harmáček, Jaromír January 2007 (has links)
The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of economic growth and its implications for economic and social development of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The thesis proceeds from the assumption that economic growth is the necessary (but not sufficient) condition for economic, social and human development of societies and nations. In context of the LDCs, this assumption can be modified: it is assumed that it has been the low average rate of growth in the long-run that is associated with the complex social and economic issues of LDCs. The primary objective of the thesis is to verify this association within the LDCs, then to investigate factors that have been the major determinants for economic growth in (African) LDCs. From the perspective of theory the thesis is grounded in theories and models of economic growth that are crucial for researching factors of growth and its implications for development. The thesis focuses also on in-depth analysis of the LDCs both from the classification and statistical perspectives. The latter one is based on comparisons with selected groups of states within the World economy.
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Establishing Junior-level Colleges in Developing Nations: a Site Selection Process Using Data From UgandaIaeger, Paula Irene 05 1900 (has links)
This research synthesizes data and presents it using mapping software to help to identify potential site locations for community-centered higher education alternatives and more traditional junior-level colleges in Uganda. What factors can be used to quantify one site over another for the location of such an institution and if these factors can be isolated; why should they be used by local authorities? the variables are secured from the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ), Afrobarometer, census data, as well as technology reports and surveys. These variables are reduced, grouped and mapped to help determine the best location for a junior-level college. the use of local expert opinion on geopolitical, economic, and educational situations can be interfaced with the database data to identify potential sites for junior-level colleges with the potential to reduce the failure rate of such post-secondary school ventures. These data are analyzed in the context of reported higher education policies and outcomes from the national ministries, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), quality assurances agencies in the region, the World Bank, and national datasets. the final product is a model and tool that can be used by local experts to better select future sites to expand higher education, especially in rural areas in the least developed countries.
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Shopping center development in China : Current situation, challenges and solutionsWang, Liangping January 2011 (has links)
In recent years, shopping center becomes a more and more hot discussed topic in China due to its rapid development crossing China. The new retail format has brought both new opportunities and challenges. By comparing to western developed countries and region, China has not been involving the shopping center development for quite long time, the industry of shopping center development in China is more behind in terms of shopping center concpet development, design of a shopping center, investment model and the sysmatic professional way of shopping center development. How to lower the risks of shopping center development and have it to be a sustainable industry becomes a very crucial question to answer now. The paper will discuss those questions through literature review, interview, case study and comparison analysis. After all the research done in the paper, we can draw a few improving suggestions such as the government needs to have good commercial planning from the beginning, the developers shall have a healthy long term business model to support to have good shopping centers both for tenants and customers. Besides those, the developers should think about and use a professional way to do the shopping center development in China. The improving suggestion will need to focus on the customer needs and have long term business model.
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Economic and Social Development of the Traditional Society: Studies of Ecuador, Turkey, and VietnamCorbin, Charles M. 01 May 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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A Study Of The Relationship Between Trade Liberalization And Human Development In Sub-saharan Africa's Least Developed CountriesRash, Stephanie A 01 January 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between trade liberalization, measured using the Heritage Foundation’s Trade Freedom indicator, and human development, measured using the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index, in subSaharan Africa’s Least Developed Countries between 1990 and 2011 as data allows. In addition to exploring the relationship between these two variables, alternative factors that influence human development are examined in bivariate correlations with human development as well as used as control variables in a multiple regression analysis. Namely, this study includes government effectiveness, the percentage of the labor force employed in the agricultural sector, the percent of Gross Domestic Product made up of the sale of agricultural products, geography, and armed conflict as control variables. By conducting a cross-national bivariate correlation analysis as well as a cross-national multiple regression analysis for the years between 1990 and 2011, this study highlights how, when included in a model with control variables, trade liberalization goes from being a statistically significant predictor of human development index scores to losing its significance altogether. The results from this study indicate that trade liberalization, government effectiveness, and geography, more specifically being landlocked or not, do not have statistically significant effects on human development for LDCs in the region. However, this study finds that for every unit increase in the percentage of the labor force working in agriculture as well as the percentage of GDP made up by agricultural products, a lower human development score can be expected. Armed conflict also has a statistically significant, negative effect on human development.
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A study of factors that impact on executive network marketing in financial institutions in LDCs. An examination of factors that impact on executive network marketing in the finacial services sector in less developed countries: The case of Ghana.Seddoh, Daniel K. January 2007 (has links)
This research study provides a view of the relationship between organizational leaders
and relationship executives of financial institutions and their exchange partners. It does
so by analyzing data on the networking efforts of 20 executive directors in qualitative
interviews and 124 relationship executives in research questionnaires. Network marketing
within the financial services sector is becoming increasingly important.
We proposed a model that seeks to offer an explanation of Executive network
marketing in financial institutions in LDCs where the market system is underdeveloped.
The proposed model identified four categories being: firm characteristics, Executives’
personal contact groups, Executives’ business contact groups and issues of commitment
and trust in exchange relationships.
Multiple factor analysis established the regression model as significant in establishing a
formal relationship between the dependent variable (network marketing) and the
independent variables (firm characteristics, business contact, personal contact and
commitment and trust). It was confirmed that there are differences in Executives’ level
of network marketing among the different age groups. Also there were significant
differences in the network marketing of the Executives with regard to their level of
education. It was observed that there were significant differences in the network
marketing of the Executives with respect of their fields of study. Finally it was observed
that owner managers were more involved in network marketing than the professional
managers and those in partnerships.
Not only did the study confirm the research model, but it also revealed that, to a
considerable extent, network marketing is practiced by the Executives in the financial
services sector in Ghana.
The study concluded that business contact networks are the most effective of the Executives’
network marketing in financial services sector in Ghana. It is therefore important that state
policies are directed towards enhancing the business environment within the financial
services sector. Government should desist from being a regulator and a player in the same
market.
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Economic freedom and social capital determinants on economic growth of developed and developing nationsChakrabarti, Debjani 05 May 2007 (has links)
This dissertation explores the determining effects of non-economic factors on economic growth of developed versus developing nations. While earlier economic theories have traditionally focused on land, labor, capital and technology as the principle determining factors of economic growth, latter-day normative theorists demonstrated the importance of cultural forces and human capital variables on economic growth of nations. This dissertation is an extension of this emphasis put on economic growth by the latter-day normative theorists. Economic activities for developed and developing nations have been used as a proxy stock variable (for economic growth) for three points in time ? 1980, 1990 and 2000. The data for economic activities has been obtained from Jerry Dwyer?s dataset while the independent variables such as economic freedom has been obtained from the Fraser Institute and that of social capital variables have been obtained from the World Values Survey for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. The central focus of the research has been to observe the correlations between the several components of economic freedom and social capital variables (such as trust and membership) among developed and developing nations followed by multiple regression analyses of the economic freedom and social capital variables on economic growth of developed and developing nations. The findings of this research suggest that physical capital and economic freedom and unequivocally significant determinants of economic growth in both the developed and developing nations. Trust on the other hand has been understood to be a limited variable in the way it is conceptualized in the World Values Survey. Within this limitation, ?personal trust? has been found to be declining over the years for all the nations, has very little association with membership categories over the years and is negatively correlated with economic activities/economic growth or output per worker. The impact of membership or belongingness on economic activities is very different in developed versus developing countries. Overall, this research has helped to broaden the boundaries of economic growth with the extension of sociological variables (such as trust and membership) into the field of Economics. The research has broad-based implications on the public policies of government across nations.
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”Från jord till bord i kris” Resiliens inom Livsmedelsberedskap : En tematisk analys av Sveriges och Norges livsmedelsberedskapsstrategier / From farm to fork in crisis - Food Security and Resilience : A thematic analysis of Swedens and Norways food security strategiesForseth, Anna-Karin January 2024 (has links)
In a world marked by climate change, globalization, and rapidly increasing population growth food security is a crucial factor for the survival of both individuals and states. To meet these challenges m countries, develop food security strategies to cope and create a resilience. This study aims to apply a resilience perspective on food security strategies in developed countries, like Sweden and Norway. Through a thematic analysis has expressions of resilience been identified and together with a theoretical typology of resilience diverse types of resilience has emerged. The results show that ecological resilience is the dominant type in these national food security strategies followed by elements of social-ecological resilience. The results also highlight what actions the countries strategies consider to be resilient. Furthermore, the strategies expressions of resilience are mostly similar but also shows differences between the methods of creating resilience within food security.
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A pre-implementation analysis of the new South African withholding tax on interest / Bhavesh Shashikant GovanGovan, Bhavesh Shashikant January 2014 (has links)
South Africa is in need of foreign direct investment (FDI) to increase economic growth and
alleviate unemployment and poverty. To succeed in obtaining this FDI, South Africa must
compete with the rest of the world for the available FDI. The global economic outlook is
currently still uncertain and the growth of advanced economies are slowing down while
Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa continue to grow at a steady pace. South Africa, as part of
Sub-Saharan Africa, should take advantage of this growth on the African continent as well
as internationally.
Although studies have been performed to ascertain the tax policies of countries, the role of
taxation applied by countries and the effects of taxation on FDI, there have been few
studies on the tax policies specifically in respect of withholding taxes on interest. The new
South African withholding tax on interest, applicable to South African source interest
payments to non-residents, has been proposed to be included in terms of sections 49A to
49H in the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and will become effective from 1 January 2015.
These sections have been introduced to align the said withholding tax and the section
10(1)(h) interest exemption, applicable to normal income tax in respect of non-residents,
to the withholding taxes on interest and interest exemptions applied globally. Attention
should be focused on whether the aforementioned global alignment will be achieved with
the introduction of this legislation as South Africa had previously applied a similar
legislation called non-residents’ tax on interest (NRTI) which appeared to be unsuccessful.
Determining whether this legislation has been aligned with global practice will provide
useful insight into whether this new legislation will promote, stagnate or be indifferent to
FDI in South Africa, while at the same time not eroding the tax base with overly generous
exemptions.
This study reviews and compares the taxes implemented globally specifically in relation to
withholding taxes on interest in a selection of countries, namely the developing countries
Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mozambique and Namibia and the developed countries
Germany and Denmark. Other determinants which will also have an impact on the
comparisons of these withholding taxes are, for example, normal and withholding tax
interest exemptions and repo rates – all of which have been incorporated into this
comparative study. Based on the literature reviewed and the comparative analysis, the study concludes that the South African withholding tax on interest is effectively designed
to keep attracting foreign lending in order to remain competitive in international markets. It
is further shown that the South African legislation in respect of the section 10(1)(h) blanket
interest exemption is aligned to that of global practice. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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A pre-implementation analysis of the new South African withholding tax on interest / Bhavesh Shashikant GovanGovan, Bhavesh Shashikant January 2014 (has links)
South Africa is in need of foreign direct investment (FDI) to increase economic growth and
alleviate unemployment and poverty. To succeed in obtaining this FDI, South Africa must
compete with the rest of the world for the available FDI. The global economic outlook is
currently still uncertain and the growth of advanced economies are slowing down while
Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa continue to grow at a steady pace. South Africa, as part of
Sub-Saharan Africa, should take advantage of this growth on the African continent as well
as internationally.
Although studies have been performed to ascertain the tax policies of countries, the role of
taxation applied by countries and the effects of taxation on FDI, there have been few
studies on the tax policies specifically in respect of withholding taxes on interest. The new
South African withholding tax on interest, applicable to South African source interest
payments to non-residents, has been proposed to be included in terms of sections 49A to
49H in the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and will become effective from 1 January 2015.
These sections have been introduced to align the said withholding tax and the section
10(1)(h) interest exemption, applicable to normal income tax in respect of non-residents,
to the withholding taxes on interest and interest exemptions applied globally. Attention
should be focused on whether the aforementioned global alignment will be achieved with
the introduction of this legislation as South Africa had previously applied a similar
legislation called non-residents’ tax on interest (NRTI) which appeared to be unsuccessful.
Determining whether this legislation has been aligned with global practice will provide
useful insight into whether this new legislation will promote, stagnate or be indifferent to
FDI in South Africa, while at the same time not eroding the tax base with overly generous
exemptions.
This study reviews and compares the taxes implemented globally specifically in relation to
withholding taxes on interest in a selection of countries, namely the developing countries
Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mozambique and Namibia and the developed countries
Germany and Denmark. Other determinants which will also have an impact on the
comparisons of these withholding taxes are, for example, normal and withholding tax
interest exemptions and repo rates – all of which have been incorporated into this
comparative study. Based on the literature reviewed and the comparative analysis, the study concludes that the South African withholding tax on interest is effectively designed
to keep attracting foreign lending in order to remain competitive in international markets. It
is further shown that the South African legislation in respect of the section 10(1)(h) blanket
interest exemption is aligned to that of global practice. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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